See Dungan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Dungan meaning in English (12.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "[Term?]",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "林涛"
},
"expansion": "林涛",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "东干语论稿"
},
"expansion": "东干语论稿",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東甘",
"lit": "Eastern Gansu",
"tr": "dōng Gān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東甘／东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "敦煌",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Dunhuang",
"tr": "Dūnhuáng"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "潼關",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Tong Pass",
"tr": "Tóngguān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 潼關／潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": "",
"lit": "staying behind",
"tr": "turupqaighan"
},
"expansion": "[Term?] (turupqaighan, literally “staying behind”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東岸",
"lit": "eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side",
"tr": "dōng'àn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東岸／东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "海峰"
},
"expansion": "海峰",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "屯墾",
"tr": "túnkěn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 屯墾／屯垦 (túnkěn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym. Chinese scholar Lin Tao (林涛) lists possible etymologies in the first chapter of Donggan yü lungao (东干语论稿, 2007):\n* From Chinese 東甘／东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”).\n* From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu).\n* From Chinese 潼關／潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity.\n* From Turkic [Term?] (turupqaighan, literally “staying behind”).\n* From Chinese 東岸／东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side”), in reference to the Fen River.\nHai Feng (海峰) proposes in a 2005 paper (https://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfdtotal-saga20050100e.htm) that it is from Chinese 屯墾／屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "Dungan pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A Muslim people originally from north-west China who currently reside in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia."
],
"id": "en-Dungan-en-noun-9THV0IEn",
"links": [
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Kazakhstan",
"Kazakhstan"
],
[
"Kyrgyzstan",
"Kyrgyzstan"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Hui"
}
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-only"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "hueyzw",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзў"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "hueyhuey",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйхуэй"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "hueyzwřɨn",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзўжын"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "hueymin",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэймин"
},
{
"alt": "中原人 (zhōngyuánrén)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "žun-i͡anřɨn",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "җун-янжын"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "lohueyhuey",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "лохуэйхуэй"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "dungan",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "дунган"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "people",
"word": "東干人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Dōnggānrén",
"sense": "people",
"word": "东干人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "people",
"word": "東干族"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Dōnggānzú",
"sense": "people",
"word": "东干族"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dungan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dungane"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dunganin"
},
{
"alt": "ドンガンじん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "donganjin",
"sense": "people",
"word": "ドンガン人"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "düñen",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дүнген"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "dungan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дунган"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "duŋgan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дуңган"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dungánin",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нин"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dungánka",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дунга́нка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dungano"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "people",
"word": "Dungan"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "tunggan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "تۇڭگان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "people",
"word": "dungan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋɡɑːn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Tungan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Tungani"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "Dungani"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bai Yanhu",
"Dungan",
"Fen River",
"Tong Pass"
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "[Term?]",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "林涛"
},
"expansion": "林涛",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "东干语论稿"
},
"expansion": "东干语论稿",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東甘",
"lit": "Eastern Gansu",
"tr": "dōng Gān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東甘／东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "敦煌",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Dunhuang",
"tr": "Dūnhuáng"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "潼關",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Tong Pass",
"tr": "Tóngguān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 潼關／潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": "",
"lit": "staying behind",
"tr": "turupqaighan"
},
"expansion": "[Term?] (turupqaighan, literally “staying behind”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東岸",
"lit": "eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side",
"tr": "dōng'àn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東岸／东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "海峰"
},
"expansion": "海峰",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "屯墾",
"tr": "túnkěn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 屯墾／屯垦 (túnkěn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym. Chinese scholar Lin Tao (林涛) lists possible etymologies in the first chapter of Donggan yü lungao (东干语论稿, 2007):\n* From Chinese 東甘／东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”).\n* From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu).\n* From Chinese 潼關／潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity.\n* From Turkic [Term?] (turupqaighan, literally “staying behind”).\n* From Chinese 東岸／东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side”), in reference to the Fen River.\nHai Feng (海峰) proposes in a 2005 paper (https://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfdtotal-saga20050100e.htm) that it is from Chinese 屯墾／屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Dungan",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pluralia tantum",
"parents": [
"Pluralia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Languages",
"orig": "en:Languages",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Sinitic language of this people, a Mandarin dialect written in the Cyrillic script."
