See Hawthorne effect in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q6253955",
"in": "1953",
"nobycat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Coined by American social psychologist John R. P. French in 1953",
"name": "coined"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined by American social psychologist John R. P. French in 1953 after a study conducted by Elton Mayo in 1924-1932 at the Hawthorne Works, a large factory complex in Cicero, Illinois (formerly Hawthorne).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Hawthorne effects",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Hawthorne effect (plural Hawthorne effects)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biases",
"orig": "en:Biases",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
43
]
],
"ref": "2002, Steve M. Jex, Organizational Psychology: A Scientist-Practitioner Approach, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 13:",
"text": "In modern organizations, a Hawthorne effect might occur when a relatively trivial change is made in a person's job, and that person initially responds to this change very positively but the effect does not last long.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
72,
88
]
],
"ref": "2006 October, Michiel AJ Kompier, “The “Hawthorne effect” is a myth, but what keeps the story going?”, in Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, volume 32, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 402–412:",
"text": "Even if methodological shortcomings were waived, there is no proof of a Hawthorne effect in the original data.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A phenomenon whereby a change in the behavior of a subject being studied is an effect of the change itself or the fact of being observed rather than the nature of the change in question."
],
"id": "en-Hawthorne_effect-en-noun-KO-WiWOX",
"links": [
[
"phenomenon",
"phenomenon"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"observe",
"observe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "observer bias"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "Hawthorne-ilmiö"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "effet Hawthorne"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Beobachtereffekt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hawthorne-Effekt"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "xótornskij effékt",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хо́торнский эффе́кт"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elton Mayo",
"Hawthorne Works"
]
}
],
"word": "Hawthorne effect"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q6253955",
"in": "1953",
"nobycat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Coined by American social psychologist John R. P. French in 1953",
"name": "coined"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined by American social psychologist John R. P. French in 1953 after a study conducted by Elton Mayo in 1924-1932 at the Hawthorne Works, a large factory complex in Cicero, Illinois (formerly Hawthorne).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Hawthorne effects",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Hawthorne effect (plural Hawthorne effects)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English coinages",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from toponyms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Translation table header lacks gloss",
"en:Biases"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
43
]
],
"ref": "2002, Steve M. Jex, Organizational Psychology: A Scientist-Practitioner Approach, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 13:",
"text": "In modern organizations, a Hawthorne effect might occur when a relatively trivial change is made in a person's job, and that person initially responds to this change very positively but the effect does not last long.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
72,
88
]
],
"ref": "2006 October, Michiel AJ Kompier, “The “Hawthorne effect” is a myth, but what keeps the story going?”, in Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, volume 32, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 402–412:",
"text": "Even if methodological shortcomings were waived, there is no proof of a Hawthorne effect in the original data.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A phenomenon whereby a change in the behavior of a subject being studied is an effect of the change itself or the fact of being observed rather than the nature of the change in question."
],
"links": [
[
"phenomenon",
"phenomenon"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"observe",
"observe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "observer bias"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elton Mayo",
"Hawthorne Works"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "Translations",
"word": "Hawthorne-ilmiö"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "effet Hawthorne"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Beobachtereffekt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hawthorne-Effekt"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "xótornskij effékt",
"sense": "Translations",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хо́торнский эффе́кт"
}
],
"word": "Hawthorne effect"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Hawthorne effect meaning in English (3.1kB)
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"Hawthorne effect",
"Template:coined",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:coinage:coinage()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "Hawthorne effect",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 200910373<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 12:22:12 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"Hawthorne effect",
"Template:coined",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:coinage:coinage()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "Hawthorne effect",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 187717776<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 26 Aug 2026 12:23:07 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.