"backer" meaning in English

See backer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈbækɚ/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-backer.wav [US]
Rhymes: -ækɚ Head templates: {{head|en|comparative adjective}} backer
  1. (phonetics) comparative form of back: more back Tags: comparative, form-of Form of: back (extra: more back)
    Sense id: en-backer-en-adj-GJupn-GT Categories (other): Phonetics Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, phonetics, phonology, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /ˈbækɚ/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-backer.wav [US] Forms: backers [plural]
Rhymes: -ækɚ Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.? Proto-Germanic *baką Proto-West Germanic *bak Old English bæc Middle English bak English back Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-so- Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so- Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós Proto-Italic *-āsijos Proto-Italic *-āsios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere ▲ Latin -ārius Old French -ierbor. Middle English -er English -er English backer From back + -er. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|back&lt;id:rear&gt;|-er&lt;id:agent noun&gt;|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.? Proto-Germanic *baką Proto-West Germanic *bak Old English bæc Middle English bak English back Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-so- Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so- Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós Proto-Italic *-āsijos Proto-Italic *-āsios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere ▲ Latin -ārius Old French -ierbor. Middle English -er English -er English backer [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "bend", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*bʰeg-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*baką", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*bak", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "bæc", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "bak", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "back", "lang" : "en" }, { "id" : "agent noun", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "agent suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "agent suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "agent suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "noun", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "agent noun", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "nom.", "keyword_label" : "Nominalization of", "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjective", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjective", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-āsijos", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-eh₂s(i)yós", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-eh₂so-", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂", "status" : "ambiguous", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "alt" : "*-so-", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "id" : "athematic", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-os", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "alt" : "*-o-", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "ok", "children" : [ ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yós", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-āsios", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ārius", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "nominalization" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ārius", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-ārijaz", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*-ārī", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "-ere", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-ere", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "terms" : [ { "id" : "agentive", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "children" : [ ], "id" : "agent noun", "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":nom", "3" : "-ārius<id:adjective>", "id" : "agent noun", "title" : "-ārius", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ārius", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-ier", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-er", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-er", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "backer", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="backer"> From back + -er., {{ety|en|:af|back&lt;id:rear&gt;|-er&lt;id:agent noun&gt;|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.? Proto-Germanic *baką Proto-West Germanic *bak Old English bæc Middle English bak English back Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-os? Proto-Indo-European *-o- Proto-Indo-European *-so- Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so- Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós Proto-Italic *-āsijos Proto-Italic *-āsios Latin -āriusnom. Latin -āriusbor. Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz Proto-West Germanic *-ārī Old English -ere Middle English -ere ▲ Latin -ārius Old French -ierbor. Middle English -er English -er English backer From back + -er. Head templates: {{en-noun}} backer (plural backers)
  1. One who, or that which, backs; especially one who backs an entrant in a contest, or who supports an enterprise by funding it. Derived forms: backerboard, backer-up, linebacker Translations (one who backs): borg (Afrikaans), поддръжник (poddrăžnik) (Bulgarian), tukija (Finnish), stuðningsmaður [masculine] (Icelandic), assensor [masculine] (Latin), kaitautoko (Māori), آرقه (arka) (Ottoman Turkish), دستك (destek) (Ottoman Turkish)
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*bʰeg-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-#Proto-Indo-European:_bend"
    ],
    [
      "*baką",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baką"
    ],
    [
      "*bak",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bak"
    ],
    [
      "bæc",
      "bæc#Old_English:_bak"
    ],
    [
      "bak",
      "bak#Middle_English:_hind"
    ],
    [
      "back",
      "back#English:_rear"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
    ],
    [
      "*-os",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
    ],
    [
      "*-yós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "*-āsios",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
    ],
    [
      "-ārius",
      "-arius#Latin:_adjective"
    ],
    [
      "-ārius",
      "-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
    ],
    [
      "*-ārijaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ārijaz#Proto-Germanic:_noun"
    ],
    [
      "*-ārī",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ārī#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ere",
      "-ere#Old_English:_agent_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ere",
      "-ere#Middle_English:_agent_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ārius",
      "-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
    ],
    [
      "-ier",
      "-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#Middle_English:_agentive"
    ],
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#English:_agent_noun"
    ],
    [
      "back",
      "back#English:_rear"
    ],
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#English:_agent_noun"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "back<id:rear>",
        "4": "-er<id:agent noun>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.?\nProto-Germanic *baką\nProto-West Germanic *bak\nOld English bæc\nMiddle English bak\nEnglish back\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish backer\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"bend\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeg-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*baką\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"bæc\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bak\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"back\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārijaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agentive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":nom\", \"3\" : \"-ārius<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"title\" : \"-ārius\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"backer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"backer\">\nFrom back + -er.",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "back<id:rear>",
        "4": "-er<id:agent noun>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.?\nProto-Germanic *baką\nProto-West Germanic *bak\nOld English bæc\nMiddle English bak\nEnglish back\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish backer\nFrom back + -er.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.?\nProto-Germanic *baką\nProto-West Germanic *bak\nOld English bæc\nMiddle English bak\nEnglish back\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish backer\nFrom back + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "backers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "backer (plural backers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Latin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Māori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "backerboard"
        },
        {
          "word": "backer-up"
        },
        {
          "word": "linebacker"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who, or that which, backs; especially one who backs an entrant in a contest, or who supports an enterprise by funding it."