],
"id": "en-Dungan-en-name-NZMjbmQl",
"links": [
[
"Sinitic",
"Sinitic"
],
[
"Mandarin",
"Mandarin"
],
[
"Cyrillic",
"Cyrillic"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回話"
},
{
"alt": "wui⁴ wui⁴ wa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回话"
},
{
"alt": "回族語言／回族语言 (huízú yǔyán)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "hueyzw yüi͡an",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзў йүян"
},
{
"alt": "中原話／中原话 (Zhōngyuánhuà)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "žun-i͡an hua",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "җун-ян хуа"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回話"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huíhuihuà",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回话"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "language",
"word": "東干語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dōnggànyǔ",
"sense": "language",
"word": "东干语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回族語言"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huízú yǔyán",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回族语言"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doungane"
},
{
"alt": "ドンガンご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dongango",
"sense": "language",
"word": "ドンガン語"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "düñen tılı",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дүнген тілі"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "düñenşe",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дүнгенше"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dungganeo",
"sense": "language",
"word": "둥간어"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "dungan tili",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дунган тили"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "duŋganca",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дуңганча"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dungánskij",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dungánskij jazýk",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нский язы́к"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dungano"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "language",
"word": "dungan dili"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "tunggan tili",
"sense": "language",
"word": "تۇڭگان تىلى"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "language",
"word": "dungan tili"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋɡɑːn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Tungan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Tungani"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "Dungani"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bai Yanhu",
"Dungan",
"Fen River",
"Tong Pass"
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English pluralia tantum",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms borrowed from Turkic languages",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Turkic languages",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Languages"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "[Term?]",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "林涛"
},
"expansion": "林涛",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "东干语论稿"
},
"expansion": "东干语论稿",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東甘",
"lit": "Eastern Gansu",
"tr": "dōng Gān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東甘／东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "敦煌",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Dunhuang",
"tr": "Dūnhuáng"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "潼關",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Tong Pass",
"tr": "Tóngguān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 潼關／潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": "",
"lit": "staying behind",
"tr": "turupqaighan"
},
"expansion": "[Term?] (turupqaighan, literally “staying behind”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東岸",
"lit": "eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side",
"tr": "dōng'àn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東岸／东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "海峰"
},
"expansion": "海峰",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "屯墾",
"tr": "túnkěn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 屯墾／屯垦 (túnkěn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym. Chinese scholar Lin Tao (林涛) lists possible etymologies in the first chapter of Donggan yü lungao (东干语论稿, 2007):\n* From Chinese 東甘／东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”).\n* From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu).\n* From Chinese 潼關／潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity.\n* From Turkic [Term?] (turupqaighan, literally “staying behind”).\n* From Chinese 東岸／东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side”), in reference to the Fen River.\nHai Feng (海峰) proposes in a 2005 paper (https://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfdtotal-saga20050100e.htm) that it is from Chinese 屯墾／屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p"
},
"expansion": "Dungan pl (plural only)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Hui"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A Muslim people originally from north-west China who currently reside in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia."
