"Rock" meaning in English

See Rock in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

Audio: en-au-Rock.ogg
Etymology: * As an English surname, from the noun rock. Compare Roach. * Also as an English surname, misdivision of Middle English atter oke (“at the oak”). Compare Nock. * As an English occupational surname, from Old Norse rokkr (“distaff”). Compare Rocker. * As an Irish surname, translated from names like Mac Conchairge (“son of the hound of the rock”), from cú + carraig, see also McHarg. * As a German surname Röck, variant of the personal name Rocco, see Roche. * Also as a German surname, from the noun Rock (“skirt gown”). * As a French surname, shortened from Roquebrune, Rocquebrune (see Rocque) or Larock. Compare Roch. Etymology templates: {{der|en|enm|atter}} Middle English atter, {{der|en|non|rokkr|t=distaff}} Old Norse rokkr (“distaff”), {{der|en|ga|-}} Irish, {{der|en|de|-}} German, {{der|en|fr|-}} French Head templates: {{en-proper noun}} Rock
  1. A topographic surname from Middle English for someone living near a rock or an oak ( atter + oke ).
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-QNkr-Ea2 Categories (other): English surnames
  2. A male given name transferred from the surname. Categories (topical): English given names, English male given names
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-Vj3AlNl-
  3. A number of places in England:
    A coastal village in St Minver Lowlands parish, north Cornwall (OS grid ref SW9375).     Categories (place): Places in Cornwall, England, Places in England, Villages in Cornwall, England, Villages in England
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-XO1uDzxz
  4. A number of places in England:
    A hamlet in Membury parish, East Devon district, Devon (OS grid ref ST2702).     Categories (place): Places in Devon, England, Places in England, Villages in Devon, England, Villages in England
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-WixKR~fT
  5. A number of places in England:
    A village in Rennington parish, northern Northumberland (OS grid ref NU2020).     Categories (place): Places in England, Places in Northumberland, England, Villages in England, Villages in Northumberland, England
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-RIDnimFx
  6. A number of places in England:
    A hamlet in Curry Mallet parish, South Somerset district and North Curry parish, Somerset West and Taunton district, Somerset (OS grid ref ST3222).     Categories (place): Places in England, Places in Somerset, England, Villages in England, Villages in Somerset, England
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-Lv-mvR5u
  7. A number of places in England:
    A hamlet in Washington parish, Horsham district, West Sussex (OS grid ref TQ1214).     Categories (place): Places in England, Places in West Sussex, England, Villages in England, Villages in West Sussex, England
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-ClQrNCQu
  8. A number of places in England:
    A village and civil parish in Wyre Forest district, Worcestershire (OS grid ref SO7371).     Categories (place): Civil parishes of England, Places in England, Places in Worcestershire, England, Villages in England, Villages in Worcestershire, England
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-MD4G2Lx-
  9. A place in Wales:
    A hamlet in Blackwood community, Caerphilly county borough (OS grid ref ST1898).     Categories (place): Places in Caerphilly, Wales, Places in Wales, Villages in Caerphilly, Wales, Villages in Wales
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-fpYPz~Dy
  10. A place in Wales:
    A hamlet north-east of Cwmavon, Neath Port Talbot county borough (OS grid ref SS7993).     Categories (place): Places in Neath Port Talbot, Wales, Places in Wales, Villages in Neath Port Talbot, Wales, Villages in Wales
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-dbuIrRoG
  11. The Rock, a village south-west of Cookstown, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Categories (place): Places in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, Places in Northern Ireland, Villages in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, Villages in Northern Ireland
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-ww-vAUOI
  12. A number of places in the United States:
    An unincorporated community in Cowley County, Kansas.     Categories (topical): Nicknames Categories (place): Places in Kansas, USA, Places in the United States, Unincorporated communities in Kansas, USA, Unincorporated communities in the United States
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-3h4LlVD1 Disambiguation of Nicknames: 1 6 4 4 3 4 6 6 3 4 7 12 6 6 6 6 6 2 4 2 3 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 2 2 5 4 3 5 6 7 3 4 8 13 6 6 6 6 6 2 4 2 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 1 2 5 5 3 5 6 7 3 4 8 14 6 6 6 6 6 2 4 2 2 0 1 0 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 2 5 5 3 5 6 8 3 5 9 15 5 5 5 5 5 1 4 1 2 0 1 0 0
  13. A number of places in the United States:
    An unincorporated community in Maple Ridge Township, Delta County, Michigan.     Categories (place): Places in Michigan, USA, Places in the United States, Unincorporated communities in Michigan, USA, Unincorporated communities in the United States
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-xC7B94Ip
  14. A number of places in the United States:
    An unincorporated community in Mercer County, West Virginia.     Categories (place): Places in West Virginia, USA, Places in the United States, Unincorporated communities in West Virginia, USA, Unincorporated communities in the United States
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-3c5YbZu8
  15. A number of places in the United States:
    A town in Rock County, Wisconsin.     Categories (place): Places in Wisconsin, USA, Places in the United States, Towns in Wisconsin, USA, Towns in the United States
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-ruJE1XB4
  16. A number of places in the United States:
    A town in Wood County, Wisconsin.     Categories (place): Places in Wisconsin, USA, Places in the United States, Towns in Wisconsin, USA, Towns in the United States
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-tezj5lZb
  17. A number of places in the United States:
    A number of townships in the United States, listed under Rock Township.     Categories (place): Places in the United States, Townships
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-UacBKLkM
  18. the Rock
    (preceded by "the" or "The") Nickname of Gibraltar.
