English Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

ring/English/verb

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ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (turn)", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old Gujarati terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Georgian translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for translations into Burmese", "Requests for translations into French", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aragonese translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bemba translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Brunei Malay translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chamorro translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Corsican translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Gagauz translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Karachay-Balkar translations", "Terms with Karakalpak translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khakas translations", "Terms with Khalaj translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikuyu translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kumyk translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Limburgish translations", "Terms with Lingala translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maguindanao translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Nogai translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Gujarati translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shor translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarantino translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Tausug translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Tutong translations", "Terms with Tuvan translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring-fence"}, {"word": "ringfence"}, {"word": "ring in"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ker- (turn)"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ryng"}, "expansion": "Middle English ryng", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hring", "4": "", "5": "ring, circle"}, "expansion": "Old English hring (“ring, circle”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hring"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hring", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringaz", "4": "", "5": "ring"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)krengʰ-"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "rank", "3": "rink"}, "expansion": "Doublet of rank and rink", "name": "doublet"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "range", "notext": "1"}, "expansion": "range", "name": "dbt"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "West Frisian ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "Low German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Dutch ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Swedish ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fi", "2": "rengas"}, "expansion": "Finnish rengas", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.\nCognates\n* West Frisian ring\n* Low German Ring\n* Dutch ring\n* German Ring\n* Swedish ring\n* Finnish rengas", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past and past participle ringed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The inner city was ringed with dingy industrial areas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: Eastbourne”, in RAIL, number 948, page 27:", "text": "Today, when stepping off the train, you're presented with a bright and airy concourse that's ringed with a variety of facilities.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To enclose or surround."], "links": [["enclose", "enclose"], ["surround", "surround#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To enclose or surround."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They ringed the trees to make the clearing easier next year.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 50:", "text": "The ironbark trees are \"rung\" at a certain height top and bottom, and the bark detached in one sheet; it is then wetted, and laid out flat on the ground, huge stones being placed to keep it from rolling up again.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "links": [["incision", "incision"], ["girdle", "girdle#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, figuratively) To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "tags": ["figuratively", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "We managed to ring 22 birds this morning.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1919, Popular Science, volume 95, number 4, page 31:", "text": "Ringing a pig of ordinary size is easy, but special arrangements must be made for handling the big ones.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["ring", "ring#Noun"], ["identification", "identification"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to ring a pig’s snout", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:", "text": "Ring these fingers with thy household worms.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "links": [["fit", "fit#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Falconry"], "examples": [{"ref": "1877 May 30, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “The Windhover: To Christ Our Lord”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 29:", "text": "[…] how he rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing / In his ecstacy!", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To rise in the air spirally."], "links": [["falconry", "falconry"], ["rise", "rise#Verb"], ["air", "air#Noun"], ["spirally", "spirally"]], "raw_glosses": ["(falconry) To rise in the air spirally."], "topics": ["falconry", "hobbies", "hunting", "lifestyle"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "A. Woodley, Trio: 3 short stories\nGabe said that as Derry had only caught part of the conversation, it's possible that they were discussing a film, it was bad enough that they'd unwittingly been brought into ringing cars, adding drugs into it was far more than either of them could ever be comfortable with."}, {"ref": "2019 (10 December), Ross McCarthy, Digbeth chop shop gang jailed over £2m stolen car racket (in Birmingham Live) https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/digbeth-chop-shop-gang-jailed-17393456", "text": "They used two bases in Digbeth to break down luxury motors, some of which were carjacked or stolen after keys were taken in house raids. The parts were then fitted to salvaged cars bought online. […] Jailing the quartet, a judge at Birmingham Crown Court said it was a \"car ringing on a commercial and substantial scale\"."}], "glosses": ["To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "links": [["steal", "steal"], ["identity", "identity"], ["car", "car"], ["resell", "resell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 289:", "text": "‘I was ringing for your dad out there at Haddon Hill the year you was born. It was a good year for calves.’", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "links": [["drover", "drover"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Australia, transitive) To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "tags": ["Australia", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ograždam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ограждам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obkrǎžavam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "обкръжавам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "omringen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ympäröidä"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "gars šemoxveva", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "გარს შემოხვევა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "alq̇is šemorṭq̇ma", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ალყის შემორტყმა"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gherāv", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "घेराव"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülvesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körbevesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "bekerít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülzár"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kakomu", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "囲む"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "cingō"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "otaczać"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružátʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окружа́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružítʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окружи́ть"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrjazvam", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "обрязвам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "kaulata"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oprǎstenjavam", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "опръстенявам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "beringen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "meggyűrűz"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "inanellare"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "obrączkować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zaobrączkować"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcóvyvatʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окольцо́вывать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcevátʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окольцева́ть"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "word": "kaarrella"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kružítʹ", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кружи́ть"}], "word": "ring"}

ring (verb) ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (turn)", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old Gujarati terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Georgian translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for translations into Burmese", "Requests for translations into French", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aragonese translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bemba translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Brunei Malay translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chamorro translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Corsican translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Gagauz translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Karachay-Balkar translations", "Terms with Karakalpak translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khakas translations", "Terms with Khalaj translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikuyu translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kumyk translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Limburgish translations", "Terms with Lingala translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maguindanao translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Nogai translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Gujarati translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shor translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarantino translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Tausug translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Tutong translations", "Terms with Tuvan translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring-fence"}, {"word": "ringfence"}, {"word": "ring in"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ker- (turn)"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ryng"}, "expansion": "Middle English ryng", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hring", "4": "", "5": "ring, circle"}, "expansion": "Old English hring (“ring, circle”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hring"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hring", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringaz", "4": "", "5": "ring"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)krengʰ-"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "rank", "3": "rink"}, "expansion": "Doublet of rank and rink", "name": "doublet"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "range", "notext": "1"}, "expansion": "range", "name": "dbt"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "West Frisian ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "Low German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Dutch ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Swedish ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fi", "2": "rengas"}, "expansion": "Finnish rengas", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.\nCognates\n* West Frisian ring\n* Low German Ring\n* Dutch ring\n* German Ring\n* Swedish ring\n* Finnish rengas", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past and past participle ringed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The inner city was ringed with dingy industrial areas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: Eastbourne”, in RAIL, number 948, page 27:", "text": "Today, when stepping off the train, you're presented with a bright and airy concourse that's ringed with a variety of facilities.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To enclose or surround."], "links": [["enclose", "enclose"], ["surround", "surround#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To enclose or surround."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They ringed the trees to make the clearing easier next year.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 50:", "text": "The ironbark trees are \"rung\" at a certain height top and bottom, and the bark detached in one sheet; it is then wetted, and laid out flat on the ground, huge stones being placed to keep it from rolling up again.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "links": [["incision", "incision"], ["girdle", "girdle#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, figuratively) To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "tags": ["figuratively", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "We managed to ring 22 birds this morning.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1919, Popular Science, volume 95, number 4, page 31:", "text": "Ringing a pig of ordinary size is easy, but special arrangements must be made for handling the big ones.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["ring", "ring#Noun"], ["identification", "identification"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to ring a pig’s snout", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:", "text": "Ring these fingers with thy household worms.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "links": [["fit", "fit#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Falconry"], "examples": [{"ref": "1877 May 30, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “The Windhover: To Christ Our Lord”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 29:", "text": "[…] how he rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing / In his ecstacy!", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To rise in the air spirally."], "links": [["falconry", "falconry"], ["rise", "rise#Verb"], ["air", "air#Noun"], ["spirally", "spirally"]], "raw_glosses": ["(falconry) To rise in the air spirally."], "topics": ["falconry", "hobbies", "hunting", "lifestyle"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "A. Woodley, Trio: 3 short stories\nGabe said that as Derry had only caught part of the conversation, it's possible that they were discussing a film, it was bad enough that they'd unwittingly been brought into ringing cars, adding drugs into it was far more than either of them could ever be comfortable with."}, {"ref": "2019 (10 December), Ross McCarthy, Digbeth chop shop gang jailed over £2m stolen car racket (in Birmingham Live) https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/digbeth-chop-shop-gang-jailed-17393456", "text": "They used two bases in Digbeth to break down luxury motors, some of which were carjacked or stolen after keys were taken in house raids. The parts were then fitted to salvaged cars bought online. […] Jailing the quartet, a judge at Birmingham Crown Court said it was a \"car ringing on a commercial and substantial scale\"."}], "glosses": ["To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "links": [["steal", "steal"], ["identity", "identity"], ["car", "car"], ["resell", "resell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 289:", "text": "‘I was ringing for your dad out there at Haddon Hill the year you was born. It was a good year for calves.’", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "links": [["drover", "drover"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Australia, transitive) To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "tags": ["Australia", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ograždam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ограждам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obkrǎžavam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "обкръжавам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "omringen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ympäröidä"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "gars šemoxveva", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "გარს შემოხვევა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "alq̇is šemorṭq̇ma", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ალყის შემორტყმა"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gherāv", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "घेराव"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülvesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körbevesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "bekerít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülzár"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kakomu", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "囲む"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "cingō"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "otaczać"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružátʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окружа́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružítʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окружи́ть"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrjazvam", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "обрязвам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "kaulata"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oprǎstenjavam", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "опръстенявам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "beringen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "meggyűrűz"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "inanellare"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "obrączkować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zaobrączkować"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcóvyvatʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окольцо́вывать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcevátʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окольцева́ть"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "word": "kaarrella"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kružítʹ", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кружи́ть"}], "word": "ring"}

ring (verb) ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (turn)", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old Gujarati terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Georgian translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for translations into Burmese", "Requests for translations into French", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aragonese translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bemba translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Brunei Malay translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chamorro translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Corsican translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Gagauz translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Karachay-Balkar translations", "Terms with Karakalpak translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khakas translations", "Terms with Khalaj translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikuyu translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kumyk translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Limburgish translations", "Terms with Lingala translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maguindanao translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Nogai translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Gujarati translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shor translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarantino translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Tausug translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Tutong translations", "Terms with Tuvan translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring-fence"}, {"word": "ringfence"}, {"word": "ring in"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ker- (turn)"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ryng"}, "expansion": "Middle English ryng", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hring", "4": "", "5": "ring, circle"}, "expansion": "Old English hring (“ring, circle”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hring"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hring", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringaz", "4": "", "5": "ring"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)krengʰ-"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "rank", "3": "rink"}, "expansion": "Doublet of rank and rink", "name": "doublet"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "range", "notext": "1"}, "expansion": "range", "name": "dbt"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "West Frisian ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "Low German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Dutch ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Swedish ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fi", "2": "rengas"}, "expansion": "Finnish rengas", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.\nCognates\n* West Frisian ring\n* Low German Ring\n* Dutch ring\n* German Ring\n* Swedish ring\n* Finnish rengas", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past and past participle ringed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The inner city was ringed with dingy industrial areas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: Eastbourne”, in RAIL, number 948, page 27:", "text": "Today, when stepping off the train, you're presented with a bright and airy concourse that's ringed with a variety of facilities.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To enclose or surround."], "links": [["enclose", "enclose"], ["surround", "surround#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To enclose or surround."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They ringed the trees to make the clearing easier next year.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 50:", "text": "The ironbark trees are \"rung\" at a certain height top and bottom, and the bark detached in one sheet; it is then wetted, and laid out flat on the ground, huge stones being placed to keep it from rolling up again.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "links": [["incision", "incision"], ["girdle", "girdle#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, figuratively) To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "tags": ["figuratively", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "We managed to ring 22 birds this morning.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1919, Popular Science, volume 95, number 4, page 31:", "text": "Ringing a pig of ordinary size is easy, but special arrangements must be made for handling the big ones.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["ring", "ring#Noun"], ["identification", "identification"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to ring a pig’s snout", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:", "text": "Ring these fingers with thy household worms.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "links": [["fit", "fit#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Falconry"], "examples": [{"ref": "1877 May 30, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “The Windhover: To Christ Our Lord”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 29:", "text": "[…] how he rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing / In his ecstacy!", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To rise in the air spirally."], "links": [["falconry", "falconry"], ["rise", "rise#Verb"], ["air", "air#Noun"], ["spirally", "spirally"]], "raw_glosses": ["(falconry) To rise in the air spirally."], "topics": ["falconry", "hobbies", "hunting", "lifestyle"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "A. Woodley, Trio: 3 short stories\nGabe said that as Derry had only caught part of the conversation, it's possible that they were discussing a film, it was bad enough that they'd unwittingly been brought into ringing cars, adding drugs into it was far more than either of them could ever be comfortable with."}, {"ref": "2019 (10 December), Ross McCarthy, Digbeth chop shop gang jailed over £2m stolen car racket (in Birmingham Live) https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/digbeth-chop-shop-gang-jailed-17393456", "text": "They used two bases in Digbeth to break down luxury motors, some of which were carjacked or stolen after keys were taken in house raids. The parts were then fitted to salvaged cars bought online. […] Jailing the quartet, a judge at Birmingham Crown Court said it was a \"car ringing on a commercial and substantial scale\"."}], "glosses": ["To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "links": [["steal", "steal"], ["identity", "identity"], ["car", "car"], ["resell", "resell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 289:", "text": "‘I was ringing for your dad out there at Haddon Hill the year you was born. It was a good year for calves.’", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "links": [["drover", "drover"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Australia, transitive) To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "tags": ["Australia", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ograždam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ограждам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obkrǎžavam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "обкръжавам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "omringen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ympäröidä"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "gars šemoxveva", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "გარს შემოხვევა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "alq̇is šemorṭq̇ma", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ალყის შემორტყმა"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gherāv", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "घेराव"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülvesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körbevesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "bekerít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülzár"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kakomu", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "囲む"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "cingō"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "otaczać"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružátʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окружа́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružítʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окружи́ть"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrjazvam", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "обрязвам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "kaulata"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oprǎstenjavam", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "опръстенявам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "beringen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "meggyűrűz"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "inanellare"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "obrączkować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zaobrączkować"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcóvyvatʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окольцо́вывать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcevátʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окольцева́ть"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "word": "kaarrella"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kružítʹ", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кружи́ть"}], "word": "ring"}

ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Requests for translations into Estonian", "Requests for translations into Latvian", "Requests for translations into Mongolian", "Requests for translations into Thai", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "make the welkin ring"}, {"word": "ring a bell"}, {"word": "ring around"}, {"word": "ring back"}, {"word": "ring down the curtain"}, {"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring false"}, {"word": "ring hollow"}, {"word": "ring in"}, {"word": "ringing"}, {"word": "ring off"}, {"word": "ring off the hook"}, {"word": "ring one's bell"}, {"word": "ring out"}, {"word": "ring round"}, {"word": "ring someone's bell"}, {"word": "ring the changes"}, {"word": "ring the devil's doorbell"}, {"word": "ring the welkins"}, {"word": "ring through"}, {"word": "ring true"}, {"word": "ring up"}, {"word": "ring up the curtain"}, {"word": "unring"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Middle English ringen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hringan", "4": "hrinġan", "5": "to ring"}, "expansion": "Old English hrinġan (“to ring”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringijaną", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Dutch ringen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ringa"}, "expansion": "Swedish ringa", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ringen, from Old English hrinġan (“to ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringijaną. Cognate with Dutch ringen, Swedish ringa. Of imitative origin.", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "rang", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["nonstandard", "past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "rings", "2": "ringing", "3": "rang", "4": "rung", "past2": "rung", "past2_qual": "nonstandard"}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past rang or (nonstandard) rung, past participle rung)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The bells were ringing in the town.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The deliveryman rang the doorbell to drop off a parcel.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:", "text": "The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, / Hath rung night's yawning peal.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They rang a Christmas carol on their handbells.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Whose mobile phone is ringing?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That does not ring true.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "links": [["appear", "appear"], ["seem", "seem"], ["sound", "sound"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "British English", "English colloquialisms", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "New Zealand English"], "examples": [{"text": "I will ring you when we arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To telephone (someone)."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand) To telephone (someone)."], "tags": ["Australia", "British", "New-Zealand", "colloquial", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 40:", "text": "[…] And many an old philosophy\n⁠On Argive heights divinely sang,\n⁠And round us all the thicket rang\nTo many a flute of Arcady.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:", "text": "So he spoke, and it seemed there was a little halting at first, as of men not liking to take Blackbeard's name in Blackbeard's place, or raise the Devil by mocking at him. But then some of the bolder shouted 'Blackbeard', and so the more timid chimed in, and in a minute there were a score of voices calling 'Blackbeard, Blackbeard', till the place rang again.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:", "text": "It is instructive for us to learn as well as to ponder on the fact that \"the very men who looked down with delight, when the sand of the arena reddened with human blood, made the arena ring with applause when Terence in his famous line: ‘Homo sum, Nihil humani alienum puto’ proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to resound, reverberate, echo."], "links": [["resound", "resound"], ["reverberate", "reverberate"], ["echo", "echo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) to resound, reverberate, echo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Four Bells admit Twenty-four changes in Ringing", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To produce music with bells."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To produce music with bells."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1983, T.C. Knudsen, John Hempstead, A Man's Guide to Women:", "text": "The checkout girl rang it into his total, and he paid the bill.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1990, The New Zealand Law Reports - Volume 3, page 75:", "text": "On presentation of the item at the checkout the original price sticker was concealed from the checkout assistant and a sticker of $38.88 exhibited on the item. The checkout operator rang on the lesser sum, a mistake known to Dronjak. He was subsequently charged with theft.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Tracy E Whipple, A Friend's Last Gift, page 88:", "text": ". The new cashier rang something twice and had to call for the manager to fix the register.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ring up (enter into a cash register or till)"], "links": [["ring up", "ring up"]]}, {"categories": ["English dated terms"], "glosses": ["To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "raw_glosses": ["(dated) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "tags": ["dated"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭaraqa jaras", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "طَرَقَ جَرَس"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sarsar", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "سرسر"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "šaṙačʻel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "շառաչել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zrngal", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զրնգալ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tirrina jo"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvinjécʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звіне́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎntjá", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звънтя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "dringar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "only door-bell", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "trucar"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "ànlíng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "按鈴 /按铃"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiǎng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "響 /响"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "bellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rinkelen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonoradi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "helisema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sunâ"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chtypáo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "χτυπάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "צלצל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ghaṇṭī", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "घंटी"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suonare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "scampanellare"}, {"alt": "なる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "naru", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "roo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "រោទ៍"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ullida", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "울리다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dzvoni", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ѕвони"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "referring to bells", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "pere"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "звонити"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "es", "english": "America", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "timbrar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzveníty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвені́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rung"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "souner"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "klingen", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "קלינגען"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "səsləndirmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "fer sonar"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "weergalmen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "beieren"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonori"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ēkhéō", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ἠχέω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"alt": "ならす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "narasu", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴らす"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "uderzać (w dzwon)"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "bate"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "daqqa", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "دَقَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "bić"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "kilistä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "piristä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvuča", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "звуча"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "kuulostaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klingen"}, {"alt": "きこえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kikoeru", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "聞こえる"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvučátʹ", "sense": "to appear to be", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звуча́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "låta"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "talfana", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تَلْفَنَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangaharel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգահարել"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pazvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "пазвані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "teljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "тэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pateljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "патэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "telefoníram", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́рам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎ diànhuà", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "打電話 /打电话"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["informal", "perfective"], "word": "brnknout"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "opbellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefoneren"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "soittaa (jollekin)"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dareḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "დარეკვა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "anrufen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "צילצל \\ צִלְצֵל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "फ़ोन करना"}, {"alt": "でんわをかける", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa o kakeru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話をかける"}, {"alt": "でんわする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa suru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話する"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwareul geolda", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화를 걸다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwahada", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화하다"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "skambinti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "telefoníra", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́ра"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "rīngi"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "waea"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "telefon kardan", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تلفن کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zadzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pozvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "позвони́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "llamar por teléfono"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonear"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too-rá-sàp", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทรศัพท์"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทร"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "podzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "telefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "телефонува́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zatelefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "зателефонува́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "فون کرنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện thoại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "kêu điện thoại"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "eča", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "еча"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ehtja", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "ехтя"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "kaikua"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "pāorooro"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "resonar"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lunáty", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "луна́ти"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce music with bells", "word": "soittaa kelloja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "tags": ["often"], "word": "toistella"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "loudly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "kailottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "earnestly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "vakuutella"}], "word": "ring"}

ring (verb) ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Requests for translations into Estonian", "Requests for translations into Latvian", "Requests for translations into Mongolian", "Requests for translations into Thai", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "make the welkin ring"}, {"word": "ring a bell"}, {"word": "ring around"}, {"word": "ring back"}, {"word": "ring down the curtain"}, {"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring false"}, {"word": "ring hollow"}, {"word": "ring in"}, {"word": "ringing"}, {"word": "ring off"}, {"word": "ring off the hook"}, {"word": "ring one's bell"}, {"word": "ring out"}, {"word": "ring round"}, {"word": "ring someone's bell"}, {"word": "ring the changes"}, {"word": "ring the devil's doorbell"}, {"word": "ring the welkins"}, {"word": "ring through"}, {"word": "ring true"}, {"word": "ring up"}, {"word": "ring up the curtain"}, {"word": "unring"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Middle English ringen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hringan", "4": "hrinġan", "5": "to ring"}, "expansion": "Old English hrinġan (“to ring”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringijaną", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Dutch ringen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ringa"}, "expansion": "Swedish ringa", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ringen, from Old English hrinġan (“to ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringijaną. Cognate with Dutch ringen, Swedish ringa. Of imitative origin.", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "rang", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["nonstandard", "past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "rings", "2": "ringing", "3": "rang", "4": "rung", "past2": "rung", "past2_qual": "nonstandard"}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past rang or (nonstandard) rung, past participle rung)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The bells were ringing in the town.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The deliveryman rang the doorbell to drop off a parcel.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:", "text": "The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, / Hath rung night's yawning peal.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They rang a Christmas carol on their handbells.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Whose mobile phone is ringing?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That does not ring true.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "links": [["appear", "appear"], ["seem", "seem"], ["sound", "sound"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "British English", "English colloquialisms", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "New Zealand English"], "examples": [{"text": "I will ring you when we arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To telephone (someone)."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand) To telephone (someone)."], "tags": ["Australia", "British", "New-Zealand", "colloquial", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 40:", "text": "[…] And many an old philosophy\n⁠On Argive heights divinely sang,\n⁠And round us all the thicket rang\nTo many a flute of Arcady.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:", "text": "So he spoke, and it seemed there was a little halting at first, as of men not liking to take Blackbeard's name in Blackbeard's place, or raise the Devil by mocking at him. But then some of the bolder shouted 'Blackbeard', and so the more timid chimed in, and in a minute there were a score of voices calling 'Blackbeard, Blackbeard', till the place rang again.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:", "text": "It is instructive for us to learn as well as to ponder on the fact that \"the very men who looked down with delight, when the sand of the arena reddened with human blood, made the arena ring with applause when Terence in his famous line: ‘Homo sum, Nihil humani alienum puto’ proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to resound, reverberate, echo."], "links": [["resound", "resound"], ["reverberate", "reverberate"], ["echo", "echo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) to resound, reverberate, echo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Four Bells admit Twenty-four changes in Ringing", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To produce music with bells."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To produce music with bells."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1983, T.C. Knudsen, John Hempstead, A Man's Guide to Women:", "text": "The checkout girl rang it into his total, and he paid the bill.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1990, The New Zealand Law Reports - Volume 3, page 75:", "text": "On presentation of the item at the checkout the original price sticker was concealed from the checkout assistant and a sticker of $38.88 exhibited on the item. The checkout operator rang on the lesser sum, a mistake known to Dronjak. He was subsequently charged with theft.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Tracy E Whipple, A Friend's Last Gift, page 88:", "text": ". The new cashier rang something twice and had to call for the manager to fix the register.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ring up (enter into a cash register or till)"], "links": [["ring up", "ring up"]]}, {"categories": ["English dated terms"], "glosses": ["To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "raw_glosses": ["(dated) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "tags": ["dated"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭaraqa jaras", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "طَرَقَ جَرَس"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sarsar", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "سرسر"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "šaṙačʻel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "շառաչել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zrngal", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զրնգալ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tirrina jo"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvinjécʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звіне́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎntjá", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звънтя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "dringar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "only door-bell", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "trucar"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "ànlíng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "按鈴 /按铃"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiǎng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "響 /响"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "bellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rinkelen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonoradi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "helisema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sunâ"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chtypáo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "χτυπάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "צלצל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ghaṇṭī", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "घंटी"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suonare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "scampanellare"}, {"alt": "なる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "naru", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "roo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "រោទ៍"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ullida", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "울리다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dzvoni", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ѕвони"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "referring to bells", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "pere"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "звонити"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "es", "english": "America", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "timbrar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzveníty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвені́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rung"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "souner"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "klingen", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "קלינגען"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "səsləndirmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "fer sonar"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "weergalmen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "beieren"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonori"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ēkhéō", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ἠχέω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"alt": "ならす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "narasu", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴らす"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "uderzać (w dzwon)"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "bate"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "daqqa", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "دَقَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "bić"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "kilistä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "piristä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvuča", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "звуча"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "kuulostaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klingen"}, {"alt": "きこえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kikoeru", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "聞こえる"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvučátʹ", "sense": "to appear to be", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звуча́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "låta"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "talfana", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تَلْفَنَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangaharel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգահարել"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pazvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "пазвані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "teljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "тэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pateljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "патэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "telefoníram", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́рам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎ diànhuà", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "打電話 /打电话"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["informal", "perfective"], "word": "brnknout"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "opbellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefoneren"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "soittaa (jollekin)"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dareḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "დარეკვა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "anrufen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "צילצל \\ צִלְצֵל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "फ़ोन करना"}, {"alt": "でんわをかける", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa o kakeru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話をかける"}, {"alt": "でんわする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa suru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話する"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwareul geolda", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화를 걸다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwahada", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화하다"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "skambinti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "telefoníra", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́ра"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "rīngi"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "waea"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "telefon kardan", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تلفن کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zadzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pozvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "позвони́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "llamar por teléfono"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonear"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too-rá-sàp", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทรศัพท์"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทร"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "podzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "telefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "телефонува́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zatelefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "зателефонува́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "فون کرنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện thoại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "kêu điện thoại"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "eča", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "еча"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ehtja", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "ехтя"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "kaikua"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "pāorooro"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "resonar"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lunáty", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "луна́ти"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce music with bells", "word": "soittaa kelloja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "tags": ["often"], "word": "toistella"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "loudly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "kailottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "earnestly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "vakuutella"}], "word": "ring"}

