See -by in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "býr",
"t": "settlement"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse býr (“settlement”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Old Norse býr (“settlement”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-by (proper noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "en-prop"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Habitation."
],
"id": "en--by-en-suffix-3kE7G-J-",
"links": [
[
"Habitation",
"habitation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in place names) Habitation."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in place names"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-by"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "býr",
"t": "settlement"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse býr (“settlement”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Old Norse býr (“settlement”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-by (proper noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "en-prop"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Habitation."
],
"links": [
[
"Habitation",
"habitation#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in place names) Habitation."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in place names"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-by"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -by meaning in English (0.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: proper noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-by"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-by",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.