See Fresno in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "es:fresno<t:ash tree>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵósder.\nProto-Italic *frā̆ksinos\nLatin fraxinus\nOld Spanish fresno\nSpanish fresnobor.\nEnglish Fresno\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"ash tree\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰerHǵós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frā̆ksinos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fraxinus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"fresno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"fresno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Fresno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Fresno\">\nBorrowed from Spanish fresno (“ash tree”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵósder.\nProto-Italic *frā̆ksinos\nLatin fraxinus\nOld Spanish fresno\nSpanish fresnobor.\nEnglish Fresno\nBorrowed from Spanish fresno (“ash tree”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Fresno",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cities in California, USA",
"orig": "en:Cities in California, USA",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cities in the United States",
"orig": "en:Cities in the United States",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "County seats of California, USA",
"orig": "en:County seats of California, USA",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fresno",
"orig": "en:Fresno",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in California, USA",
"orig": "en:Places in California, USA",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in the United States",
"orig": "en:Places in the United States",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 34 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 35 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 33 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 33 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
"word": "Fresno County"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
178,
184
]
],
"ref": "2025 July 27, Zoe Sottile, Julia Vargas Jones, “A Sacramento mother and her 8-month-old daughter have been missing for over 10 days”, in CNN, archived from the original on 29 Jul 2025:",
"text": "Desperate family members and authorities in central California are searching for a mother and her 8-month-old daughter, who haven’t been seen in almost two weeks since departing Fresno to return to their home near Sacramento.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A city, the county seat of Fresno County, in central California, United States."
],
"id": "en-Fresno-en-name-QBig75VX",
"links": [
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"county seat",
"county seat"
],
[
"Fresno County",
"Fresno County#English"
],
[
"California",
"California#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "84 4 4 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "Frezno",
"sense": "city in California",
"word": "Ֆրեզնո"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 4 4 7",
"code": "bg",
"english": "Fresno",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense": "city in California",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "Fresno",
"word": "Фресно"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Census-designated places in Ohio, USA",
"orig": "en:Census-designated places in Ohio, USA",
"parents": [
"Census-designated places",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Ohio, USA",
"orig": "en:Places in Ohio, USA",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in the United States",
"orig": "en:Places in the United States",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 34 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 35 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 33 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 33 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A census-designated place in White Eyes Township, Coshocton County, Ohio, United States."
],
"id": "en-Fresno-en-name-r-csV-o~",
"links": [
[
"census-designated place",
"census-designated place"
],
[
"White Eyes",
"White Eyes#English"
],
[
"Coshocton County",
"Coshocton County#English"
],
[
"Ohio",
"Ohio#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Census-designated places in Texas, USA",
"orig": "en:Census-designated places in Texas, USA",
"parents": [
"Census-designated places",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Texas, USA",
"orig": "en:Places in Texas, USA",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in the United States",
"orig": "en:Places in the United States",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 34 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 31 35 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 31 34 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 33 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 33 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A census-designated place in Fort Bend County, Texas, United States."
],
"id": "en-Fresno-en-name-cvmKzJuh",
"links": [
[
"census-designated place",
"census-designated place"
],
[
"Fort Bend County",
"Fort Bend County#English"
],
[
"Texas",
"Texas#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Municipalities of Colombia",
"orig": "en:Municipalities of Colombia",
"parents": [
"Municipalities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Colombia",
"orig": "en:Places in Colombia",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Towns in Colombia",
"orig": "en:Towns in Colombia",
"parents": [
"Towns",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A town and municipality in Tolima department, Colombia."
],
"id": "en-Fresno-en-name-pKVP0t9K",
"links": [
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"municipality",
"municipality"
],
[
"Tolima",
"Tolima#English"
],
[
"Colombia",
"Colombia#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɹɛznoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "Fresno"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Spanish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old Spanish",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from Spanish",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *bʰerHǵós",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Fresno County"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "es:fresno<t:ash tree>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵósder.\nProto-Italic *frā̆ksinos\nLatin fraxinus\nOld Spanish fresno\nSpanish fresnobor.\nEnglish Fresno\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"ash tree\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰerHǵós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*frā̆ksinos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fraxinus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Spanish\", \"term\" : \"fresno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"osp\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"fresno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"Fresno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"Fresno\">\nBorrowed from Spanish fresno (“ash tree”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵósder.\nProto-Italic *frā̆ksinos\nLatin fraxinus\nOld Spanish fresno\nSpanish fresnobor.\nEnglish Fresno\nBorrowed from Spanish fresno (“ash tree”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Fresno",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Cities in California, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:County seats of California, USA",
"en:Fresno",
"en:Places in California, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
178,
184
]
],
"ref": "2025 July 27, Zoe Sottile, Julia Vargas Jones, “A Sacramento mother and her 8-month-old daughter have been missing for over 10 days”, in CNN, archived from the original on 29 Jul 2025:",
"text": "Desperate family members and authorities in central California are searching for a mother and her 8-month-old daughter, who haven’t been seen in almost two weeks since departing Fresno to return to their home near Sacramento.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A city, the county seat of Fresno County, in central California, United States."
],
"links": [
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"county seat",
"county seat"
],
[
"Fresno County",
"Fresno County#English"
],
[
"California",
"California#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Census-designated places in Ohio, USA",
"en:Places in Ohio, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A census-designated place in White Eyes Township, Coshocton County, Ohio, United States."
],
"links": [
[
"census-designated place",
"census-designated place"
],
[
"White Eyes",
"White Eyes#English"
],
[
"Coshocton County",
"Coshocton County#English"
],
[
"Ohio",
"Ohio#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Census-designated places in Texas, USA",
"en:Places in Texas, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A census-designated place in Fort Bend County, Texas, United States."
],
"links": [
[
"census-designated place",
"census-designated place"
],
[
"Fort Bend County",
"Fort Bend County#English"
],
[
"Texas",
"Texas#English"
],
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Municipalities of Colombia",
"en:Places in Colombia",
"en:Towns in Colombia"
],
"glosses": [
"A town and municipality in Tolima department, Colombia."
],
"links": [
[
"town",
"town"
],
[
"municipality",
"municipality"
],
[
"Tolima",
"Tolima#English"
],
[
"Colombia",
"Colombia#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɹɛznoʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "Frezno",
"sense": "city in California",
"word": "Ֆրեզնո"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"english": "Fresno",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"sense": "city in California",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translation": "Fresno",
"word": "Фресно"
}
],
"word": "Fresno"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Fresno meaning in English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.