ring (verb) ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Requests for translations into Estonian", "Requests for translations into Latvian", "Requests for translations into Mongolian", "Requests for translations into Thai", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "make the welkin ring"}, {"word": "ring a bell"}, {"word": "ring around"}, {"word": "ring back"}, {"word": "ring down the curtain"}, {"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring false"}, {"word": "ring hollow"}, {"word": "ring in"}, {"word": "ringing"}, {"word": "ring off"}, {"word": "ring off the hook"}, {"word": "ring one's bell"}, {"word": "ring out"}, {"word": "ring round"}, {"word": "ring someone's bell"}, {"word": "ring the changes"}, {"word": "ring the devil's doorbell"}, {"word": "ring the welkins"}, {"word": "ring through"}, {"word": "ring true"}, {"word": "ring up"}, {"word": "ring up the curtain"}, {"word": "unring"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Middle English ringen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hringan", "4": "hrinġan", "5": "to ring"}, "expansion": "Old English hrinġan (“to ring”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringijaną", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Dutch ringen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ringa"}, "expansion": "Swedish ringa", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ringen, from Old English hrinġan (“to ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringijaną. Cognate with Dutch ringen, Swedish ringa. Of imitative origin.", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "rang", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["nonstandard", "past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "rings", "2": "ringing", "3": "rang", "4": "rung", "past2": "rung", "past2_qual": "nonstandard"}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past rang or (nonstandard) rung, past participle rung)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The bells were ringing in the town.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The deliveryman rang the doorbell to drop off a parcel.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:", "text": "The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, / Hath rung night's yawning peal.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They rang a Christmas carol on their handbells.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Whose mobile phone is ringing?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That does not ring true.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "links": [["appear", "appear"], ["seem", "seem"], ["sound", "sound"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "British English", "English colloquialisms", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "New Zealand English"], "examples": [{"text": "I will ring you when we arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To telephone (someone)."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand) To telephone (someone)."], "tags": ["Australia", "British", "New-Zealand", "colloquial", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 40:", "text": "[…] And many an old philosophy\n⁠On Argive heights divinely sang,\n⁠And round us all the thicket rang\nTo many a flute of Arcady.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:", "text": "So he spoke, and it seemed there was a little halting at first, as of men not liking to take Blackbeard's name in Blackbeard's place, or raise the Devil by mocking at him. But then some of the bolder shouted 'Blackbeard', and so the more timid chimed in, and in a minute there were a score of voices calling 'Blackbeard, Blackbeard', till the place rang again.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:", "text": "It is instructive for us to learn as well as to ponder on the fact that \"the very men who looked down with delight, when the sand of the arena reddened with human blood, made the arena ring with applause when Terence in his famous line: ‘Homo sum, Nihil humani alienum puto’ proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to resound, reverberate, echo."], "links": [["resound", "resound"], ["reverberate", "reverberate"], ["echo", "echo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) to resound, reverberate, echo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Four Bells admit Twenty-four changes in Ringing", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To produce music with bells."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To produce music with bells."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1983, T.C. Knudsen, John Hempstead, A Man's Guide to Women:", "text": "The checkout girl rang it into his total, and he paid the bill.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1990, The New Zealand Law Reports - Volume 3, page 75:", "text": "On presentation of the item at the checkout the original price sticker was concealed from the checkout assistant and a sticker of $38.88 exhibited on the item. The checkout operator rang on the lesser sum, a mistake known to Dronjak. He was subsequently charged with theft.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Tracy E Whipple, A Friend's Last Gift, page 88:", "text": ". The new cashier rang something twice and had to call for the manager to fix the register.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ring up (enter into a cash register or till)"], "links": [["ring up", "ring up"]]}, {"categories": ["English dated terms"], "glosses": ["To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "raw_glosses": ["(dated) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "tags": ["dated"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭaraqa jaras", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "طَرَقَ جَرَس"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sarsar", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "سرسر"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "šaṙačʻel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "շառաչել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zrngal", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զրնգալ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tirrina jo"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvinjécʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звіне́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎntjá", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звънтя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "dringar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "only door-bell", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "trucar"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "ànlíng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "按鈴 /按铃"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiǎng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "響 /响"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "bellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rinkelen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonoradi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "helisema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sunâ"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chtypáo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "χτυπάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "צלצל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ghaṇṭī", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "घंटी"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suonare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "scampanellare"}, {"alt": "なる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "naru", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "roo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "រោទ៍"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ullida", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "울리다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dzvoni", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ѕвони"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "referring to bells", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "pere"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "звонити"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "es", "english": "America", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "timbrar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzveníty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвені́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rung"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "souner"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "klingen", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "קלינגען"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "səsləndirmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "fer sonar"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "weergalmen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "beieren"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonori"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ēkhéō", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ἠχέω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"alt": "ならす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "narasu", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴らす"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "uderzać (w dzwon)"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "bate"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "daqqa", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "دَقَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "bić"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "kilistä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "piristä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvuča", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "звуча"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "kuulostaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klingen"}, {"alt": "きこえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kikoeru", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "聞こえる"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvučátʹ", "sense": "to appear to be", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звуча́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "låta"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "talfana", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تَلْفَنَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangaharel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգահարել"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pazvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "пазвані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "teljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "тэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pateljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "патэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "telefoníram", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́рам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎ diànhuà", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "打電話 /打电话"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["informal", "perfective"], "word": "brnknout"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "opbellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefoneren"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "soittaa (jollekin)"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dareḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "დარეკვა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "anrufen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "צילצל \\ צִלְצֵל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "फ़ोन करना"}, {"alt": "でんわをかける", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa o kakeru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話をかける"}, {"alt": "でんわする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa suru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話する"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwareul geolda", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화를 걸다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwahada", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화하다"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "skambinti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "telefoníra", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́ра"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "rīngi"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "waea"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "telefon kardan", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تلفن کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zadzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pozvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "позвони́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "llamar por teléfono"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonear"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too-rá-sàp", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทรศัพท์"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทร"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "podzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "telefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "телефонува́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zatelefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "зателефонува́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "فون کرنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện thoại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "kêu điện thoại"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "eča", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "еча"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ehtja", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "ехтя"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "kaikua"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "pāorooro"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "resonar"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lunáty", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "луна́ти"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce music with bells", "word": "soittaa kelloja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "tags": ["often"], "word": "toistella"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "loudly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "kailottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "earnestly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "vakuutella"}], "word": "ring"}

ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (turn)", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old Gujarati terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Georgian translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for translations into Burmese", "Requests for translations into French", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aragonese translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bemba translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Brunei Malay translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chamorro translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Corsican translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Gagauz translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Karachay-Balkar translations", "Terms with Karakalpak translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khakas translations", "Terms with Khalaj translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikuyu translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kumyk translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Limburgish translations", "Terms with Lingala translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maguindanao translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Nogai translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Gujarati translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shor translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarantino translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Tausug translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Tutong translations", "Terms with Tuvan translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring-fence"}, {"word": "ringfence"}, {"word": "ring in"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ker- (turn)"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ryng"}, "expansion": "Middle English ryng", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hring", "4": "", "5": "ring, circle"}, "expansion": "Old English hring (“ring, circle”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hring"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hring", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringaz", "4": "", "5": "ring"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)krengʰ-"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "rank", "3": "rink"}, "expansion": "Doublet of rank and rink", "name": "doublet"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "range", "notext": "1"}, "expansion": "range", "name": "dbt"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "West Frisian ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "Low German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Dutch ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Swedish ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fi", "2": "rengas"}, "expansion": "Finnish rengas", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.\nCognates\n* West Frisian ring\n* Low German Ring\n* Dutch ring\n* German Ring\n* Swedish ring\n* Finnish rengas", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past and past participle ringed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The inner city was ringed with dingy industrial areas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: Eastbourne”, in RAIL, number 948, page 27:", "text": "Today, when stepping off the train, you're presented with a bright and airy concourse that's ringed with a variety of facilities.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To enclose or surround."], "links": [["enclose", "enclose"], ["surround", "surround#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To enclose or surround."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They ringed the trees to make the clearing easier next year.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 50:", "text": "The ironbark trees are \"rung\" at a certain height top and bottom, and the bark detached in one sheet; it is then wetted, and laid out flat on the ground, huge stones being placed to keep it from rolling up again.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "links": [["incision", "incision"], ["girdle", "girdle#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, figuratively) To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "tags": ["figuratively", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "We managed to ring 22 birds this morning.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1919, Popular Science, volume 95, number 4, page 31:", "text": "Ringing a pig of ordinary size is easy, but special arrangements must be made for handling the big ones.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["ring", "ring#Noun"], ["identification", "identification"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to ring a pig’s snout", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:", "text": "Ring these fingers with thy household worms.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "links": [["fit", "fit#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Falconry"], "examples": [{"ref": "1877 May 30, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “The Windhover: To Christ Our Lord”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 29:", "text": "[…] how he rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing / In his ecstacy!", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To rise in the air spirally."], "links": [["falconry", "falconry"], ["rise", "rise#Verb"], ["air", "air#Noun"], ["spirally", "spirally"]], "raw_glosses": ["(falconry) To rise in the air spirally."], "topics": ["falconry", "hobbies", "hunting", "lifestyle"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "A. Woodley, Trio: 3 short stories\nGabe said that as Derry had only caught part of the conversation, it's possible that they were discussing a film, it was bad enough that they'd unwittingly been brought into ringing cars, adding drugs into it was far more than either of them could ever be comfortable with."}, {"ref": "2019 (10 December), Ross McCarthy, Digbeth chop shop gang jailed over £2m stolen car racket (in Birmingham Live) https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/digbeth-chop-shop-gang-jailed-17393456", "text": "They used two bases in Digbeth to break down luxury motors, some of which were carjacked or stolen after keys were taken in house raids. The parts were then fitted to salvaged cars bought online. […] Jailing the quartet, a judge at Birmingham Crown Court said it was a \"car ringing on a commercial and substantial scale\"."}], "glosses": ["To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "links": [["steal", "steal"], ["identity", "identity"], ["car", "car"], ["resell", "resell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 289:", "text": "‘I was ringing for your dad out there at Haddon Hill the year you was born. It was a good year for calves.’", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "links": [["drover", "drover"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Australia, transitive) To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "tags": ["Australia", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ograždam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ограждам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obkrǎžavam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "обкръжавам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "omringen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ympäröidä"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "gars šemoxveva", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "გარს შემოხვევა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "alq̇is šemorṭq̇ma", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ალყის შემორტყმა"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gherāv", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "घेराव"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülvesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körbevesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "bekerít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülzár"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kakomu", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "囲む"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "cingō"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "otaczać"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružátʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окружа́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružítʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окружи́ть"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrjazvam", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "обрязвам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "kaulata"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oprǎstenjavam", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "опръстенявам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "beringen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "meggyűrűz"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "inanellare"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "obrączkować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zaobrączkować"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcóvyvatʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окольцо́вывать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcevátʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окольцева́ть"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "word": "kaarrella"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kružítʹ", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кружи́ть"}], "word": "ring"}