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-euLuJUXm
  19. the Rock
    (Australia, preceded by "the" or "The") Nickname of Uluru.     Tags: Australia
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-3BNTlZCR Categories (other): Australian English
  20. the Rock
    (preceded by "the" or "The") Nickname of the prison on Alcatraz Island, USA.
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-bWyefId2
  21. the Rock
    (Canada, preceded by "the" or "The") Nickname of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.     Tags: Canada
    Sense id: en-Rock-en-name-VjcSk3Jx Categories (other): Canadian English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: rock, Rock Ferry, the Rock, The Rock

Inflected forms

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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "atter"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English atter",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "rokkr",
        "t": "distaff"
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      "expansion": "Old Norse rokkr (“distaff”)",
      "name": "der"
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      "args": {
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        "3": "-"
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      "expansion": "Irish",
      "name": "der"
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      "args": {
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        "3": "-"
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      "expansion": "German",
      "name": "der"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "French",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* As an English surname, from the noun rock. Compare Roach.\n* Also as an English surname, misdivision of Middle English atter oke (“at the oak”). Compare Nock.\n* As an English occupational surname, from Old Norse rokkr (“distaff”). Compare Rocker.\n* As an Irish surname, translated from names like Mac Conchairge (“son of the hound of the rock”), from cú + carraig, see also McHarg.\n* As a German surname Röck, variant of the personal name Rocco, see Roche.\n* Also as a German surname, from the noun Rock (“skirt gown”).\n* As a French surname, shortened from Roquebrune, Rocquebrune (see Rocque) or Larock.\nCompare Roch.",
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      "_dis1": "3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 10 0 5 18 18 18 18",
      "word": "rock"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 10 0 5 18 18 18 18",
      "word": "Rock Ferry"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 10 0 5 18 18 18 18",
      "word": "the Rock"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 10 0 5 18 18 18 18",
      "word": "The Rock"
    }
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          "Newfoundland and Labrador",
          "Newfoundland and Labrador"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "preceded by \"the\" or \"The\"",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "the Rock",
        "(Canada, preceded by \"the\" or \"The\") Nickname of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "en-au-Rock.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/En-au-Rock.ogg/En-au-Rock.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/En-au-Rock.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Rock"
  ],
  "word": "Rock"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English proper nouns",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "en:Nicknames"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "atter"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English atter",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "rokkr",
        "t": "distaff"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse rokkr (“distaff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ga",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "German",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "French",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* As an English surname, from the noun rock. Compare Roach.\n* Also as an English surname, misdivision of Middle English atter oke (“at the oak”). Compare Nock.\n* As an English occupational surname, from Old Norse rokkr (“distaff”). Compare Rocker.\n* As an Irish surname, translated from names like Mac Conchairge (“son of the hound of the rock”), from cú + carraig, see also McHarg.\n* As a German surname Röck, variant of the personal name Rocco, see Roche.\n* Also as a German surname, from the noun Rock (“skirt gown”).\n* As a French surname, shortened from Roquebrune, Rocquebrune (see Rocque) or Larock.\nCompare Roch.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Rock",
      "name": "en-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "rock"
    },
    {
      "word": "Rock Ferry"
    },
    {
      "word": "the Rock"
    },
    {
      "word": "The Rock"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English surnames",
        "English surnames from Middle English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A topographic surname from Middle English for someone living near a rock or an oak ( atter + oke )."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "topographic",
          "topographic"
        ],
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ],
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ],
        [
          "oak",
          "oak"
        ],
        [
          "atter",
          "atter#Middle_English"
        ],
        [
          "oke",
          "oke#Middle_English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English given names",
        "English male given names",
        "English male given names from surnames"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A male given name transferred from the surname."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in Cornwall, England",
        "en:Places in England",
        "en:Villages in Cornwall, England",
        "en:Villages in England"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in England:",
        "A coastal village in St Minver Lowlands parish, north Cornwall (OS grid ref SW9375)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "England",
