See Brutalism in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brutal",
"3": "ism"
},
"expansion": "brutal + -ism",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sv",
"3": "nybrutalism",
"gloss": "New Brutalism"
},
"expansion": "Swedish nybrutalism (“New Brutalism”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "béton brut",
"gloss": "raw concrete"
},
"expansion": "French béton brut (“raw concrete”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From brutal + -ism. Popularized in 1954 by the English architects Alison and Peter Smithson, from earlier Swedish nybrutalism (“New Brutalism”), after French béton brut (“raw concrete”), the material favored by Le Corbusier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Brutalism (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "en:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Brutalist"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, Katherine Shonfield, Walls Have Feelings: architecture, film and the city, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), page 20:",
"text": "In similar spirit, Nigel Henderson, a member of the Independent Group's Brutalist core, exhibited black and white photographs of the East End at the 1953 ICA show Parallel of Life and Art which stressed the unsanitised reality of everyday life: Peter Smithson's defence of Brutalism through the categorical rhetoric of objectivity and truth, quoted above, echoes Anderson.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "2004, B. M. Boyle, Brutalism, R. Stephen Sennott (editor), Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture, Volume 1: A-F, Taylor & Francis (Fitzroy Dearborn), page 181,\nNonetheless, despite its radical appearance, Brutalism could claim, if not legitimacy, at least ancestry in pre-World War II modernism."
},
{
"ref": "2005, Rodney Bolt, Bavaria, Cadogan Guides, page 26:",
"text": "The trend towards Brutalism - an austere style that had its origins in the Bauhaus and is characterized by its emphasis on the building materials (especially bare concrete) and unconcealed service pipes - did little to improve the situation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A style of modernist architecture characterized by angular geometry and overt signs of the construction process."
],
"id": "en-Brutalism-en-noun-VHWdHWbt",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"modernist",
"modernist"
],
[
"angular",
"angular"
],
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) A style of modernist architecture characterized by angular geometry and overt signs of the construction process."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "New Brutalism"
},
{
"word": "brutalism"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brutalisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "粗獷主義"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūguǎngzhǔyì",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "粗犷主义"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "粗野主義"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūyězhǔyì",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "粗野主义"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "brutalismi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "betonibrutalismi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Brutalismus"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brutalismo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "burutalizumu",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "ブルータリズム"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "brutalizam",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брутализам"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brutalizm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brutalismo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brutalismo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Briwtaliaeth"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alison and Peter Smithson",
"Le Corbusier"
]
}
],
"word": "Brutalism"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Brutalist"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brutal",
"3": "ism"
},
"expansion": "brutal + -ism",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sv",
"3": "nybrutalism",
"gloss": "New Brutalism"
},
"expansion": "Swedish nybrutalism (“New Brutalism”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "béton brut",
"gloss": "raw concrete"
},
"expansion": "French béton brut (“raw concrete”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From brutal + -ism. Popularized in 1954 by the English architects Alison and Peter Smithson, from earlier Swedish nybrutalism (“New Brutalism”), after French béton brut (“raw concrete”), the material favored by Le Corbusier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Brutalism (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Swedish",
"English terms suffixed with -ism",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Architecture"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2000, Katherine Shonfield, Walls Have Feelings: architecture, film and the city, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), page 20:",
"text": "In similar spirit, Nigel Henderson, a member of the Independent Group's Brutalist core, exhibited black and white photographs of the East End at the 1953 ICA show Parallel of Life and Art which stressed the unsanitised reality of everyday life: Peter Smithson's defence of Brutalism through the categorical rhetoric of objectivity and truth, quoted above, echoes Anderson.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "2004, B. M. Boyle, Brutalism, R. Stephen Sennott (editor), Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture, Volume 1: A-F, Taylor & Francis (Fitzroy Dearborn), page 181,\nNonetheless, despite its radical appearance, Brutalism could claim, if not legitimacy, at least ancestry in pre-World War II modernism."
},
{
"ref": "2005, Rodney Bolt, Bavaria, Cadogan Guides, page 26:",
"text": "The trend towards Brutalism - an austere style that had its origins in the Bauhaus and is characterized by its emphasis on the building materials (especially bare concrete) and unconcealed service pipes - did little to improve the situation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A style of modernist architecture characterized by angular geometry and overt signs of the construction process."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"modernist",
"modernist"
],
[
"angular",
"angular"
],
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) A style of modernist architecture characterized by angular geometry and overt signs of the construction process."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "New Brutalism"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alison and Peter Smithson",
"Le Corbusier"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brutalism"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brutalisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "粗獷主義"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūguǎngzhǔyì",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "粗犷主义"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "粗野主義"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cūyězhǔyì",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "粗野主义"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "brutalismi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "betonibrutalismi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Brutalismus"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brutalismo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "burutalizumu",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"word": "ブルータリズム"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "brutalizam",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брутализам"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brutalizm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brutalismo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brutalismo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "style of modernist architecture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Briwtaliaeth"
}
],
"word": "Brutalism"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Brutalism meaning in English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.