ring (verb) ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (turn)", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old Gujarati terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Georgian translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for translations into Burmese", "Requests for translations into French", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aragonese translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bemba translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Brunei Malay translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chamorro translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Corsican translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Gagauz translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Karachay-Balkar translations", "Terms with Karakalpak translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khakas translations", "Terms with Khalaj translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikuyu translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kumyk translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Limburgish translations", "Terms with Lingala translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maguindanao translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Nogai translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Gujarati translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shor translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarantino translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Tausug translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Tutong translations", "Terms with Tuvan translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring-fence"}, {"word": "ringfence"}, {"word": "ring in"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ker- (turn)"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ryng"}, "expansion": "Middle English ryng", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hring", "4": "", "5": "ring, circle"}, "expansion": "Old English hring (“ring, circle”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hring"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hring", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringaz", "4": "", "5": "ring"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)krengʰ-"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "rank", "3": "rink"}, "expansion": "Doublet of rank and rink", "name": "doublet"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "range", "notext": "1"}, "expansion": "range", "name": "dbt"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "West Frisian ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "Low German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Dutch ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Swedish ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fi", "2": "rengas"}, "expansion": "Finnish rengas", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.\nCognates\n* West Frisian ring\n* Low German Ring\n* Dutch ring\n* German Ring\n* Swedish ring\n* Finnish rengas", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past and past participle ringed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The inner city was ringed with dingy industrial areas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: Eastbourne”, in RAIL, number 948, page 27:", "text": "Today, when stepping off the train, you're presented with a bright and airy concourse that's ringed with a variety of facilities.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To enclose or surround."], "links": [["enclose", "enclose"], ["surround", "surround#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To enclose or surround."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They ringed the trees to make the clearing easier next year.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 50:", "text": "The ironbark trees are \"rung\" at a certain height top and bottom, and the bark detached in one sheet; it is then wetted, and laid out flat on the ground, huge stones being placed to keep it from rolling up again.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "links": [["incision", "incision"], ["girdle", "girdle#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, figuratively) To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "tags": ["figuratively", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "We managed to ring 22 birds this morning.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1919, Popular Science, volume 95, number 4, page 31:", "text": "Ringing a pig of ordinary size is easy, but special arrangements must be made for handling the big ones.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["ring", "ring#Noun"], ["identification", "identification"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to ring a pig’s snout", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:", "text": "Ring these fingers with thy household worms.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "links": [["fit", "fit#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Falconry"], "examples": [{"ref": "1877 May 30, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “The Windhover: To Christ Our Lord”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 29:", "text": "[…] how he rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing / In his ecstacy!", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To rise in the air spirally."], "links": [["falconry", "falconry"], ["rise", "rise#Verb"], ["air", "air#Noun"], ["spirally", "spirally"]], "raw_glosses": ["(falconry) To rise in the air spirally."], "topics": ["falconry", "hobbies", "hunting", "lifestyle"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "A. Woodley, Trio: 3 short stories\nGabe said that as Derry had only caught part of the conversation, it's possible that they were discussing a film, it was bad enough that they'd unwittingly been brought into ringing cars, adding drugs into it was far more than either of them could ever be comfortable with."}, {"ref": "2019 (10 December), Ross McCarthy, Digbeth chop shop gang jailed over £2m stolen car racket (in Birmingham Live) https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/digbeth-chop-shop-gang-jailed-17393456", "text": "They used two bases in Digbeth to break down luxury motors, some of which were carjacked or stolen after keys were taken in house raids. The parts were then fitted to salvaged cars bought online. […] Jailing the quartet, a judge at Birmingham Crown Court said it was a \"car ringing on a commercial and substantial scale\"."}], "glosses": ["To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "links": [["steal", "steal"], ["identity", "identity"], ["car", "car"], ["resell", "resell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 289:", "text": "‘I was ringing for your dad out there at Haddon Hill the year you was born. It was a good year for calves.’", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "links": [["drover", "drover"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Australia, transitive) To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "tags": ["Australia", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ograždam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ограждам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obkrǎžavam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "обкръжавам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "omringen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ympäröidä"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "gars šemoxveva", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "გარს შემოხვევა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "alq̇is šemorṭq̇ma", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ალყის შემორტყმა"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gherāv", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "घेराव"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülvesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körbevesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "bekerít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülzár"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kakomu", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "囲む"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "cingō"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "otaczać"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružátʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окружа́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružítʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окружи́ть"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrjazvam", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "обрязвам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "kaulata"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oprǎstenjavam", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "опръстенявам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "beringen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "meggyűrűz"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "inanellare"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "obrączkować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zaobrączkować"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcóvyvatʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окольцо́вывать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcevátʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окольцева́ть"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "word": "kaarrella"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kružítʹ", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кружи́ть"}], "word": "ring"}

ring (verb) ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (turn)", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old Gujarati terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of Georgian translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Romani translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for translations into Burmese", "Requests for translations into French", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Aklanon translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Amharic translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aragonese translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assamese translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Baluchi translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bemba translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Brunei Malay translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chamorro translations", "Terms with Cherokee translations", "Terms with Chuvash translations", "Terms with Corsican translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Gagauz translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Guaraní translations", "Terms with Gujarati translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Higaonon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Kannada translations", "Terms with Karachay-Balkar translations", "Terms with Karakalpak translations", "Terms with Kazakh translations", "Terms with Khakas translations", "Terms with Khalaj translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikuyu translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kumyk translations", "Terms with Kyrgyz translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Ladino translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Limburgish translations", "Terms with Lingala translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Maguindanao translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Nepali translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Nogai translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Gujarati translations", "Terms with Oromo translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pashto translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Plautdietsch translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Sassarese translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Shor translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Altai translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Sylheti translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Tarantino translations", "Terms with Tatar translations", "Terms with Tausug translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Turkmen translations", "Terms with Tutong translations", "Terms with Tuvan translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uyghur translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring-fence"}, {"word": "ringfence"}, {"word": "ring in"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)ker- (turn)"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ryng"}, "expansion": "Middle English ryng", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hring", "4": "", "5": "ring, circle"}, "expansion": "Old English hring (“ring, circle”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*hring"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hring", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringaz", "4": "", "5": "ring"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)krengʰ-"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "rank", "3": "rink"}, "expansion": "Doublet of rank and rink", "name": "doublet"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "range", "notext": "1"}, "expansion": "range", "name": "dbt"}, {"args": {"1": "2", "2": "cog"}, "expansion": "Cognates", "name": "col-top"}, {"args": {"1": "fy", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "West Frisian ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "Low German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Dutch ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "Ring"}, "expansion": "German Ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ring"}, "expansion": "Swedish ring", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "fi", "2": "rengas"}, "expansion": "Finnish rengas", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ryng, from Old English hring (“ring, circle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Doublet of rank and rink, as well as indirectly range.\nCognates\n* West Frisian ring\n* Low German Ring\n* Dutch ring\n* German Ring\n* Swedish ring\n* Finnish rengas", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "ringed", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past and past participle ringed)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The inner city was ringed with dingy industrial areas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: Eastbourne”, in RAIL, number 948, page 27:", "text": "Today, when stepping off the train, you're presented with a bright and airy concourse that's ringed with a variety of facilities.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To enclose or surround."], "links": [["enclose", "enclose"], ["surround", "surround#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To enclose or surround."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They ringed the trees to make the clearing easier next year.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 50:", "text": "The ironbark trees are \"rung\" at a certain height top and bottom, and the bark detached in one sheet; it is then wetted, and laid out flat on the ground, huge stones being placed to keep it from rolling up again.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "links": [["incision", "incision"], ["girdle", "girdle#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, figuratively) To make an incision around; to girdle; to cut away a circular tract of bark from a tree in order to kill it."], "tags": ["figuratively", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "We managed to ring 22 birds this morning.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1919, Popular Science, volume 95, number 4, page 31:", "text": "Ringing a pig of ordinary size is easy, but special arrangements must be made for handling the big ones.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "links": [["attach", "attach"], ["ring", "ring#Noun"], ["identification", "identification"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To attach a ring to, especially for identification."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "to ring a pig’s snout", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:", "text": "Ring these fingers with thy household worms.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "links": [["fit", "fit#Verb"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Falconry"], "examples": [{"ref": "1877 May 30, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “The Windhover: To Christ Our Lord”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 29:", "text": "[…] how he rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing / In his ecstacy!", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To rise in the air spirally."], "links": [["falconry", "falconry"], ["rise", "rise#Verb"], ["air", "air#Noun"], ["spirally", "spirally"]], "raw_glosses": ["(falconry) To rise in the air spirally."], "topics": ["falconry", "hobbies", "hunting", "lifestyle"]}, {"categories": ["English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "A. Woodley, Trio: 3 short stories\nGabe said that as Derry had only caught part of the conversation, it's possible that they were discussing a film, it was bad enough that they'd unwittingly been brought into ringing cars, adding drugs into it was far more than either of them could ever be comfortable with."}, {"ref": "2019 (10 December), Ross McCarthy, Digbeth chop shop gang jailed over £2m stolen car racket (in Birmingham Live) https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/digbeth-chop-shop-gang-jailed-17393456", "text": "They used two bases in Digbeth to break down luxury motors, some of which were carjacked or stolen after keys were taken in house raids. The parts were then fitted to salvaged cars bought online. […] Jailing the quartet, a judge at Birmingham Crown Court said it was a \"car ringing on a commercial and substantial scale\"."}], "glosses": ["To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "links": [["steal", "steal"], ["identity", "identity"], ["car", "car"], ["resell", "resell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To steal and change the identity of (cars) in order to resell them."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"ref": "2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 289:", "text": "‘I was ringing for your dad out there at Haddon Hill the year you was born. It was a good year for calves.’", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "links": [["drover", "drover"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Australia, transitive) To ride around (a group of animals, especially cattle) to keep them milling in one place; hence (intransitive), to work as a drover, to muster cattle."], "tags": ["Australia", "transitive"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ograždam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ограждам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obkrǎžavam", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "обкръжавам"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "omringen"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ympäröidä"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "gars šemoxveva", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "გარს შემოხვევა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "alq̇is šemorṭq̇ma", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "ალყის შემორტყმა"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "gherāv", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "घेराव"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülvesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körbevesz"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "bekerít"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "körülzár"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kakomu", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "囲む"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "cingō"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "word": "otaczać"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružátʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окружа́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okružítʹ", "sense": "to surround or enclose", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окружи́ть"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "obrjazvam", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "обрязвам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make an incision around a tree", "word": "kaulata"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "oprǎstenjavam", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "опръстенявам"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "beringen"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "meggyűrűz"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "word": "inanellare"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "obrączkować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zaobrączkować"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcóvyvatʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "окольцо́вывать"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "okolʹcevátʹ", "sense": "to attach a ring to for identification", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "окольцева́ть"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to surround or fit with a ring, or as if with a ring", "word": "rengastaa"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "word": "kaarrella"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kružítʹ", "sense": "falconry: to rise in the air spirally", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "кружи́ть"}], "word": "ring"}

ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Requests for translations into Estonian", "Requests for translations into Latvian", "Requests for translations into Mongolian", "Requests for translations into Thai", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "make the welkin ring"}, {"word": "ring a bell"}, {"word": "ring around"}, {"word": "ring back"}, {"word": "ring down the curtain"}, {"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring false"}, {"word": "ring hollow"}, {"word": "ring in"}, {"word": "ringing"}, {"word": "ring off"}, {"word": "ring off the hook"}, {"word": "ring one's bell"}, {"word": "ring out"}, {"word": "ring round"}, {"word": "ring someone's bell"}, {"word": "ring the changes"}, {"word": "ring the devil's doorbell"}, {"word": "ring the welkins"}, {"word": "ring through"}, {"word": "ring true"}, {"word": "ring up"}, {"word": "ring up the curtain"}, {"word": "unring"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Middle English ringen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hringan", "4": "hrinġan", "5": "to ring"}, "expansion": "Old English hrinġan (“to ring”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringijaną", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Dutch ringen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ringa"}, "expansion": "Swedish ringa", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ringen, from Old English hrinġan (“to ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringijaną. Cognate with Dutch ringen, Swedish ringa. Of imitative origin.", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "rang", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["nonstandard", "past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "rings", "2": "ringing", "3": "rang", "4": "rung", "past2": "rung", "past2_qual": "nonstandard"}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past rang or (nonstandard) rung, past participle rung)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The bells were ringing in the town.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The deliveryman rang the doorbell to drop off a parcel.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:", "text": "The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, / Hath rung night's yawning peal.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They rang a Christmas carol on their handbells.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Whose mobile phone is ringing?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That does not ring true.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "links": [["appear", "appear"], ["seem", "seem"], ["sound", "sound"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "British English", "English colloquialisms", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "New Zealand English"], "examples": [{"text": "I will ring you when we arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To telephone (someone)."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand) To telephone (someone)."], "tags": ["Australia", "British", "New-Zealand", "colloquial", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 40:", "text": "[…] And many an old philosophy\n⁠On Argive heights divinely sang,\n⁠And round us all the thicket rang\nTo many a flute of Arcady.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:", "text": "So he spoke, and it seemed there was a little halting at first, as of men not liking to take Blackbeard's name in Blackbeard's place, or raise the Devil by mocking at him. But then some of the bolder shouted 'Blackbeard', and so the more timid chimed in, and in a minute there were a score of voices calling 'Blackbeard, Blackbeard', till the place rang again.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:", "text": "It is instructive for us to learn as well as to ponder on the fact that \"the very men who looked down with delight, when the sand of the arena reddened with human blood, made the arena ring with applause when Terence in his famous line: ‘Homo sum, Nihil humani alienum puto’ proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to resound, reverberate, echo."], "links": [["resound", "resound"], ["reverberate", "reverberate"], ["echo", "echo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) to resound, reverberate, echo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Four Bells admit Twenty-four changes in Ringing", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To produce music with bells."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To produce music with bells."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1983, T.C. Knudsen, John Hempstead, A Man's Guide to Women:", "text": "The checkout girl rang it into his total, and he paid the bill.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1990, The New Zealand Law Reports - Volume 3, page 75:", "text": "On presentation of the item at the checkout the original price sticker was concealed from the checkout assistant and a sticker of $38.88 exhibited on the item. The checkout operator rang on the lesser sum, a mistake known to Dronjak. He was subsequently charged with theft.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Tracy E Whipple, A Friend's Last Gift, page 88:", "text": ". The new cashier rang something twice and had to call for the manager to fix the register.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ring up (enter into a cash register or till)"], "links": [["ring up", "ring up"]]}, {"categories": ["English dated terms"], "glosses": ["To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "raw_glosses": ["(dated) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "tags": ["dated"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭaraqa jaras", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "طَرَقَ جَرَس"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sarsar", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "سرسر"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "šaṙačʻel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "շառաչել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zrngal", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զրնգալ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tirrina jo"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvinjécʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звіне́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎntjá", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звънтя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "dringar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "only door-bell", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "trucar"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "ànlíng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "按鈴 /按铃"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiǎng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "響 /响"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "bellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rinkelen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonoradi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "helisema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sunâ"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chtypáo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "χτυπάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "צלצל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ghaṇṭī", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "घंटी"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suonare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "scampanellare"}, {"alt": "なる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "naru", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "roo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "រោទ៍"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ullida", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "울리다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dzvoni", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ѕвони"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "referring to bells", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "pere"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "звонити"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "es", "english": "America", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "timbrar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzveníty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвені́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rung"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "souner"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "klingen", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "קלינגען"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "səsləndirmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "fer sonar"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "weergalmen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "beieren"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonori"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ēkhéō", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ἠχέω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"alt": "ならす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "narasu", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴らす"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "uderzać (w dzwon)"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "bate"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "daqqa", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "دَقَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "bić"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "kilistä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "piristä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvuča", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "звуча"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "kuulostaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klingen"}, {"alt": "きこえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kikoeru", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "聞こえる"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvučátʹ", "sense": "to appear to be", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звуча́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "låta"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "talfana", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تَلْفَنَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangaharel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգահարել"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pazvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "пазвані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "teljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "тэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pateljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "патэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "telefoníram", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́рам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎ diànhuà", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "打電話 /打电话"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["informal", "perfective"], "word": "brnknout"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "opbellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefoneren"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "soittaa (jollekin)"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dareḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "დარეკვა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "anrufen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "צילצל \\ צִלְצֵל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "फ़ोन करना"}, {"alt": "でんわをかける", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa o kakeru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話をかける"}, {"alt": "でんわする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa suru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話する"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwareul geolda", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화를 걸다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwahada", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화하다"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "skambinti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "telefoníra", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́ра"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "rīngi"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "waea"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "telefon kardan", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تلفن کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zadzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pozvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "позвони́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "llamar por teléfono"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonear"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too-rá-sàp", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทรศัพท์"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทร"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "podzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "telefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "телефонува́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zatelefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "зателефонува́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "فون کرنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện thoại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "kêu điện thoại"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "eča", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "еча"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ehtja", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "ехтя"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "kaikua"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "pāorooro"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "resonar"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lunáty", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "луна́ти"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce music with bells", "word": "soittaa kelloja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "tags": ["often"], "word": "toistella"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "loudly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "kailottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "earnestly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "vakuutella"}], "word": "ring"}

ring (verb) ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Requests for translations into Estonian", "Requests for translations into Latvian", "Requests for translations into Mongolian", "Requests for translations into Thai", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "make the welkin ring"}, {"word": "ring a bell"}, {"word": "ring around"}, {"word": "ring back"}, {"word": "ring down the curtain"}, {"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring false"}, {"word": "ring hollow"}, {"word": "ring in"}, {"word": "ringing"}, {"word": "ring off"}, {"word": "ring off the hook"}, {"word": "ring one's bell"}, {"word": "ring out"}, {"word": "ring round"}, {"word": "ring someone's bell"}, {"word": "ring the changes"}, {"word": "ring the devil's doorbell"}, {"word": "ring the welkins"}, {"word": "ring through"}, {"word": "ring true"}, {"word": "ring up"}, {"word": "ring up the curtain"}, {"word": "unring"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Middle English ringen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hringan", "4": "hrinġan", "5": "to ring"}, "expansion": "Old English hrinġan (“to ring”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringijaną", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Dutch ringen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ringa"}, "expansion": "Swedish ringa", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ringen, from Old English hrinġan (“to ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringijaną. Cognate with Dutch ringen, Swedish ringa. Of imitative origin.", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "rang", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["nonstandard", "past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "rings", "2": "ringing", "3": "rang", "4": "rung", "past2": "rung", "past2_qual": "nonstandard"}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past rang or (nonstandard) rung, past participle rung)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The bells were ringing in the town.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The deliveryman rang the doorbell to drop off a parcel.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:", "text": "The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, / Hath rung night's yawning peal.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They rang a Christmas carol on their handbells.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Whose mobile phone is ringing?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That does not ring true.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "links": [["appear", "appear"], ["seem", "seem"], ["sound", "sound"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "British English", "English colloquialisms", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "New Zealand English"], "examples": [{"text": "I will ring you when we arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To telephone (someone)."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand) To telephone (someone)."], "tags": ["Australia", "British", "New-Zealand", "colloquial", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 40:", "text": "[…] And many an old philosophy\n⁠On Argive heights divinely sang,\n⁠And round us all the thicket rang\nTo many a flute of Arcady.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:", "text": "So he spoke, and it seemed there was a little halting at first, as of men not liking to take Blackbeard's name in Blackbeard's place, or raise the Devil by mocking at him. But then some of the bolder shouted 'Blackbeard', and so the more timid chimed in, and in a minute there were a score of voices calling 'Blackbeard, Blackbeard', till the place rang again.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:", "text": "It is instructive for us to learn as well as to ponder on the fact that \"the very men who looked down with delight, when the sand of the arena reddened with human blood, made the arena ring with applause when Terence in his famous line: ‘Homo sum, Nihil humani alienum puto’ proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to resound, reverberate, echo."], "links": [["resound", "resound"], ["reverberate", "reverberate"], ["echo", "echo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) to resound, reverberate, echo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Four Bells admit Twenty-four changes in Ringing", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To produce music with bells."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To produce music with bells."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1983, T.C. Knudsen, John Hempstead, A Man's Guide to Women:", "text": "The checkout girl rang it into his total, and he paid the bill.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1990, The New Zealand Law Reports - Volume 3, page 75:", "text": "On presentation of the item at the checkout the original price sticker was concealed from the checkout assistant and a sticker of $38.88 exhibited on the item. The checkout operator rang on the lesser sum, a mistake known to Dronjak. He was subsequently charged with theft.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Tracy E Whipple, A Friend's Last Gift, page 88:", "text": ". The new cashier rang something twice and had to call for the manager to fix the register.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ring up (enter into a cash register or till)"], "links": [["ring up", "ring up"]]}, {"categories": ["English dated terms"], "glosses": ["To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "raw_glosses": ["(dated) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "tags": ["dated"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭaraqa jaras", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "طَرَقَ جَرَس"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sarsar", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "سرسر"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "šaṙačʻel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "շառաչել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zrngal", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զրնգալ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tirrina jo"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvinjécʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звіне́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎntjá", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звънтя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "dringar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "only door-bell", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "trucar"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "ànlíng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "按鈴 /按铃"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiǎng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "響 /响"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "bellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rinkelen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonoradi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "helisema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sunâ"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chtypáo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "χτυπάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "צלצל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ghaṇṭī", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "घंटी"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suonare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "scampanellare"}, {"alt": "なる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "naru", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "roo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "រោទ៍"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ullida", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "울리다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dzvoni", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ѕвони"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "referring to bells", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "pere"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "звонити"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "es", "english": "America", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "timbrar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzveníty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвені́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rung"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "souner"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "klingen", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "קלינגען"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "səsləndirmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "fer sonar"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "weergalmen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "beieren"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonori"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ēkhéō", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ἠχέω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"alt": "ならす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "narasu", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴らす"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "uderzać (w dzwon)"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "bate"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "daqqa", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "دَقَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "bić"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "kilistä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "piristä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvuča", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "звуча"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "kuulostaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klingen"}, {"alt": "きこえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kikoeru", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "聞こえる"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvučátʹ", "sense": "to appear to be", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звуча́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "låta"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "talfana", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تَلْفَنَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangaharel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգահարել"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pazvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "пазвані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "teljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "тэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pateljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "патэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "telefoníram", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́рам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎ diànhuà", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "打電話 /打电话"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["informal", "perfective"], "word": "brnknout"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "opbellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefoneren"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "soittaa (jollekin)"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dareḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "დარეკვა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "anrufen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "צילצל \\ צִלְצֵל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "फ़ोन करना"}, {"alt": "でんわをかける", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa o kakeru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話をかける"}, {"alt": "でんわする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa suru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話する"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwareul geolda", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화를 걸다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwahada", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화하다"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "skambinti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "telefoníra", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́ра"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "rīngi"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "waea"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "telefon kardan", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تلفن کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zadzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pozvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "позвони́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "llamar por teléfono"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonear"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too-rá-sàp", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทรศัพท์"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทร"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "podzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "telefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "телефонува́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zatelefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "зателефонува́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "فون کرنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện thoại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "kêu điện thoại"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "eča", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "еча"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ehtja", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "ехтя"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "kaikua"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "pāorooro"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "resonar"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lunáty", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "луна́ти"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce music with bells", "word": "soittaa kelloja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "tags": ["often"], "word": "toistella"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "loudly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "kailottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "earnestly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "vakuutella"}], "word": "ring"}

