English Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

above/English/prep

2: above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}
2: above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}
1: above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}
1: above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag Hijazi-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}
1: above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag North-Korea not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

above (prep) above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

above (prep) above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

above (prep) above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag Hijazi-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

above (prep) above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag Hijazi-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag North-Korea not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

above (prep) above/English/prep: invalid uppercase tag North-Korea not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Afrikaans translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Italian translations", "Requests for review of Korean translations", "Requests for review of Maltese translations", "Requests for review of Telugu translations", "Requests for review of Turkish translations", "Requests for review of Vietnamese translations", "Rhymes:English/ʌv", "Rhymes:English/ʌv/2 syllables", "Terms with Abenaki translations", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Sierra Miwok translations", "Terms with Chamicuro translations", "Terms with Chickasaw translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Farefare translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manggarai translations", "Terms with Mansaka translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Ojibwe translations", "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Polabian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ugaritic translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with Western Bukidnon Manobo translations", "Terms with Woiwurrung translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations"], "derived": [{"word": "above a bit"}, {"word": "above all"}, {"word": "above and beyond"}, {"word": "above average"}, {"word": "above-board"}, {"word": "above board"}, {"word": "abovedeck"}, {"word": "Above Derwent"}, {"word": "abovedescribed"}, {"word": "above grass"}, {"word": "above ground"}, {"word": "aboveground"}, {"word": "above-ground"}, {"word": "above-line"}, {"word": "abovelisted"}, {"word": "above measure"}, {"word": "abovementioned"}, {"word": "aboveness"}, {"word": "above one's bend"}, {"word": "above oneself"}, {"word": "above one's huckleberry"}, {"word": "above one's pay grade"}, {"word": "above one's paygrade"}, {"word": "above one's station"}, {"word": "above par"}, {"word": "above proof"}, {"word": "above-stairs"}, {"word": "abovestairs"}, {"word": "above stairs"}, {"word": "abovestated"}, {"word": "above the curve"}, {"word": "above-the-fold"}, {"word": "above the fold"}, {"word": "above the fray"}, {"word": "above the law"}, {"word": "above the line"}, {"word": "above the rim"}, {"word": "above the salt"}, {"word": "above-water"}, {"word": "above water"}, {"word": "a notch above"}, {"word": "brood above"}, {"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"}, {"word": "cut above"}, {"word": "don't get above your raising"}, {"word": "get above oneself"}, {"word": "gift from above"}, {"word": "heavens above"}, {"word": "height above average terrain"}, {"word": "hell from above"}, {"word": "hereabove"}, {"word": "hereinabove"}, {"word": "hit above one's weight"}, {"word": "hold one's head above water"}, {"word": "hook above"}, {"word": "huckleberry above a persimmon"}, {"word": "huckleberry above one's persimmon"}, {"word": "keep one's head above the water"}, {"word": "keep one's head above water"}, {"word": "lie above"}, {"word": "over and above"}, {"word": "punch above"}, {"word": "punch above one's weight"}, {"word": "put one's head above the parapet"}, {"word": "rise above"}, {"word": "thereabove"}, {"word": "thereinabove"}, {"word": "up above"}, {"word": "whereabove"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "above"}, "expansion": "Middle English above", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ābufan"}, "expansion": "Old English ābufan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "is", "2": "ofan", "3": "", "4": "from above"}, "expansion": "Icelandic ofan (“from above”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "dum", "2": "bōven"}, "expansion": "Middle Dutch bōven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "ofs", "2": "bova"}, "expansion": "Old Frisian bova", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "gmh", "2": "bobene"}, "expansion": "Middle High German bobene", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "da", "2": "oven"}, "expansion": "Danish oven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nl", "2": "boven"}, "expansion": "Dutch boven", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "oben"}, "expansion": "German oben", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "sv", "2": "ovan"}, "expansion": "Swedish ovan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "osx", "2": "oban", "3": "oƀan"}, "expansion": "Old Saxon oƀan", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "goh", "2": "obana"}, "expansion": "Old High German obana", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from on (“on”) + bufan (“over”), (akin to Icelandic ofan (“from above”), Middle Dutch bōven, Old Frisian bova, Middle High German bobene) from bī (“by”) + ufan (“over”); also cognate with Danish oven, Dutch boven, German oben, Swedish ovan, Old Saxon oƀan, Old High German obana.\nThe preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "prepositions", "head": ""}, "expansion": "above", "name": "head"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "above", "name": "en-prep"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "prep", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "He always put his coat on above his sweater.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing."], "links": [["Physically", "physically"]]}, {"antonyms": [{"word": "below"}, {"word": "beneath"}], "categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:20:", "text": "And God said, Let the waters bring foorth aboundantly the mouing creature that hath life, and foule that may flie aboue the earth in the open firmament of heauen.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:", "text": "Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps, […] and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, pages 206–7:", "text": "Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Idaho is above Utah.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Farther north than."]}, {"glosses": ["Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "to cut above average", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Even the chief of police is not above suspicion.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He was always above reproach.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I thought you said you were above these kinds of antics.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That's above my comprehension.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, act I, scene i:", "text": "Thy worth, sweet friend, is far above my gifts,", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 26:13:", "text": "At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightnes of the Sunne, shining round about mee, and them which iourneyed with me.