See pad in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "pad"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: pad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: pad"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "pata"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: pata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: pata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "pât",
"3": "pāt"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: pât, pāt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: pât, pāt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "pad",
"3": "pat"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: pad, pat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: pad, pat"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "pat"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch pat",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "path"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch path",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*paþ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *paþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*paþaz",
"4": "",
"5": "path"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *paþaz (“path”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "path"
},
"expansion": "English path",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "paad"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian paad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pfad"
},
"expansion": "German Pfad",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch pat, from Old Dutch path, from Proto-West Germanic *paþ, from Proto-Germanic *paþaz (“path”). Cognate with English path, West Frisian paad and German Pfad.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paden",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paadje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-:en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "pad n (plural paden, diminutive paadje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pad"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch nouns with lengthened vowel in the plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 13 35",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Roads",
"orig": "nl:Roads",
"parents": [
"Road transport",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 42 47",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Amphibians",
"orig": "nl:Amphibians",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bergpad"
},
{
"word": "bospad"
},
{
"word": "duinpad"
},
{
"word": "fietspad"
},
{
"word": "gangpad"
},
{
"word": "geitenpad"
},
{
"word": "grindpad"
},
{
"word": "hazenpad"
},
{
"word": "kerkpad"
},
{
"word": "kiezelpad"
},
{
"word": "modderpad"
},
{
"word": "olifantenpad"
},
{
"word": "padvinder"
},
{
"word": "ruiterpad"
},
{
"word": "schelpenpad"
},
{
"word": "tuinpad"
},
{
"word": "voetpad"
},
{
"word": "wandelpad"
},
{
"word": "zandpad"
},
{
"word": "zijpad"
}
],
"glosses": [
"path (narrow road, usually unpaved)"
],
"id": "en-pad-nl-noun-lSL9MBLK",
"links": [
[
"path",
"path"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɑt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pad.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg/Nl-pad.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑt"
}
],
"word": "pad"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "padda"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: padda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: padda"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "padde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch padde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*padda"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *padda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*paddā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *paddā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*paddǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "toad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *paddǭ (“toad”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "padde"
},
"expansion": "Old English padde",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paddock"
},
"expansion": "English paddock",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "padda"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse padda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "padda"
},
"expansion": "Swedish padda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch padde, pedde, from Old Dutch *padda, from Proto-West Germanic *paddā, from Proto-Germanic *paddǭ (“toad”).\nCognates\nCognate with Old English padde (compare English paddock), Old Norse padda (Swedish padda, Danish/Norwegian padde).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "padden",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "padje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-je"
},
"expansion": "pad f (plural padden, diminutive padje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pad"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 42 47",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Amphibians",
"orig": "nl:Amphibians",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bruine pad"
},
{
"word": "donderpad"
},
{
"word": "gewone pad"
},
{
"word": "groene pad"
},
{
"word": "knoflookpad"
},
{
"word": "paddenstoel"
},
{
"word": "paddentrek"
},
{
"word": "padhagedis"
},
{
"word": "reuzenpad"
},
{
"word": "rugstreeppad"
},
{
"word": "schildpad"
},
{
"word": "Surinaamse pad"
},
{
"word": "vuurbuikpad"
},
{
"word": "vuurpad"
}
],
"glosses": [
"toad (an amphibian of the order Anura similar to a frog with shorter legs and more ragged skin)"
],
"id": "en-pad-nl-noun-r5Re~1G9",
"links": [
[
"toad",
"toad"
],
[
"amphibian",
"amphibian#English"
],
[
"Anura",
"Anura#English"
],
[
"frog",
"frog#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɑt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pad.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg/Nl-pad.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑt"
}
],
"word": "pad"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "padden",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "padje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-je"
},
"expansion": "pad c (plural padden, diminutive padje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pad"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Cycling",
"orig": "nl:Cycling",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 7 2 0 1 0 2 2 2 4 0 1 1 2 5 0 3 0 5 0 2 2 1 6 1 4 1 4 2 2 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 1 2 5 0 0 1 2 1 0 6 1 4 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 7 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 4 0 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 5 0 2 2 0 7 1 4 1 5 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 2 0 0 7 0 4 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 32 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch nouns with common gender",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 42 47",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Amphibians",
"orig": "nl:Amphibians",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the slot in the frame that accepts the axle of the wheel; dropout"
],
"id": "en-pad-nl-noun-Eiz55DwT",
"links": [
[
"cycling",
"cycling#Noun"
],
[
"slot",
"slot"
],
[
"frame",
"frame"
],
[
"axle",
"axle"
],
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
],
[
"dropout",
"dropout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cycling) the slot in the frame that accepts the axle of the wheel; dropout"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"cycling",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɑt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pad.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg/Nl-pad.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑt"