ring (verb) ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Requests for translations into Estonian", "Requests for translations into Latvian", "Requests for translations into Mongolian", "Requests for translations into Thai", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "make the welkin ring"}, {"word": "ring a bell"}, {"word": "ring around"}, {"word": "ring back"}, {"word": "ring down the curtain"}, {"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring false"}, {"word": "ring hollow"}, {"word": "ring in"}, {"word": "ringing"}, {"word": "ring off"}, {"word": "ring off the hook"}, {"word": "ring one's bell"}, {"word": "ring out"}, {"word": "ring round"}, {"word": "ring someone's bell"}, {"word": "ring the changes"}, {"word": "ring the devil's doorbell"}, {"word": "ring the welkins"}, {"word": "ring through"}, {"word": "ring true"}, {"word": "ring up"}, {"word": "ring up the curtain"}, {"word": "unring"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Middle English ringen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hringan", "4": "hrinġan", "5": "to ring"}, "expansion": "Old English hrinġan (“to ring”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringijaną", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Dutch ringen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ringa"}, "expansion": "Swedish ringa", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ringen, from Old English hrinġan (“to ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringijaną. Cognate with Dutch ringen, Swedish ringa. Of imitative origin.", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "rang", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["nonstandard", "past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "rings", "2": "ringing", "3": "rang", "4": "rung", "past2": "rung", "past2_qual": "nonstandard"}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past rang or (nonstandard) rung, past participle rung)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The bells were ringing in the town.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The deliveryman rang the doorbell to drop off a parcel.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:", "text": "The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, / Hath rung night's yawning peal.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They rang a Christmas carol on their handbells.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Whose mobile phone is ringing?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That does not ring true.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "links": [["appear", "appear"], ["seem", "seem"], ["sound", "sound"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "British English", "English colloquialisms", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "New Zealand English"], "examples": [{"text": "I will ring you when we arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To telephone (someone)."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand) To telephone (someone)."], "tags": ["Australia", "British", "New-Zealand", "colloquial", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 40:", "text": "[…] And many an old philosophy\n⁠On Argive heights divinely sang,\n⁠And round us all the thicket rang\nTo many a flute of Arcady.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:", "text": "So he spoke, and it seemed there was a little halting at first, as of men not liking to take Blackbeard's name in Blackbeard's place, or raise the Devil by mocking at him. But then some of the bolder shouted 'Blackbeard', and so the more timid chimed in, and in a minute there were a score of voices calling 'Blackbeard, Blackbeard', till the place rang again.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:", "text": "It is instructive for us to learn as well as to ponder on the fact that \"the very men who looked down with delight, when the sand of the arena reddened with human blood, made the arena ring with applause when Terence in his famous line: ‘Homo sum, Nihil humani alienum puto’ proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to resound, reverberate, echo."], "links": [["resound", "resound"], ["reverberate", "reverberate"], ["echo", "echo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) to resound, reverberate, echo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Four Bells admit Twenty-four changes in Ringing", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To produce music with bells."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To produce music with bells."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1983, T.C. Knudsen, John Hempstead, A Man's Guide to Women:", "text": "The checkout girl rang it into his total, and he paid the bill.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1990, The New Zealand Law Reports - Volume 3, page 75:", "text": "On presentation of the item at the checkout the original price sticker was concealed from the checkout assistant and a sticker of $38.88 exhibited on the item. The checkout operator rang on the lesser sum, a mistake known to Dronjak. He was subsequently charged with theft.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Tracy E Whipple, A Friend's Last Gift, page 88:", "text": ". The new cashier rang something twice and had to call for the manager to fix the register.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ring up (enter into a cash register or till)"], "links": [["ring up", "ring up"]]}, {"categories": ["English dated terms"], "glosses": ["To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "raw_glosses": ["(dated) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "tags": ["dated"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭaraqa jaras", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "طَرَقَ جَرَس"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sarsar", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "سرسر"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "šaṙačʻel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "շառաչել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zrngal", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զրնգալ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tirrina jo"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvinjécʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звіне́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎntjá", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звънтя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "dringar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "only door-bell", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "trucar"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "ànlíng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "按鈴 /按铃"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiǎng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "響 /响"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "bellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rinkelen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonoradi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "helisema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sunâ"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chtypáo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "χτυπάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "צלצל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ghaṇṭī", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "घंटी"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suonare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "scampanellare"}, {"alt": "なる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "naru", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "roo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "រោទ៍"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ullida", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "울리다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dzvoni", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ѕвони"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "referring to bells", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "pere"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "звонити"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "es", "english": "America", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "timbrar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzveníty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвені́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rung"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "souner"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "klingen", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "קלינגען"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "səsləndirmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "fer sonar"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "weergalmen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "beieren"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonori"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ēkhéō", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ἠχέω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"alt": "ならす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "narasu", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴らす"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "uderzać (w dzwon)"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "bate"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "daqqa", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "دَقَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "bić"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "kilistä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "piristä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvuča", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "звуча"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "kuulostaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klingen"}, {"alt": "きこえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kikoeru", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "聞こえる"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvučátʹ", "sense": "to appear to be", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звуча́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "låta"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "talfana", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تَلْفَنَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangaharel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգահարել"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pazvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "пазвані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "teljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "тэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pateljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "патэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "telefoníram", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́рам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎ diànhuà", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "打電話 /打电话"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["informal", "perfective"], "word": "brnknout"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "opbellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefoneren"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "soittaa (jollekin)"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dareḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "დარეკვა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "anrufen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "צילצל \\ צִלְצֵל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "फ़ोन करना"}, {"alt": "でんわをかける", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa o kakeru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話をかける"}, {"alt": "でんわする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa suru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話する"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwareul geolda", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화를 걸다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwahada", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화하다"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "skambinti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "telefoníra", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́ра"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "rīngi"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "waea"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "telefon kardan", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تلفن کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zadzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pozvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "позвони́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "llamar por teléfono"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonear"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too-rá-sàp", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทรศัพท์"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทร"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "podzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "telefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "телефонува́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zatelefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "зателефонува́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "فون کرنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện thoại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "kêu điện thoại"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "eča", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "еча"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ehtja", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "ехтя"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "kaikua"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "pāorooro"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "resonar"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lunáty", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "луна́ти"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce music with bells", "word": "soittaa kelloja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "tags": ["often"], "word": "toistella"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "loudly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "kailottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "earnestly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "vakuutella"}], "word": "ring"}

ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Moroccan-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Requests for translations into Estonian", "Requests for translations into Latvian", "Requests for translations into Mongolian", "Requests for translations into Thai", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "make the welkin ring"}, {"word": "ring a bell"}, {"word": "ring around"}, {"word": "ring back"}, {"word": "ring down the curtain"}, {"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring false"}, {"word": "ring hollow"}, {"word": "ring in"}, {"word": "ringing"}, {"word": "ring off"}, {"word": "ring off the hook"}, {"word": "ring one's bell"}, {"word": "ring out"}, {"word": "ring round"}, {"word": "ring someone's bell"}, {"word": "ring the changes"}, {"word": "ring the devil's doorbell"}, {"word": "ring the welkins"}, {"word": "ring through"}, {"word": "ring true"}, {"word": "ring up"}, {"word": "ring up the curtain"}, {"word": "unring"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Middle English ringen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hringan", "4": "hrinġan", "5": "to ring"}, "expansion": "Old English hrinġan (“to ring”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringijaną", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Dutch ringen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ringa"}, "expansion": "Swedish ringa", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ringen, from Old English hrinġan (“to ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringijaną. Cognate with Dutch ringen, Swedish ringa. Of imitative origin.", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "rang", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["nonstandard", "past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "rings", "2": "ringing", "3": "rang", "4": "rung", "past2": "rung", "past2_qual": "nonstandard"}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past rang or (nonstandard) rung, past participle rung)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The bells were ringing in the town.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The deliveryman rang the doorbell to drop off a parcel.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:", "text": "The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, / Hath rung night's yawning peal.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They rang a Christmas carol on their handbells.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Whose mobile phone is ringing?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That does not ring true.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "links": [["appear", "appear"], ["seem", "seem"], ["sound", "sound"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "British English", "English colloquialisms", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "New Zealand English"], "examples": [{"text": "I will ring you when we arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To telephone (someone)."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand) To telephone (someone)."], "tags": ["Australia", "British", "New-Zealand", "colloquial", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 40:", "text": "[…] And many an old philosophy\n⁠On Argive heights divinely sang,\n⁠And round us all the thicket rang\nTo many a flute of Arcady.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:", "text": "So he spoke, and it seemed there was a little halting at first, as of men not liking to take Blackbeard's name in Blackbeard's place, or raise the Devil by mocking at him. But then some of the bolder shouted 'Blackbeard', and so the more timid chimed in, and in a minute there were a score of voices calling 'Blackbeard, Blackbeard', till the place rang again.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:", "text": "It is instructive for us to learn as well as to ponder on the fact that \"the very men who looked down with delight, when the sand of the arena reddened with human blood, made the arena ring with applause when Terence in his famous line: ‘Homo sum, Nihil humani alienum puto’ proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to resound, reverberate, echo."], "links": [["resound", "resound"], ["reverberate", "reverberate"], ["echo", "echo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) to resound, reverberate, echo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Four Bells admit Twenty-four changes in Ringing", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To produce music with bells."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To produce music with bells."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1983, T.C. Knudsen, John Hempstead, A Man's Guide to Women:", "text": "The checkout girl rang it into his total, and he paid the bill.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1990, The New Zealand Law Reports - Volume 3, page 75:", "text": "On presentation of the item at the checkout the original price sticker was concealed from the checkout assistant and a sticker of $38.88 exhibited on the item. The checkout operator rang on the lesser sum, a mistake known to Dronjak. He was subsequently charged with theft.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Tracy E Whipple, A Friend's Last Gift, page 88:", "text": ". The new cashier rang something twice and had to call for the manager to fix the register.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ring up (enter into a cash register or till)"], "links": [["ring up", "ring up"]]}, {"categories": ["English dated terms"], "glosses": ["To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "raw_glosses": ["(dated) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "tags": ["dated"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭaraqa jaras", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "طَرَقَ جَرَس"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sarsar", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "سرسر"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "šaṙačʻel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "շառաչել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zrngal", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զրնգալ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tirrina jo"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvinjécʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звіне́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎntjá", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звънтя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "dringar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "only door-bell", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "trucar"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "ànlíng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "按鈴 /按铃"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiǎng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "響 /响"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "bellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rinkelen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonoradi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "helisema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sunâ"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chtypáo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "χτυπάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "צלצל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ghaṇṭī", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "घंटी"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suonare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "scampanellare"}, {"alt": "なる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "naru", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "roo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "រោទ៍"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ullida", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "울리다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dzvoni", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ѕвони"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "referring to bells", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "pere"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "звонити"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "es", "english": "America", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "timbrar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzveníty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвені́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rung"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "souner"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "klingen", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "קלינגען"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "səsləndirmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "fer sonar"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "weergalmen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "beieren"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonori"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ēkhéō", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ἠχέω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"alt": "ならす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "narasu", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴らす"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "uderzać (w dzwon)"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "bate"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "daqqa", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "دَقَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "bić"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "kilistä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "piristä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvuča", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "звуча"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "kuulostaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klingen"}, {"alt": "きこえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kikoeru", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "聞こえる"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvučátʹ", "sense": "to appear to be", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звуча́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "låta"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "talfana", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تَلْفَنَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangaharel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգահարել"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pazvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "пазвані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "teljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "тэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pateljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "патэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "telefoníram", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́рам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎ diànhuà", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "打電話 /打电话"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["informal", "perfective"], "word": "brnknout"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "opbellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefoneren"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "soittaa (jollekin)"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dareḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "დარეკვა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "anrufen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "צילצל \\ צִלְצֵל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "फ़ोन करना"}, {"alt": "でんわをかける", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa o kakeru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話をかける"}, {"alt": "でんわする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa suru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話する"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwareul geolda", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화를 걸다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwahada", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화하다"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "skambinti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "telefoníra", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́ра"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "rīngi"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "waea"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "telefon kardan", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تلفن کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zadzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pozvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "позвони́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "llamar por teléfono"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonear"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too-rá-sàp", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทรศัพท์"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทร"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "podzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "telefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "телефонува́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zatelefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "зателефонува́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "فون کرنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện thoại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "kêu điện thoại"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "eča", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "еча"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ehtja", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "ехтя"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "kaikua"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "pāorooro"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "resonar"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lunáty", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "луна́ти"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce music with bells", "word": "soittaa kelloja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "tags": ["often"], "word": "toistella"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "loudly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "kailottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "earnestly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "vakuutella"}], "word": "ring"}