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "links": [["surpassing", "surpassing"]], "raw_glosses": ["(figuratively) Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts."], "tags": ["figuratively"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "to stand head and shoulders above the rest", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1791, John Walker, A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary […] , London: Sold by G. G. J. and J. Robinſon, Paternoſter Row; and T. Cadell, in the Strand, →OCLC, page 557:", "text": "☞ This word [wrap] is often pronounced wrop, rhyming with top, even by ſpeakers much above the vulgar.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Higher in rank, status, or position."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with collocations", "Scottish English"], "examples": [{"text": "above and beyond the call of duty", "type": "example"}, {"text": "over and above", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["In addition to; besides."], "links": [["besides", "besides"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Scotland) In addition to; besides."], "tags": ["Scotland"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "That amount is way above our asking price.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Surpassing in number or quantity; more than."], "links": [["Surpassing", "surpassing"]]}, {"glosses": ["In preference to."]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The owner was above taking more than a token salary.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;"], "links": [["proud", "proud"], ["averse", "averse"], ["disinclined", "disinclined"]]}, {"glosses": ["Beyond; on the other side."]}, {"categories": ["en:Theater"], "glosses": ["Upstage of."], "links": [["theater", "theater"], ["Upstage", "upstage"]], "raw_glosses": ["(theater) Upstage of."], "topics": ["entertainment", "lifestyle", "theater"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "ə-bŭvʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/əˈbʌv/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"audio": "en-us-above.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg/En-us-above.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-us-above.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ʌv"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "aboue"}], "translations": [{"code": "abe", "lang": "Abenaki", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Tasiwi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "acw", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōg", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["Hijazi-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "отгоре"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-gore", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "по-горе"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "csm", "lang": "Central Sierra Miwok", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "líl·e-m·yˀ"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "a-ugh dhe"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "bovenop"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "sur"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "über"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "ufar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "apó páno", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "από πάνω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupér", "sense": "over, on top of", "tags": ["with-accusative"], "word": "ὑπέρ"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ke ūpar", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "के ऊपर"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "lastuas de"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "над"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "over"}, {"code": "oj", "lang": "Ojibwe", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ishpayi'ii"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "owwe"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "acima"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "pata"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "peste"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "iznad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "na"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "encima"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ovanför"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thod la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོད་ལ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "thog la", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "ཐོག་ལ"}, {"code": "wyi", "lang": "Woiwurrung", "sense": "over, on top of", "word": "koov-ee"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lart"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "mbi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "فَوقَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "fōʔ", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "فوق"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "disuprã"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "prisuprã"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otgore na", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "отгоре на"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po-visoko ot", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "по-високо от"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "a.pau", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "အပေါ်"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "damunt"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²...soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenover"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenpå"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "oppe over"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "hoger dan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "üles"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yllä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "päällä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylempänä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ylemmäs"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "au-dessus de"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sore"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "über"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "páno", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "πάνω"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "anlè"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... के ऊपर"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölött"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felett"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "fölé"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "felé"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "os cionn"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sopra"}, {"alt": "...のうえに", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "... no ue ni", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...の上に"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "u-i", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "우이"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...wi-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "...위에"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "...u-e", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["North-Korea"], "word": "...