See R&D in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "R&Ds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "R&D (usually uncountable, plural R&Ds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting",
"word": "Research and Development"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "en:Business",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English coordinated pairs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Initialism of Research and Development, a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting."
],
"id": "en-R&D-en-noun-002rLRkA",
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"Research",
"research#English"
],
[
"Development",
"development#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(business) Initialism of Research and Development, a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"initialism",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"business"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "R+D"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yánfā",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "研發 /研发"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "T&K"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "R&D"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳvleva da ganvitareba",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "კვლევა და განვითარება"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "F&E"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "F+E"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "FE"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "FuE"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "litbang"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kenkyū kaihatsu",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "研究開発"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "āru ando dī",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "R&D"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "FoU"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "AR-GE"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a department or office through which inmates arrive at and leave a prison",
"word": "Receiving and discharge or receiving and dismissal"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Prison",
"orig": "en:Prison",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Initialism of Receiving and discharge or receiving and dismissal, a department or office through which inmates arrive at and leave a prison."
],
"id": "en-R&D-en-noun-hkPjFxtE",
"links": [
[
"Receiving",
"receiving#English"
],
[
"discharge",
"discharge#English"
],
[
"receiving",
"receiving#English"
],
[
"dismissal",
"dismissal#English"
],
[
"inmate",
"inmate"
],
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"qualifier": "prison",
"raw_glosses": [
"(prison) Initialism of Receiving and discharge or receiving and dismissal, a department or office through which inmates arrive at and leave a prison."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"initialism",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"word": "R&D"
}
{
"categories": [
"English abbreviations",
"English coordinated pairs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms spelled with &",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English words without vowels",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Prison"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "R&Ds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "R&D (usually uncountable, plural R&Ds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting",
"word": "Research and Development"
}
],
"categories": [
"English initialisms",
"en:Business"
],
"glosses": [
"Initialism of Research and Development, a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting."
],
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"Research",
"research#English"
],
[
"Development",
"development#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(business) Initialism of Research and Development, a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"initialism",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"business"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a department or office through which inmates arrive at and leave a prison",
"word": "Receiving and discharge or receiving and dismissal"
}
],
"categories": [
"English initialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"Initialism of Receiving and discharge or receiving and dismissal, a department or office through which inmates arrive at and leave a prison."
],
"links": [
[
"Receiving",
"receiving#English"
],
[
"discharge",
"discharge#English"
],
[
"receiving",
"receiving#English"
],
[
"dismissal",
"dismissal#English"
],
[
"inmate",
"inmate"
],
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"qualifier": "prison",
"raw_glosses": [
"(prison) Initialism of Receiving and discharge or receiving and dismissal, a department or office through which inmates arrive at and leave a prison."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"initialism",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "R+D"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yánfā",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "研發 /研发"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "T&K"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "R&D"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳvleva da ganvitareba",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "კვლევა და განვითარება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "F&E"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "F+E"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "FE"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "FuE"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "litbang"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kenkyū kaihatsu",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "研究開発"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "āru ando dī",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "R&D"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "FoU"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Research and Development",
"word": "AR-GE"
}
],
"word": "R&D"
}
Download raw JSONL data for R&D meaning in English (4.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.