          "England#English"
        ],
        [
          "St Minver Lowlands",
          "St Minver Lowlands#English"
        ],
        [
          "Cornwall",
          "Cornwall#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in Devon, England",
        "en:Places in England",
        "en:Villages in Devon, England",
        "en:Villages in England"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in England:",
        "A hamlet in Membury parish, East Devon district, Devon (OS grid ref ST2702)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "England",
          "England#English"
        ],
        [
          "hamlet",
          "hamlet"
        ],
        [
          "Membury",
          "Membury#English"
        ],
        [
          "East Devon",
          "East Devon#English"
        ],
        [
          "Devon",
          "Devon#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in England",
        "en:Places in Northumberland, England",
        "en:Villages in England",
        "en:Villages in Northumberland, England"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in England:",
        "A village in Rennington parish, northern Northumberland (OS grid ref NU2020)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "England",
          "England#English"
        ],
        [
          "Rennington",
          "Rennington#English"
        ],
        [
          "Northumberland",
          "Northumberland#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in England",
        "en:Places in Somerset, England",
        "en:Villages in England",
        "en:Villages in Somerset, England"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in England:",
        "A hamlet in Curry Mallet parish, South Somerset district and North Curry parish, Somerset West and Taunton district, Somerset (OS grid ref ST3222)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "England",
          "England#English"
        ],
        [
          "hamlet",
          "hamlet"
        ],
        [
          "Curry Mallet",
          "Curry Mallet#English"
        ],
        [
          "South Somerset",
          "South Somerset#English"
        ],
        [
          "North Curry",
          "North Curry#English"
        ],
        [
          "Somerset West and Taunton",
          "Somerset West and Taunton#English"
        ],
        [
          "Somerset",
          "Somerset#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in England",
        "en:Places in West Sussex, England",
        "en:Villages in England",
        "en:Villages in West Sussex, England"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in England:",
        "A hamlet in Washington parish, Horsham district, West Sussex (OS grid ref TQ1214)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "England",
          "England#English"
        ],
        [
          "hamlet",
          "hamlet"
        ],
        [
          "Washington",
          "Washington#English"
        ],
        [
          "Horsham",
          "Horsham#English"
        ],
        [
          "West Sussex",
          "West Sussex#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Civil parishes of England",
        "en:Places in England",
        "en:Places in Worcestershire, England",
        "en:Villages in England",
        "en:Villages in Worcestershire, England"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in England:",
        "A village and civil parish in Wyre Forest district, Worcestershire (OS grid ref SO7371)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "England",
          "England#English"
        ],
        [
          "civil parish",
          "civil parish"
        ],
        [
          "Wyre Forest",
          "Wyre Forest#English"
        ],
        [
          "Worcestershire",
          "Worcestershire#English"
        ],
        [
          "OS",
          "OS"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in Caerphilly, Wales",
        "en:Places in Wales",
        "en:Villages in Caerphilly, Wales",
        "en:Villages in Wales"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A place in Wales:",
        "A hamlet in Blackwood community, Caerphilly county borough (OS grid ref ST1898)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Wales",
          "Wales#English"
        ],
        [
          "hamlet",
          "hamlet"
        ],
        [
          "Blackwood",
          "Blackwood#English"
        ],
        [
          "Caerphilly",
          "Caerphilly#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in Neath Port Talbot, Wales",
        "en:Places in Wales",
        "en:Villages in Neath Port Talbot, Wales",
        "en:Villages in Wales"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A place in Wales:",
        "A hamlet north-east of Cwmavon, Neath Port Talbot county borough (OS grid ref SS7993)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Wales",
          "Wales#English"
        ],
        [
          "hamlet",
          "hamlet"
        ],
        [
          "Cwmavon",
          "Cwmavon#English"
        ],
        [
          "Neath Port Talbot",
          "Neath Port Talbot#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland",
        "en:Places in Northern Ireland",
        "en:Villages in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland",
        "en:Villages in Northern Ireland"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The Rock, a village south-west of Cookstown, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Cookstown",
          "Cookstown#English"
        ],
        [
          "Tyrone",
          "Tyrone#English"
        ],
        [
          "Northern Ireland",
          "Northern Ireland#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in Kansas, USA",
        "en:Places in the United States",
        "en:Unincorporated communities in Kansas, USA",
        "en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in the United States:",
        "An unincorporated community in Cowley County, Kansas."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "United States",
          "United States#English"
        ],