ring (verb) ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Moroccan-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Requests for translations into Estonian", "Requests for translations into Latvian", "Requests for translations into Mongolian", "Requests for translations into Thai", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "make the welkin ring"}, {"word": "ring a bell"}, {"word": "ring around"}, {"word": "ring back"}, {"word": "ring down the curtain"}, {"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring false"}, {"word": "ring hollow"}, {"word": "ring in"}, {"word": "ringing"}, {"word": "ring off"}, {"word": "ring off the hook"}, {"word": "ring one's bell"}, {"word": "ring out"}, {"word": "ring round"}, {"word": "ring someone's bell"}, {"word": "ring the changes"}, {"word": "ring the devil's doorbell"}, {"word": "ring the welkins"}, {"word": "ring through"}, {"word": "ring true"}, {"word": "ring up"}, {"word": "ring up the curtain"}, {"word": "unring"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Middle English ringen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hringan", "4": "hrinġan", "5": "to ring"}, "expansion": "Old English hrinġan (“to ring”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringijaną", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Dutch ringen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ringa"}, "expansion": "Swedish ringa", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ringen, from Old English hrinġan (“to ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringijaną. Cognate with Dutch ringen, Swedish ringa. Of imitative origin.", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "rang", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["nonstandard", "past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "rings", "2": "ringing", "3": "rang", "4": "rung", "past2": "rung", "past2_qual": "nonstandard"}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past rang or (nonstandard) rung, past participle rung)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The bells were ringing in the town.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The deliveryman rang the doorbell to drop off a parcel.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:", "text": "The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, / Hath rung night's yawning peal.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They rang a Christmas carol on their handbells.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Whose mobile phone is ringing?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That does not ring true.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "links": [["appear", "appear"], ["seem", "seem"], ["sound", "sound"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "British English", "English colloquialisms", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "New Zealand English"], "examples": [{"text": "I will ring you when we arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To telephone (someone)."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand) To telephone (someone)."], "tags": ["Australia", "British", "New-Zealand", "colloquial", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 40:", "text": "[…] And many an old philosophy\n⁠On Argive heights divinely sang,\n⁠And round us all the thicket rang\nTo many a flute of Arcady.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:", "text": "So he spoke, and it seemed there was a little halting at first, as of men not liking to take Blackbeard's name in Blackbeard's place, or raise the Devil by mocking at him. But then some of the bolder shouted 'Blackbeard', and so the more timid chimed in, and in a minute there were a score of voices calling 'Blackbeard, Blackbeard', till the place rang again.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:", "text": "It is instructive for us to learn as well as to ponder on the fact that \"the very men who looked down with delight, when the sand of the arena reddened with human blood, made the arena ring with applause when Terence in his famous line: ‘Homo sum, Nihil humani alienum puto’ proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to resound, reverberate, echo."], "links": [["resound", "resound"], ["reverberate", "reverberate"], ["echo", "echo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) to resound, reverberate, echo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Four Bells admit Twenty-four changes in Ringing", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To produce music with bells."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To produce music with bells."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1983, T.C. Knudsen, John Hempstead, A Man's Guide to Women:", "text": "The checkout girl rang it into his total, and he paid the bill.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1990, The New Zealand Law Reports - Volume 3, page 75:", "text": "On presentation of the item at the checkout the original price sticker was concealed from the checkout assistant and a sticker of $38.88 exhibited on the item. The checkout operator rang on the lesser sum, a mistake known to Dronjak. He was subsequently charged with theft.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Tracy E Whipple, A Friend's Last Gift, page 88:", "text": ". The new cashier rang something twice and had to call for the manager to fix the register.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ring up (enter into a cash register or till)"], "links": [["ring up", "ring up"]]}, {"categories": ["English dated terms"], "glosses": ["To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "raw_glosses": ["(dated) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "tags": ["dated"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭaraqa jaras", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "طَرَقَ جَرَس"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sarsar", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "سرسر"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "šaṙačʻel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "շառաչել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zrngal", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զրնգալ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tirrina jo"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvinjécʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звіне́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎntjá", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звънтя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "dringar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "only door-bell", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "trucar"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "ànlíng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "按鈴 /按铃"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiǎng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "響 /响"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "bellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rinkelen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonoradi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "helisema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sunâ"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chtypáo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "χτυπάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "צלצל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ghaṇṭī", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "घंटी"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suonare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "scampanellare"}, {"alt": "なる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "naru", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "roo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "រោទ៍"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ullida", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "울리다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dzvoni", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ѕвони"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "referring to bells", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "pere"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "звонити"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "es", "english": "America", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "timbrar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzveníty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвені́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rung"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "souner"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "klingen", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "קלינגען"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "səsləndirmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "fer sonar"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "weergalmen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "beieren"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonori"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ēkhéō", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ἠχέω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"alt": "ならす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "narasu", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴らす"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "uderzać (w dzwon)"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "bate"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "daqqa", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "دَقَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "bić"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "kilistä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "piristä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvuča", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "звуча"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "kuulostaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klingen"}, {"alt": "きこえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kikoeru", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "聞こえる"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvučátʹ", "sense": "to appear to be", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звуча́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "låta"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "talfana", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تَلْفَنَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangaharel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգահարել"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pazvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "пазвані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "teljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "тэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pateljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "патэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "telefoníram", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́рам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎ diànhuà", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "打電話 /打电话"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["informal", "perfective"], "word": "brnknout"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "opbellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefoneren"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "soittaa (jollekin)"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dareḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "დარეკვა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "anrufen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "צילצל \\ צִלְצֵל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "फ़ोन करना"}, {"alt": "でんわをかける", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa o kakeru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話をかける"}, {"alt": "でんわする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa suru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話する"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwareul geolda", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화를 걸다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwahada", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화하다"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "skambinti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "telefoníra", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́ра"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "rīngi"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "waea"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "telefon kardan", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تلفن کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zadzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pozvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "позвони́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "llamar por teléfono"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonear"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too-rá-sàp", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทรศัพท์"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทร"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "podzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "telefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "телефонува́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zatelefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "зателефонува́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "فون کرنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện thoại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "kêu điện thoại"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "eča", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "еча"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ehtja", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "ехтя"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "kaikua"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "pāorooro"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "resonar"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lunáty", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "луна́ти"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce music with bells", "word": "soittaa kelloja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "tags": ["often"], "word": "toistella"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "loudly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "kailottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "earnestly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "vakuutella"}], "word": "ring"}

ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Requests for translations into Estonian", "Requests for translations into Latvian", "Requests for translations into Mongolian", "Requests for translations into Thai", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "make the welkin ring"}, {"word": "ring a bell"}, {"word": "ring around"}, {"word": "ring back"}, {"word": "ring down the curtain"}, {"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring false"}, {"word": "ring hollow"}, {"word": "ring in"}, {"word": "ringing"}, {"word": "ring off"}, {"word": "ring off the hook"}, {"word": "ring one's bell"}, {"word": "ring out"}, {"word": "ring round"}, {"word": "ring someone's bell"}, {"word": "ring the changes"}, {"word": "ring the devil's doorbell"}, {"word": "ring the welkins"}, {"word": "ring through"}, {"word": "ring true"}, {"word": "ring up"}, {"word": "ring up the curtain"}, {"word": "unring"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Middle English ringen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hringan", "4": "hrinġan", "5": "to ring"}, "expansion": "Old English hrinġan (“to ring”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringijaną", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Dutch ringen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ringa"}, "expansion": "Swedish ringa", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ringen, from Old English hrinġan (“to ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringijaną. Cognate with Dutch ringen, Swedish ringa. Of imitative origin.", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "rang", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["nonstandard", "past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "rings", "2": "ringing", "3": "rang", "4": "rung", "past2": "rung", "past2_qual": "nonstandard"}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past rang or (nonstandard) rung, past participle rung)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The bells were ringing in the town.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The deliveryman rang the doorbell to drop off a parcel.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:", "text": "The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, / Hath rung night's yawning peal.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They rang a Christmas carol on their handbells.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Whose mobile phone is ringing?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That does not ring true.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "links": [["appear", "appear"], ["seem", "seem"], ["sound", "sound"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "British English", "English colloquialisms", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "New Zealand English"], "examples": [{"text": "I will ring you when we arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To telephone (someone)."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand) To telephone (someone)."], "tags": ["Australia", "British", "New-Zealand", "colloquial", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 40:", "text": "[…] And many an old philosophy\n⁠On Argive heights divinely sang,\n⁠And round us all the thicket rang\nTo many a flute of Arcady.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:", "text": "So he spoke, and it seemed there was a little halting at first, as of men not liking to take Blackbeard's name in Blackbeard's place, or raise the Devil by mocking at him. But then some of the bolder shouted 'Blackbeard', and so the more timid chimed in, and in a minute there were a score of voices calling 'Blackbeard, Blackbeard', till the place rang again.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:", "text": "It is instructive for us to learn as well as to ponder on the fact that \"the very men who looked down with delight, when the sand of the arena reddened with human blood, made the arena ring with applause when Terence in his famous line: ‘Homo sum, Nihil humani alienum puto’ proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to resound, reverberate, echo."], "links": [["resound", "resound"], ["reverberate", "reverberate"], ["echo", "echo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) to resound, reverberate, echo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Four Bells admit Twenty-four changes in Ringing", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To produce music with bells."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To produce music with bells."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1983, T.C. Knudsen, John Hempstead, A Man's Guide to Women:", "text": "The checkout girl rang it into his total, and he paid the bill.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1990, The New Zealand Law Reports - Volume 3, page 75:", "text": "On presentation of the item at the checkout the original price sticker was concealed from the checkout assistant and a sticker of $38.88 exhibited on the item. The checkout operator rang on the lesser sum, a mistake known to Dronjak. He was subsequently charged with theft.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Tracy E Whipple, A Friend's Last Gift, page 88:", "text": ". The new cashier rang something twice and had to call for the manager to fix the register.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ring up (enter into a cash register or till)"], "links": [["ring up", "ring up"]]}, {"categories": ["English dated terms"], "glosses": ["To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "raw_glosses": ["(dated) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "tags": ["dated"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭaraqa jaras", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "طَرَقَ جَرَس"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sarsar", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "سرسر"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "šaṙačʻel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "շառաչել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zrngal", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զրնգալ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tirrina jo"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvinjécʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звіне́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎntjá", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звънтя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "dringar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "only door-bell", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "trucar"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "ànlíng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "按鈴 /按铃"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiǎng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "響 /响"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "bellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rinkelen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonoradi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "helisema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sunâ"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chtypáo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "χτυπάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "צלצל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ghaṇṭī", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "घंटी"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suonare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "scampanellare"}, {"alt": "なる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "naru", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "roo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "រោទ៍"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ullida", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "울리다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dzvoni", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ѕвони"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "referring to bells", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "pere"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "звонити"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "es", "english": "America", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "timbrar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzveníty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвені́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rung"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "souner"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "klingen", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "קלינגען"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "səsləndirmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "fer sonar"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "weergalmen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "beieren"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonori"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ēkhéō", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ἠχέω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"alt": "ならす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "narasu", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴らす"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "uderzać (w dzwon)"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "bate"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "daqqa", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "دَقَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "bić"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "kilistä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "piristä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvuča", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "звуча"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "kuulostaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klingen"}, {"alt": "きこえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kikoeru", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "聞こえる"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvučátʹ", "sense": "to appear to be", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звуча́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "låta"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "talfana", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تَلْفَنَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangaharel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգահարել"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pazvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "пазвані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "teljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "тэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pateljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "патэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "telefoníram", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́рам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎ diànhuà", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "打電話 /打电话"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["informal", "perfective"], "word": "brnknout"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "opbellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefoneren"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "soittaa (jollekin)"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dareḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "დარეკვა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "anrufen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "צילצל \\ צִלְצֵל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "फ़ोन करना"}, {"alt": "でんわをかける", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa o kakeru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話をかける"}, {"alt": "でんわする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa suru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話する"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwareul geolda", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화를 걸다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwahada", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화하다"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "skambinti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "telefoníra", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́ра"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "rīngi"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "waea"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "telefon kardan", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تلفن کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zadzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pozvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "позвони́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "llamar por teléfono"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonear"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too-rá-sàp", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทรศัพท์"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทร"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "podzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "telefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "телефонува́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zatelefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "зателефонува́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "فون کرنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện thoại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "kêu điện thoại"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "eča", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "еча"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ehtja", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "ехтя"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "kaikua"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "pāorooro"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "resonar"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lunáty", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "луна́ти"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce music with bells", "word": "soittaa kelloja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "tags": ["often"], "word": "toistella"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "loudly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "kailottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "earnestly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "vakuutella"}], "word": "ring"}