}
],
"word": "pad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch common-gender nouns",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with common gender",
"Dutch nouns with lengthened vowel in the plural",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑt",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑt/1 syllable",
"nl:Amphibians",
"nl:Roads"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bergpad"
},
{
"word": "bospad"
},
{
"word": "duinpad"
},
{
"word": "fietspad"
},
{
"word": "gangpad"
},
{
"word": "geitenpad"
},
{
"word": "grindpad"
},
{
"word": "hazenpad"
},
{
"word": "kerkpad"
},
{
"word": "kiezelpad"
},
{
"word": "modderpad"
},
{
"word": "olifantenpad"
},
{
"word": "padvinder"
},
{
"word": "ruiterpad"
},
{
"word": "schelpenpad"
},
{
"word": "tuinpad"
},
{
"word": "voetpad"
},
{
"word": "wandelpad"
},
{
"word": "zandpad"
},
{
"word": "zijpad"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "pad"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: pad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: pad"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "pata"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: pata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: pata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "pât",
"3": "pāt"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: pât, pāt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: pât, pāt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "pad",
"3": "pat"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: pad, pat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: pad, pat"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "pat"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch pat",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "path"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch path",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*paþ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *paþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*paþaz",
"4": "",
"5": "path"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *paþaz (“path”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "path"
},
"expansion": "English path",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "paad"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian paad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pfad"
},
"expansion": "German Pfad",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch pat, from Old Dutch path, from Proto-West Germanic *paþ, from Proto-Germanic *paþaz (“path”). Cognate with English path, West Frisian paad and German Pfad.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paden",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paadje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-:en",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "pad n (plural paden, diminutive paadje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pad"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"path (narrow road, usually unpaved)"
],
"links": [
[
"path",
"path"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɑt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pad.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg/Nl-pad.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑt"
}
],
"word": "pad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch common-gender nouns",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with common gender",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑt",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑt/1 syllable",
"nl:Amphibians",
"nl:Roads"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bruine pad"
},
{
"word": "donderpad"
},
{
"word": "gewone pad"
},
{
"word": "groene pad"
},
{
"word": "knoflookpad"
},
{
"word": "paddenstoel"
},
{
"word": "paddentrek"
},
{
"word": "padhagedis"
},
{
"word": "reuzenpad"
},
{
"word": "rugstreeppad"
},
{
"word": "schildpad"
},
{
"word": "Surinaamse pad"
},
{
"word": "vuurbuikpad"
},
{
"word": "vuurpad"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "padda"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: padda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: padda"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "padde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch padde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*padda"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *padda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*paddā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *paddā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*paddǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "toad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *paddǭ (“toad”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "padde"
},
"expansion": "Old English padde",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paddock"
},
"expansion": "English paddock",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "padda"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse padda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "padda"
},
"expansion": "Swedish padda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch padde, pedde, from Old Dutch *padda, from Proto-West Germanic *paddā, from Proto-Germanic *paddǭ (“toad”).\nCognates\nCognate with Old English padde (compare English paddock), Old Norse padda (Swedish padda, Danish/Norwegian padde).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "padden",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "padje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-je"
},
"expansion": "pad f (plural padden, diminutive padje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pad"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"toad (an amphibian of the order Anura similar to a frog with shorter legs and more ragged skin)"
],
"links": [
[
"toad",
"toad"
],
[
"amphibian",
"amphibian#English"
],
[
"Anura",
"Anura#English"
],
[
"frog",
"frog#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɑt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pad.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg/Nl-pad.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑt"
}
],
"word": "pad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch common-gender nouns",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with common gender",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑt",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑt/1 syllable",
"nl:Amphibians",
"nl:Roads"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "padden",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "padje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-je"
},
"expansion": "pad c (plural padden, diminutive padje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pad"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"nl:Cycling"
],
"glosses": [
"the slot in the frame that accepts the axle of the wheel; dropout"
],
"links": [
[
"cycling",
"cycling#Noun"
],
[
"slot",
"slot"
],
[
"frame",
"frame"
],
[
"axle",
"axle"
],
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
],
[
"dropout",
"dropout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cycling) the slot in the frame that accepts the axle of the wheel; dropout"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"cycling",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɑt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pad.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg/Nl-pad.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Nl-pad.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑt"
}
],
"word": "pad"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pad meaning in Dutch (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.