우에"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "raserî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li hindavî"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "li ser"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "virs"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "atas"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "runga"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "vartī", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "वरती"}, {"code": "gun", "lang": "Mbyá Guaraní", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "áry"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "bikáaʼgi"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovenfor"}, {"code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yukarı", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "یوقاری"}, {"code": "pox", "lang": "Polabian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "boven"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "em cima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "deasupra"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "survart"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "soura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sesura"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "süsur"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["with-instrumental"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "над"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nad"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "supra"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sùpira"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "górjejce"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "arriba"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "encima de"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "suso"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "tags": ["rare"], "word": "asuso"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "över"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ovan"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ibabaw"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "mēlē", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "மேலே"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "nʉ̌ʉa", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "เหนือ"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "yukarıya"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "над"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "... ke ūpar", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "... کے اوپر"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sovra"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "sora"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "trên"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "dizeu"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "uwchben"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "in or to a higher place", "word": "lórí"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "šamāliyy", "sense": "farther north", "word": "شَمَالِيّ"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai²…soeng⁶ bin⁶", "sense": "farther north", "word": "喺…上便"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài...shàngmiàn", "sense": "farther north", "word": "在...上面"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "farther north", "word": "ten noorden van"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "farther north", "word": "pohjoisempana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "out of reach, heightwise", "word": "ylle"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔaʕlā", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "أَعْلَى"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "výšej", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "вы́шэй"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "pa-nád", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "па-на́д"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "nad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "над"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "visš", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "висш"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "par-dessus"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "über"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "di ser re"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "whakatamatama"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "over"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "utover"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "powyżej"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prevýše", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "превы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "itaas"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "üstünde"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "ponad", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "понад"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "poza", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "поза"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "superior to, surpassing", "word": "ådzeu di"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "een trapje hoger"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "met een hogere rang"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "higher in rank", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "bovendien"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "daarenboven"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "ḥr", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "Hr:Z1"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in addition to", "word": "lisäksi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔakṯār", "sense": "more", "word": "أَكْثٰر"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "osven tova", "sense": "more", "word": "освен това"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "ošte poveče", "sense": "more", "word": "още повече"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "more", "word": "meer dan"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "more", "word": "yli"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "more", "word": "plus de"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "more", "word": "über"}, {"alt": "me`ál", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "more", "word": "מעל"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "more", "word": "zêdeyî"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "super"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "more", "word": "suprā"}, {"code": "mr", "lang": "Marathi", "roman": "āṇkhī", "sense": "more", "word": "आणखी"}, {"code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "more", "word": "over"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "more", "word": "ponad"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "acima de"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais que"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "more", "word": "mais de"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "svýše", "sense": "more", "word": "свы́ше"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "abune"}, {"code": "sco", "lang": "Scots", "sense": "more", "word": "aboon"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "more", "word": "za"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "more", "word": "nad"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "more", "word": "sobre"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "more", "word": "daha"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "pus ki"}, {"code": "wa", "lang": "Walloon", "sense": "more", "word": "dipus ki"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕalā", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "على"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "mieluummin (kuin)"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "in preference to", "word": "pred"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "too proud or averse to", "word": "yläpuolella"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "upstage of", "word": "taaempana"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "otvǎd", "sense": "beyond", "word": "отвъд"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "beyond", "word": "takana"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "über"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "beyond", "word": "jenseits"}], "word": "above"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.