See pijnlijk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "pynlik"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "pijnlijc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch pijnlijc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "peinlich"
},
"expansion": "German peinlich",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pijn",
"3": "-lijk"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, pijn + -lijk",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch pijnlijc, pinelike. Compare German peinlich. By surface analysis, pijn + -lijk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pijnlijker",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijker",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het pijnlijkst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het pijnlijkste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijker",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pijnlijk (comparative pijnlijker, superlative pijnlijkst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pijn",
"lijk"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 8 38 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 30 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "nl:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"english": "The fall was very painful.",
"text": "De val was erg pijnlijk.",
"translation": "The fall was very painful.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
16
]
],
"english": "I have a painful knee after running.",
"text": "Ik heb een pijnlijke knie na het hardlopen.",
"translation": "I have a painful knee after running.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
31
]
],
"english": "A toothache can be very painful.",
"text": "Een kiespijn kan zeer pijnlijk zijn.",
"translation": "A toothache can be very painful.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"painful (physically)"
],
"id": "en-pijnlijk-nl-adj-P3-oDn9a",
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 30 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "nl:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"english": "The divorce was a painful experience for both.",
"text": "De scheiding was een pijnlijke ervaring voor beiden.",
"translation": "The divorce was a painful experience for both.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"english": "Losing a friend is painful.",
"text": "Het verliezen van een vriend is pijnlijk.",
"translation": "Losing a friend is painful.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
52
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
33,
40
]
],
"english": "Memories of that night are still painful for her.",
"text": "Herinneringen aan die nacht zijn nog steeds pijnlijk voor haar.",
"translation": "Memories of that night are still painful for her.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"painful (psychologically)"
],
"id": "en-pijnlijk-nl-adj-8XqCGlNV",
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 8 38 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms suffixed with -lijk",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 30 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "nl:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
31
]
],
"english": "Your comment was really hurtful.",
"text": "Je opmerking was echt pijnlijk.",
"translation": "Your comment was really hurtful.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"english": "It was an awkward moment when he fell.",
"text": "Het was een pijnlijk moment toen hij viel.",
"translation": "It was an awkward moment when he fell.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
17,
29
]
],
"english": "That blunder was embarrassing to watch.",
"text": "Die blunder was pijnlijk om naar te kijken.",
"translation": "That blunder was embarrassing to watch.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hurtful, awkward, embarrassing"
],
"id": "en-pijnlijk-nl-adj-skF~HTXX",
"links": [
[
"hurtful",
"hurtful"
],
[
"awkward",
"awkward"
],
[
"embarrassing",
"embarrassing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 8 38 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms suffixed with -lijk",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 30 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "nl:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"english": "I have a sore throat after screaming at the concert.",
"text": "Ik heb een pijnlijke keel na het schreeuwen op het concert.",
"translation": "I have a sore throat after screaming at the concert.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"english": "After the surgery, he had an aching wound.",
"text": "Na de operatie had hij een pijnlijke wond.",
"translation": "After the surgery, he had an aching wound.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sore, aching"
],
"id": "en-pijnlijk-nl-adj-ZyD-dZi7",
"links": [
[
"sore",
"sore"
],
[
"aching",
"aching"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛi̯n.lək/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pijnlijk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Nl-pijnlijk.ogg/Nl-pijnlijk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Nl-pijnlijk.ogg"
}
],
"word": "pijnlijk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms suffixed with -lijk",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"nl:Pain"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "pynlik"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "pijnlijc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch pijnlijc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "peinlich"
},
"expansion": "German peinlich",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pijn",
"3": "-lijk"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, pijn + -lijk",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch pijnlijc, pinelike. Compare German peinlich. By surface analysis, pijn + -lijk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pijnlijker",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijker",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het pijnlijkst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het pijnlijkste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijker",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "pijnlijkers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pijnlijk (comparative pijnlijker, superlative pijnlijkst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pijn",
"lijk"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"english": "The fall was very painful.",
"text": "De val was erg pijnlijk.",
"translation": "The fall was very painful.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
16
]
],
"english": "I have a painful knee after running.",
"text": "Ik heb een pijnlijke knie na het hardlopen.",
"translation": "I have a painful knee after running.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
31
]
],
"english": "A toothache can be very painful.",
"text": "Een kiespijn kan zeer pijnlijk zijn.",
"translation": "A toothache can be very painful.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"painful (physically)"
],
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"english": "The divorce was a painful experience for both.",
"text": "De scheiding was een pijnlijke ervaring voor beiden.",
"translation": "The divorce was a painful experience for both.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
40
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
26
]
],
"english": "Losing a friend is painful.",
"text": "Het verliezen van een vriend is pijnlijk.",
"translation": "Losing a friend is painful.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
52
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
33,
40
]
],
"english": "Memories of that night are still painful for her.",
"text": "Herinneringen aan die nacht zijn nog steeds pijnlijk voor haar.",
"translation": "Memories of that night are still painful for her.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"painful (psychologically)"
],
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
31
]
],
"english": "Your comment was really hurtful.",
"text": "Je opmerking was echt pijnlijk.",
"translation": "Your comment was really hurtful.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"english": "It was an awkward moment when he fell.",
"text": "Het was een pijnlijk moment toen hij viel.",
"translation": "It was an awkward moment when he fell.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
17,
29
]
],
"english": "That blunder was embarrassing to watch.",
"text": "Die blunder was pijnlijk om naar te kijken.",
"translation": "That blunder was embarrassing to watch.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hurtful, awkward, embarrassing"
],
"links": [
[
"hurtful",
"hurtful"
],
[
"awkward",
"awkward"
],
[
"embarrassing",
"embarrassing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"english": "I have a sore throat after screaming at the concert.",
"text": "Ik heb een pijnlijke keel na het schreeuwen op het concert.",
"translation": "I have a sore throat after screaming at the concert.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"english": "After the surgery, he had an aching wound.",
"text": "Na de operatie had hij een pijnlijke wond.",
"translation": "After the surgery, he had an aching wound.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sore, aching"
],
"links": [
[
"sore",
"sore"
],
[
"aching",
"aching"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛi̯n.lək/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pijnlijk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Nl-pijnlijk.ogg/Nl-pijnlijk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Nl-pijnlijk.ogg"
}
],
"word": "pijnlijk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pijnlijk meaning in Dutch (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.