        [
          "unincorporated",
          "unincorporated"
        ],
        [
          "community",
          "community"
        ],
        [
          "Cowley County",
          "Cowley County#English"
        ],
        [
          "Kansas",
          "Kansas#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in Michigan, USA",
        "en:Places in the United States",
        "en:Unincorporated communities in Michigan, USA",
        "en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in the United States:",
        "An unincorporated community in Maple Ridge Township, Delta County, Michigan."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "United States",
          "United States#English"
        ],
        [
          "unincorporated",
          "unincorporated"
        ],
        [
          "community",
          "community"
        ],
        [
          "Maple Ridge",
          "Maple Ridge#English"
        ],
        [
          "Delta County",
          "Delta County#English"
        ],
        [
          "Michigan",
          "Michigan#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in West Virginia, USA",
        "en:Places in the United States",
        "en:Unincorporated communities in West Virginia, USA",
        "en:Unincorporated communities in the United States"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in the United States:",
        "An unincorporated community in Mercer County, West Virginia."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "United States",
          "United States#English"
        ],
        [
          "unincorporated",
          "unincorporated"
        ],
        [
          "community",
          "community"
        ],
        [
          "Mercer County",
          "Mercer County#English"
        ],
        [
          "West Virginia",
          "West Virginia#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in Wisconsin, USA",
        "en:Places in the United States",
        "en:Towns in Wisconsin, USA",
        "en:Towns in the United States"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in the United States:",
        "A town in Rock County, Wisconsin."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "United States",
          "United States#English"
        ],
        [
          "Rock County",
          "Rock County#English"
        ],
        [
          "Wisconsin",
          "Wisconsin#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in Wisconsin, USA",
        "en:Places in the United States",
        "en:Towns in Wisconsin, USA",
        "en:Towns in the United States"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in the United States:",
        "A town in Wood County, Wisconsin."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "United States",
          "United States#English"
        ],
        [
          "Wood County",
          "Wood County#English"
        ],
        [
          "Wisconsin",
          "Wisconsin#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Places in the United States",
        "en:Townships"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A number of places in the United States:",
        "A number of townships in the United States, listed under Rock Township."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "United States",
          "United States#English"
        ],
        [
          "townships",
          "township"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the Rock",
        "Nickname of Gibraltar."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "the Rock",
          "the Rock#English"
        ],
        [
          "Nickname",
          "nickname"
        ],
        [
          "Gibraltar",
          "Gibraltar"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "preceded by \"the\" or \"The\"",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "the Rock",
        "(preceded by \"the\" or \"The\") Nickname of Gibraltar."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Australian English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Rock",
        "Nickname of Uluru."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "the Rock",
          "the Rock#English"
        ],
        [
          "Nickname",
          "nickname"
        ],
        [
          "Uluru",
          "Uluru"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "preceded by \"the\" or \"The\"",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "the Rock",
        "(Australia, preceded by \"the\" or \"The\") Nickname of Uluru."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the Rock",
        "Nickname of the prison on Alcatraz Island, USA."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "the Rock",
          "the Rock#English"
        ],
        [
          "prison",
          "prison"
        ],
        [
          "Alcatraz",
          "Alcatraz"
        ],
        [
          "Island",
          "island"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "preceded by \"the\" or \"The\"",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "the Rock",
        "(preceded by \"the\" or \"The\") Nickname of the prison on Alcatraz Island, USA."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Canadian English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Rock",
        "Nickname of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "the Rock",
          "the Rock#English"
        ],
        [
          "Newfoundland",
          "Newfoundland"
        ],
        [
          "Newfoundland and Labrador",
          "Newfoundland and Labrador"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "preceded by \"the\" or \"The\"",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "the Rock",
        "(Canada, preceded by \"the\" or \"The\") Nickname of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "en-au-Rock.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/En-au-Rock.ogg/En-au-Rock.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/En-au-Rock.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Rock"
  ],
  "word": "Rock"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Rock meaning in English (10.3kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.