"Ch'in" meaning in English

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  "etymology_text": "From Mandarin 秦 (Qín), Wade–Giles romanization: Chʻin².",
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        {
          "ref": "1991, Peng-Yoke Ho, “Ch’in Chiu-shao”, in Biographical Dictionary of Mathematicians: Reference Biographies from the Dictionary of Scientific Biography, volume 1, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 481, column 2",
          "text": "The Mongols invaded Szechuan in 1236, and Ch’in fled to the east, where he first became a vice-administrator (t’ung-p’an) in Ch’i-chou prefecture (now Ch’i-ch’un in Hupeh province) and then governor of Ho-chou (now Ho-hsien in Anhwei province).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, William Mulligan, “Empire and Nations, 1915”, in The Great War for Peace, Yale University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 130",
          "text": "Ch’in Li-chun, who had studied Japanese and now worked for a Japanese railway company in Shantung province, committed suicide. ‘The Japanese language I had studied in Japan for ten years,’ he wrote in his suicide note, ‘suddenly went out of my mind due to the stimulus on May 7; I was therefore not able to serve the company. I could not provide food and clothes for my family so I had to die.’",
          "type": "quotation"
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        "A surname from Mandarin"
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        {
          "ref": "1940, H.Y. (盧興源) Lowe, “The Story of Ch’ui P’ing”, in The Adventures of Wu: The Life Cycle of a Peking Man, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, published 1983, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 146–147",
          "text": "There lived a young political genius, not more than thirty years of age, by the name of Ch’ui P’ing (he is better known to the Chinese as Ch’ui Yuan). Young Ch’ui hailed from a rich and influential family of nobles and before long he won the confidence of the then Ch’u emperor, Hwai Wang, and was appointed to a high administrative position. He made recommendations in lengthy memorials and advocated giving the citizens of Ch’u a new deal and a square one at that. The emperor had taken him in as his right hand man allowing him a free hand in the politico-military situation with a high-sounding title which would translates no less than Supreme Crown Adviser and Expert Consultant, and entrusted to him the important duties, on account of his diplomatic acumen, of an ambassador-at-large on a politically inspired tour of the various minor states, notably the Kingdom of Ch’i (the present Shantung province) in an attempt to negotiate some alliance of joint action in defending themselves against the expansionists schemes of the Kingdom of Ch’in, whose domain then was roughly the present Shensi province. He almost succeeded in his mission.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1962, Leonard Cottrell, The Tiger of Chʻin: The Dramatic Emergence of China as a Nation, Holt Reinhart and Winston, page 220",
          "text": "In this \"Memorial,\" his last appeal to the emperor, Li Ssu described his long life of service to the state of Ch'in. He recalled the day when, as a young, unknown scholar, he had entered the service of the minister Lu Pu-wei. In those days, he wrote, \"Ch'in 's territory did not exceed a thousand li and its soldiers did not number more than a hundred thousand.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1965, Cho-yun Hsu, Ancient China in Transition An Analysis of Social Mobility, 722-222 B.C., Stanford University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 45",
          "text": "Lu Pu-wei was a prosperous businessman in the large city of Han-tan in Chao, where he met a prince of Ch'in who was being kept as hostage in the capital.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1980, Laurence A. Schneider, A Madman of Ch'u: The Chinese Myth of Loyalty and Dissent, University of California Press, →OCLC, page 174",
          "text": "A bit of local lore claims that this mound is actually one of twelve in the area. The others were decoys, raised by the people to confuse the \"traitors of Ch'u and the troops of Ch'in who would have desecrated the Corpse of Ch'ü Yüan.\"",
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      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of Qin"
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    "Cambridge University Press",
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    "University of Chicago Press"
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  "etymology_text": "From Mandarin 秦 (Qín), Wade–Giles romanization: Chʻin².",
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          "ref": "1991, Peng-Yoke Ho, “Ch’in Chiu-shao”, in Biographical Dictionary of Mathematicians: Reference Biographies from the Dictionary of Scientific Biography, volume 1, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 481, column 2",
          "text": "The Mongols invaded Szechuan in 1236, and Ch’in fled to the east, where he first became a vice-administrator (t’ung-p’an) in Ch’i-chou prefecture (now Ch’i-ch’un in Hupeh province) and then governor of Ho-chou (now Ho-hsien in Anhwei province).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, William Mulligan, “Empire and Nations, 1915”, in The Great War for Peace, Yale University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 130",
          "text": "Ch’in Li-chun, who had studied Japanese and now worked for a Japanese railway company in Shantung province, committed suicide. ‘The Japanese language I had studied in Japan for ten years,’ he wrote in his suicide note, ‘suddenly went out of my mind due to the stimulus on May 7; I was therefore not able to serve the company. I could not provide food and clothes for my family so I had to die.’",
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          "ref": "1940, H.Y. (盧興源) Lowe, “The Story of Ch’ui P’ing”, in The Adventures of Wu: The Life Cycle of a Peking Man, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, published 1983, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 146–147",
          "text": "There lived a young political genius, not more than thirty years of age, by the name of Ch’ui P’ing (he is better known to the Chinese as Ch’ui Yuan). Young Ch’ui hailed from a rich and influential family of nobles and before long he won the confidence of the then Ch’u emperor, Hwai Wang, and was appointed to a high administrative position. He made recommendations in lengthy memorials and advocated giving the citizens of Ch’u a new deal and a square one at that. The emperor had taken him in as his right hand man allowing him a free hand in the politico-military situation with a high-sounding title which would translates no less than Supreme Crown Adviser and Expert Consultant, and entrusted to him the important duties, on account of his diplomatic acumen, of an ambassador-at-large on a politically inspired tour of the various minor states, notably the Kingdom of Ch’i (the present Shantung province) in an attempt to negotiate some alliance of joint action in defending themselves against the expansionists schemes of the Kingdom of Ch’in, whose domain then was roughly the present Shensi province. He almost succeeded in his mission.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1962, Leonard Cottrell, The Tiger of Chʻin: The Dramatic Emergence of China as a Nation, Holt Reinhart and Winston, page 220",
          "text": "In this \"Memorial,\" his last appeal to the emperor, Li Ssu described his long life of service to the state of Ch'in. He recalled the day when, as a young, unknown scholar, he had entered the service of the minister Lu Pu-wei. In those days, he wrote, \"Ch'in 's territory did not exceed a thousand li and its soldiers did not number more than a hundred thousand.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1965, Cho-yun Hsu, Ancient China in Transition An Analysis of Social Mobility, 722-222 B.C., Stanford University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 45",
          "text": "Lu Pu-wei was a prosperous businessman in the large city of Han-tan in Chao, where he met a prince of Ch'in who was being kept as hostage in the capital.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1980, Laurence A. Schneider, A Madman of Ch'u: The Chinese Myth of Loyalty and Dissent, University of California Press, →OCLC, page 174",
          "text": "A bit of local lore claims that this mound is actually one of twelve in the area. The others were decoys, raised by the people to confuse the \"traitors of Ch'u and the troops of Ch'in who would have desecrated the Corpse of Ch'ü Yüan.\"",
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        "Alternative form of Qin"
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  "word": "Ch'in"
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