ring (verb) ring/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag New-Zealand not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Old English links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 25 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Esperanto translations", "Requests for review of German translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Latin translations", "Requests for review of Norwegian translations", "Requests for translations into Estonian", "Requests for translations into Latvian", "Requests for translations into Mongolian", "Requests for translations into Thai", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ", "Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/1 syllable", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "en:Circus", "en:Collectives", "en:Diacritical marks", "en:Mathematics", "en:Plant anatomy", "en:Sounds"], "derived": [{"word": "make the welkin ring"}, {"word": "ring a bell"}, {"word": "ring around"}, {"word": "ring back"}, {"word": "ring down the curtain"}, {"word": "ringer"}, {"word": "ring false"}, {"word": "ring hollow"}, {"word": "ring in"}, {"word": "ringing"}, {"word": "ring off"}, {"word": "ring off the hook"}, {"word": "ring one's bell"}, {"word": "ring out"}, {"word": "ring round"}, {"word": "ring someone's bell"}, {"word": "ring the changes"}, {"word": "ring the devil's doorbell"}, {"word": "ring the welkins"}, {"word": "ring through"}, {"word": "ring true"}, {"word": "ring up"}, {"word": "ring up the curtain"}, {"word": "unring"}], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Middle English ringen", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "hringan", "4": "hrinġan", "5": "to ring"}, "expansion": "Old English hrinġan (“to ring”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*hringijaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hringijaną", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "ringen"}, "expansion": "Dutch ringen", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ringa"}, "expansion": "Swedish ringa", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English ringen, from Old English hrinġan (“to ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringijaną. Cognate with Dutch ringen, Swedish ringa. Of imitative origin.", "forms": [{"form": "rings", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "ringing", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "rang", "tags": ["past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["nonstandard", "past"]}, {"form": "rung", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "rings", "2": "ringing", "3": "rang", "4": "rung", "past2": "rung", "past2_qual": "nonstandard"}, "expansion": "ring (third-person singular simple present rings, present participle ringing, simple past rang or (nonstandard) rung, past participle rung)", "name": "en-verb"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The bells were ringing in the town.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "The deliveryman rang the doorbell to drop off a parcel.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:", "text": "The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, / Hath rung night's yawning peal.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs"], "examples": [{"text": "They rang a Christmas carol on their handbells.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing."], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Whose mobile phone is ringing?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "links": [["bell", "bell"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That does not ring true.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "links": [["appear", "appear"], ["seem", "seem"], ["sound", "sound"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound."], "tags": ["figuratively", "intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["Australian English", "British English", "English colloquialisms", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "New Zealand English"], "examples": [{"text": "I will ring you when we arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["To telephone (someone)."], "raw_glosses": ["(transitive, colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand) To telephone (someone)."], "tags": ["Australia", "British", "New-Zealand", "colloquial", "transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXIII, page 40:", "text": "[…] And many an old philosophy\n⁠On Argive heights divinely sang,\n⁠And round us all the thicket rang\nTo many a flute of Arcady.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:", "text": "So he spoke, and it seemed there was a little halting at first, as of men not liking to take Blackbeard's name in Blackbeard's place, or raise the Devil by mocking at him. But then some of the bolder shouted 'Blackbeard', and so the more timid chimed in, and in a minute there were a score of voices calling 'Blackbeard, Blackbeard', till the place rang again.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1919, Boris Sidis, The Source and Aim of Human Progress:", "text": "It is instructive for us to learn as well as to ponder on the fact that \"the very men who looked down with delight, when the sand of the arena reddened with human blood, made the arena ring with applause when Terence in his famous line: ‘Homo sum, Nihil humani alienum puto’ proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to resound, reverberate, echo."], "links": [["resound", "resound"], ["reverberate", "reverberate"], ["echo", "echo"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) to resound, reverberate, echo."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1669, William Holder, Elements of Speech: An Essay of Inquiry into the Natural Production of Letters: […], London: […] T. N[ewcomb] for J[ohn] Martyn printer to the R[oyal] Society, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Four Bells admit Twenty-four changes in Ringing", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To produce music with bells."], "links": [["music", "music"]], "raw_glosses": ["(intransitive) To produce music with bells."], "tags": ["intransitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1983, T.C. Knudsen, John Hempstead, A Man's Guide to Women:", "text": "The checkout girl rang it into his total, and he paid the bill.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1990, The New Zealand Law Reports - Volume 3, page 75:", "text": "On presentation of the item at the checkout the original price sticker was concealed from the checkout assistant and a sticker of $38.88 exhibited on the item. The checkout operator rang on the lesser sum, a mistake known to Dronjak. He was subsequently charged with theft.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Tracy E Whipple, A Friend's Last Gift, page 88:", "text": ". The new cashier rang something twice and had to call for the manager to fix the register.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To ring up (enter into a cash register or till)"], "links": [["ring up", "ring up"]]}, {"categories": ["English dated terms"], "glosses": ["To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "raw_glosses": ["(dated) To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly."], "tags": ["dated"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "rĭng", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/ɹɪŋ/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "en-us-ring.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg/En-us-ring.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-ring.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"}, {"homophone": "wring"}], "translations": [{"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ṭaraqa jaras", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "طَرَقَ جَرَس"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sarsar", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Moroccan-Arabic"], "word": "سرسر"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "šaṙačʻel", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "շառաչել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zrngal", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "զրնգալ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tirrina jo"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvinjécʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звіне́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎntjá", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звънтя́"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "dringar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "only door-bell", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "trucar"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "ànlíng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "按鈴 /按铃"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiǎng", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "響 /响"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "bellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rinkelen"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonoradi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "helisema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sunâ"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "chtypáo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "χτυπάω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "צלצל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ghaṇṭī", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "घंटी"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suonare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "scampanellare"}, {"alt": "なる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "naru", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "roo", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "រោទ៍"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ullida", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "울리다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "dzvoni", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "ѕвони"}, {"code": "mi", "english": "referring to bells", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "pere"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "звонити"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "zvoniti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "es", "english": "America", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "timbrar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzveníty", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвені́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "rung"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "souner"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "klingen", "sense": "(intr.) to produce a resonant sound", "word": "קלינגען"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "səsləndirmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "fer sonar"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "zvonit"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "weergalmen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "beieren"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonori"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "repenicar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ēkhéō", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ἠχέω"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "csenget"}, {"alt": "ならす", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "narasu", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "鳴らす"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tinniō"}, {"code": "nrm", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["Jersey"], "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "uderzać (w dzwon)"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "tocar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "bate"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to make something produce a resonant sound", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "daqqa", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "دَقَّ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "soittaa"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "läuten"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "bić"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajānā", "sense": "(tr.) to produce a sound by ringing", "word": "بجانا"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soida"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "kilistä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "piristä"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "sonner"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "klingeln"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvenétʹ", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звене́ть"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "çalmak"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "bajnā", "sense": "(intr.) to produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound", "word": "بجنا"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "səslənmək"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvuča", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "звуча"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klinken"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "luiden"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "kuulostaa"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "klingen"}, {"alt": "きこえる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "kikoeru", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "聞こえる"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "soar"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvučátʹ", "sense": "to appear to be", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звуча́ть"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "sonar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to appear to be", "word": "låta"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "talfana", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تَلْفَنَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ranna", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "رَنَّ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "zangaharel", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "զանգահարել"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "zvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pazvanícʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "пазвані́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "teljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "тэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pateljefanavácʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "патэлефанава́ць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "telefoníram", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́рам"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zvǎnja", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "звъня"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎ diànhuà", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "打電話 /打电话"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolat"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["informal", "perfective"], "word": "brnknout"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "opbellen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefoneren"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "soittaa (jollekin)"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dareḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "დარეკვა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "reḳva", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "რეკვა"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "anrufen"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "tsiltsél", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "צילצל \\ צִלְצֵל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "फ़ोन करना"}, {"alt": "でんわをかける", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa o kakeru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話をかける"}, {"alt": "でんわする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "denwa suru", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "電話する"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwareul geolda", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화를 걸다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeonhwahada", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "전화하다"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "skambinti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "telefoníra", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective", "perfective"], "word": "телефони́ра"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "rīngi"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "waea"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringe"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringja"}, {"code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "telefon kardan", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "تلفن کردن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "dzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zadzwonić"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonować"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonować"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "chamar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ligar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "suna"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "звони́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pozvonítʹ", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "позвони́ть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "telefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zatelefonovať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "volať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "zavolať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "llamar por teléfono"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "telefonear"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "ringa"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too-rá-sàp", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทรศัพท์"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "too", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "โทร"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "dzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "дзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "podzvonýty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "подзвони́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "telefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "телефонува́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "zatelefonuváty", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "зателефонува́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "fon karnā", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "فون کرنا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện thoại"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "gọi điện"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to telephone (someone)", "word": "kêu điện thoại"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "eča", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "еча"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ehtja", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "ехтя"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "kaikua"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "pāorooro"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "word": "resonar"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lunáty", "sense": "to resound, reverberate, echo", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "луна́ти"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "(intr.) to produce music with bells", "word": "soittaa kelloja"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "tags": ["often"], "word": "toistella"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "loudly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "kailottaa"}, {"code": "fi", "english": "earnestly", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to repeat often, loudly, or earnestly", "word": "vakuutella"}], "word": "ring"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.