See roof in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: roof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: roof"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch roof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*rōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *rōf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*raub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *raub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raubaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raubaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch roof, from Old Dutch *rōf, *rouf, from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raubaz. More at robe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roofje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "roof m (plural roven, diminutive roofje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"roof"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 3 38 38 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bankroof"
},
{
"word": "broodroof"
},
{
"word": "lijkroof"
},
{
"word": "roofdier"
},
{
"word": "roofridder"
},
{
"word": "rover"
}
],
"glosses": [
"robbery, robbing, banditry, rapine"
],
"id": "en-roof-nl-noun-XXVJa9oT",
"links": [
[
"robbery",
"robbery"
],
[
"robbing",
"robbing"
],
[
"banditry",
"banditry"
],
[
"rapine",
"rapine"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/roːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-roof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg/Nl-roof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"word": "roof"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch roof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*rōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *rōf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*raub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *raub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raubaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raubaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch roof, from Old Dutch *rōf, *rouf, from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raubaz. More at robe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "roof",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"roof"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 25 25 3 2 2 3 11 8 1 2 6 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 29 29 2 1 1 2 11 5 0 1 6 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 38 38 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "roven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of roven:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-roof-nl-verb-73CerygZ",
"links": [
[
"roven",
"roven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 2 25 25 3 2 2 3 11 8 1 2 6 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 29 29 2 1 1 2 11 5 0 1 6 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 38 38 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "roven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of roven:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-roof-nl-verb-qm~Em2CQ",
"links": [
[
"roven",
"roven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of roven:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "roven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of roven:",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-roof-nl-verb-vQUGDBb5",
"links": [
[
"roven",
"roven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/roːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-roof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg/Nl-roof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"word": "roof"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: roof"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rōve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rōve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruf"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ruf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Roff"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Roff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrufa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrufa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dandruff"
},
"expansion": "English dandruff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewp-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewp-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rōve. Cognate with Old High German ruf (Luxembourgish Roff), Old Norse hrufa (English dandruff). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krewp-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "roof f (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"roof"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"scab (on a wound)"
],
"id": "en-roof-nl-noun-CJaV59VA",
"links": [
[
"scab",
"scab"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "korst"
},
{
"word": "wondkorst"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/roːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-roof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg/Nl-roof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"word": "roof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bankroof"
},
{
"word": "broodroof"
},
{
"word": "lijkroof"
},
{
"word": "roofdier"
},
{
"word": "roofridder"
},
{
"word": "rover"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: roof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: roof"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch roof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*rōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *rōf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*raub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *raub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raubaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raubaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch roof, from Old Dutch *rōf, *rouf, from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raubaz. More at robe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roofje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "roof m (plural roven, diminutive roofje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"roof"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"robbery, robbing, banditry, rapine"
],
"links": [
[
"robbery",
"robbery"
],
[
"robbing",
"robbing"
],
[
"banditry",
"banditry"
],
[
"rapine",
"rapine"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/roːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-roof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg/Nl-roof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"word": "roof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch roof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*rōf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *rōf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*raub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *raub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raubaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raubaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch roof, from Old Dutch *rōf, *rouf, from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raubaz. More at robe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "roof",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"roof"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "roven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of roven:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"roven",
"roven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "roven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of roven:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"roven",
"roven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of roven:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "roven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of roven:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"roven",
"roven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/roːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-roof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg/Nl-roof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"word": "roof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːf/1 syllable"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "roof"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: roof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: roof"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rōve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rōve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruf"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ruf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Roff"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Roff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrufa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrufa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dandruff"
},
"expansion": "English dandruff",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewp-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewp-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rōve. Cognate with Old High German ruf (Luxembourgish Roff), Old Norse hrufa (English dandruff). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krewp-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "roof f (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"roof"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"scab (on a wound)"
],
"links": [
[
"scab",
"scab"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "korst"
},
{
"word": "wondkorst"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/roːf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-roof.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg/Nl-roof.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Nl-roof.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːf"
}
],
"word": "roof"
}
Download raw JSONL data for roof meaning in Dutch (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.