      ],
      "id": "en-backer-en-noun-7WQrRBxb",
      "links": [
        [
          "back",
          "back#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "fund",
          "fund"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "lang_code": "af",
          "sense": "one who backs",
          "word": "borg"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "poddrăžnik",
          "sense": "one who backs",
          "word": "поддръжник"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "one who backs",
          "word": "tukija"
        },
        {
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "sense": "one who backs",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stuðningsmaður"
        },
        {
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "sense": "one who backs",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "assensor"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Māori",
          "lang_code": "mi",
          "sense": "one who backs",
          "word": "kaitautoko"
        },
        {
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "lang_code": "ota",
          "roman": "arka",
          "sense": "one who backs",
          "word": "آرقه"
        },
        {
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "lang_code": "ota",
          "roman": "destek",
          "sense": "one who backs",
          "word": "دستك"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbækɚ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-backer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ækɚ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "backer"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "comparative adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "backer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Phonetics",
          "orig": "en:Phonetics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              79,
              85
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2005, Martin J. Ball, Nicole Müller, Phonetics for Communication Disorders, page 174:",
          "text": "/eɪ/ This diphthong is a glide from mid front tongue position toward a higher, backer position similar to that of /ɪ/.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "more back",
          "word": "back"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "comparative form of back: more back"
      ],
      "id": "en-backer-en-adj-GJupn-GT",
      "links": [
        [
          "phonetics",
          "phonetics"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back#English"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonetics) comparative form of back: more back"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "form-of"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonetics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbækɚ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-backer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ækɚ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "backer"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English agent nouns",
    "English comparative adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeg- (bend)",
    "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Rhymes:English/ækɚ",
    "Rhymes:English/ækɚ/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Māori translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "backerboard"
    },
    {
      "word": "backer-up"
    },
    {
      "word": "linebacker"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*bʰeg-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeg-#Proto-Indo-European:_bend"
    ],
    [
      "*baką",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baką"
    ],
    [
      "*bak",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bak"
    ],
    [
      "bæc",
      "bæc#Old_English:_bak"
    ],
    [
      "bak",
      "bak#Middle_English:_hind"
    ],
    [
      "back",
      "back#English:_rear"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂"
    ],
    [
      "*-os",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
    ],
    [
      "*-yós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "*-āsios",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āsios#Proto-Italic:_adjective"
    ],
    [
      "-ārius",
      "-arius#Latin:_adjective"
    ],
    [
      "-ārius",
      "-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
    ],
    [
      "*-ārijaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ārijaz#Proto-Germanic:_noun"
    ],
    [
      "*-ārī",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ārī#Proto-West_Germanic:_agent_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ere",
      "-ere#Old_English:_agent_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ere",
      "-ere#Middle_English:_agent_suffix"
    ],
    [
      "-ārius",
      "-arius#Latin:_agent_noun"
    ],
    [
      "-ier",
      "-ier#Old_French:_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#Middle_English:_agentive"
    ],
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#English:_agent_noun"
    ],
    [
      "back",
      "back#English:_rear"
    ],
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#English:_agent_noun"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "back<id:rear>",
        "4": "-er<id:agent noun>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.?\nProto-Germanic *baką\nProto-West Germanic *bak\nOld English bæc\nMiddle English bak\nEnglish back\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish backer\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"bend\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeg-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*baką\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"bæc\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bak\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"back\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-āsijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂s(i)yós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-eh₂so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-so-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"athematic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-os\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āsios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārijaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ārī\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agentive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":nom\", \"3\" : \"-ārius<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"title\" : \"-ārius\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"backer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"backer\">\nFrom back + -er.",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "back<id:rear>",
        "4": "-er<id:agent noun>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.?\nProto-Germanic *baką\nProto-West Germanic *bak\nOld English bæc\nMiddle English bak\nEnglish back\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish backer\nFrom back + -er.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeg-der.?\nProto-Germanic *baką\nProto-West Germanic *bak\nOld English bæc\nMiddle English bak\nEnglish back\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-os?\nProto-Indo-European *-o-\nProto-Indo-European *-so-\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-āsijos\nProto-Italic *-āsios\nLatin -āriusnom.\nLatin -āriusbor.\nProto-Germanic *-ārijaz\nProto-West Germanic *-ārī\nOld English -ere\nMiddle English -ere\n▲\nLatin -ārius\nOld French -ierbor.\nMiddle English -er\nEnglish -er\nEnglish backer\nFrom back + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "backers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "backer (plural backers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "One who, or that which, backs; especially one who backs an entrant in a contest, or who supports an enterprise by funding it."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "back",
          "back#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "fund",
          "fund"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbækɚ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-backer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ækɚ"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "lang_code": "af",
      "sense": "one who backs",
      "word": "borg"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "roman": "poddrăžnik",
      "sense": "one who backs",
      "word": "поддръжник"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "one who backs",
      "word": "tukija"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense": "one who backs",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stuðningsmaður"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "one who backs",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "assensor"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Māori",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "one who backs",
      "word": "kaitautoko"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "arka",
      "sense": "one who backs",
      "word": "آرقه"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "lang_code": "ota",
      "roman": "destek",
      "sense": "one who backs",
      "word": "دستك"
    }
  ],
  "word": "backer"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English agent nouns",
    "English comparative adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ækɚ",
    "Rhymes:English/ækɚ/2 syllables",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "comparative adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "backer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English comparative adjectives",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Phonetics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              79,
              85
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2005, Martin J. Ball, Nicole Müller, Phonetics for Communication Disorders, page 174:",
          "text": "/eɪ/ This diphthong is a glide from mid front tongue position toward a higher, backer position similar to that of /ɪ/.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "more back",
          "word": "back"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "comparative form of back: more back"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "phonetics",
          "phonetics"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back#English"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(phonetics) comparative form of back: more back"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "form-of"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "phonetics",
        "phonology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbækɚ/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-backer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-backer.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ækɚ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "backer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for backer meaning in English (13.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.