],
"links": [
[
"Muslim",
"Muslim"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Kazakhstan",
"Kazakhstan"
],
[
"Kyrgyzstan",
"Kyrgyzstan"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia"
]
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋɡɑːn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Tungan"
},
{
"word": "Tungani"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "Dungani"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "hueyzw",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзў"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "hueyhuey",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйхуэй"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "hueyzwřɨn",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзўжын"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "hueymin",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэймин"
},
{
"alt": "中原人 (zhōngyuánrén)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "žun-i͡anřɨn",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "җун-янжын"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "lohueyhuey",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "лохуэйхуэй"
},
{
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "dungan",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "дунган"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "people",
"word": "東干人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Dōnggānrén",
"sense": "people",
"word": "东干人"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "people",
"word": "東干族"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Dōnggānzú",
"sense": "people",
"word": "东干族"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dungan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dungane"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dunganin"
},
{
"alt": "ドンガンじん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "donganjin",
"sense": "people",
"word": "ドンガン人"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "düñen",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дүнген"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "dungan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дунган"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "duŋgan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "дуңган"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dungánin",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нин"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dungánka",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дунга́нка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dungano"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "people",
"word": "Dungan"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "tunggan",
"sense": "people",
"word": "تۇڭگان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "people",
"word": "dungan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bai Yanhu",
"Dungan",
"Fen River",
"Tong Pass"
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English pluralia tantum",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms borrowed from Turkic languages",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Turkic languages",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Languages"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "[Term?]",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "林涛"
},
"expansion": "林涛",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "东干语论稿"
},
"expansion": "东干语论稿",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東甘",
"lit": "Eastern Gansu",
"tr": "dōng Gān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東甘／东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "敦煌",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Dunhuang",
"tr": "Dūnhuáng"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "潼關",
"pos": "in Gansu",
"t": "Tong Pass",
"tr": "Tóngguān"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 潼關／潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": "",
"lit": "staying behind",
"tr": "turupqaighan"
},
"expansion": "[Term?] (turupqaighan, literally “staying behind”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "東岸",
"lit": "eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side",
"tr": "dōng'àn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 東岸／东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "海峰"
},
"expansion": "海峰",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "屯墾",
"tr": "túnkěn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 屯墾／屯垦 (túnkěn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym. Chinese scholar Lin Tao (林涛) lists possible etymologies in the first chapter of Donggan yü lungao (东干语论稿, 2007):\n* From Chinese 東甘／东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”).\n* From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu).\n* From Chinese 潼關／潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity.\n* From Turkic [Term?] (turupqaighan, literally “staying behind”).\n* From Chinese 東岸／东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast; or perhaps, eastern side”), in reference to the Fen River.\nHai Feng (海峰) proposes in a 2005 paper (https://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfdtotal-saga20050100e.htm) that it is from Chinese 屯墾／屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Dungan",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The Sinitic language of this people, a Mandarin dialect written in the Cyrillic script."
],
"links": [
[
"Sinitic",
"Sinitic"
],
[
"Mandarin",
"Mandarin"
],
[
"Cyrillic",
"Cyrillic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʊŋɡɑːn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Tungan"
},
{
"word": "Tungani"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "Dungani"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回話"
},
{
"alt": "wui⁴ wui⁴ wa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回话"
},
{
"alt": "回族語言／回族语言 (huízú yǔyán)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "hueyzw yüi͡an",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "хуэйзў йүян"
},
{
"alt": "中原話／中原话 (Zhōngyuánhuà)",
"code": "dng",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "žun-i͡an hua",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"Dungan"
],
"word": "җун-ян хуа"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回話"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huíhuihuà",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回回话"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "language",
"word": "東干語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dōnggànyǔ",
"sense": "language",
"word": "东干语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回族語言"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huízú yǔyán",
"sense": "language",
"word": "回族语言"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "doungane"
},
{
"alt": "ドンガンご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dongango",
"sense": "language",
"word": "ドンガン語"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "düñen tılı",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дүнген тілі"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "düñenşe",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дүнгенше"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dungganeo",
"sense": "language",
"word": "둥간어"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "dungan tili",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дунган тили"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "duŋganca",
"sense": "language",
"word": "дуңганча"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dungánskij",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dungánskij jazýk",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дунга́нский язы́к"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dungano"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "language",
"word": "dungan dili"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "tunggan tili",
"sense": "language",
"word": "تۇڭگان تىلى"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "language",
"word": "dungan tili"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Bai Yanhu",
"Dungan",
"Fen River",
"Tong Pass"
],
"word": "Dungan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.