See bitter in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bitterheid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bitterkoekje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bitterzoet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "verbitteren"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: bitter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: bitter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "bitter",
"3": "better",
"4": "bitu"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: bitter, better, bitu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: bitter, better, bitu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hns",
"2": "bitá",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Hindustani: bitá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Hindustani: bitá"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srm",
"2": "bíta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saramaccan: bíta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saramaccan: bíta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "bita",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: bita",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: bita"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeyd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bitter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch bitter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bitr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bitr",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bitter, from Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitterder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bitter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterder",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het bitterst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het bitterste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "bittere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterdere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "bitter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterder",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "bittere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterdere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "bittere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterdere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "bitters",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterders",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bitter (comparative bitterder, superlative bitterst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bit‧ter"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zoet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zuur"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bitter (having an acrid taste)"
],
"id": "en-bitter-nl-adj-3qU-iiPv",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"sense": "tastes",
"word": "smaak"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bitter, embittered"
],
"id": "en-bitter-nl-adj-OqvWvgBR",
"links": [
[
"embittered",
"embittered"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪtər/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bitter.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Nl-bitter.ogg/Nl-bitter.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Nl-bitter.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtər"
}
],
"word": "bitter"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: bitter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: bitter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hns",
"2": "bitá",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Hindustani: bitá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Hindustani: bitá"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bíter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: bíter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: bíter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "beter",
"3": "bitter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: beter, bitter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: beter, bitter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srm",
"2": "bíta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saramaccan: bíta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saramaccan: bíta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "bita",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: bita",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: bita"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeyd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bitter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch bitter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bitr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bitr",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bitter, from Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bittertje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "bitter m or n (plural bitters, diminutive bittertje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bit‧ter"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 11 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bitterbal"
},
{
"word": "bittergarnituur"
},
{
"word": "kruidenbitter"
},
{
"word": "oranjebitter"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Without his regular shot of bitter at four o'clock, Grandpa wouldn't feel well.",
"text": "Zonder zijn gebruikelijke bittertje om vier uur voelde Opa zich niet lekker.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitters, a type of strong spirits made by steeping (often bitter) herbs in brandy or jenever, traditionally considered a digestive drink"
],
"id": "en-bitter-nl-noun-YpdqsGkj",
"links": [
[
"bitters",
"bitters"
],
[
"spirits",
"spirits"
],
[
"steep",
"steep"
],
[
"herbs",
"herbs"
],
[
"brandy",
"brandy"
],
[
"jenever",
"jenever"
],
[
"digestive",
"digestive"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kruidenbitter"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪtər/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bitter.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Nl-bitter.ogg/Nl-bitter.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Nl-bitter.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtər"
}
],
"word": "bitter"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with multiple genders",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyd-",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪtər",
"sv:Taste"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bitterheid"
},
{
"word": "bitterkoekje"
},
{
"word": "bitterzoet"
},
{
"word": "verbitteren"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: bitter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: bitter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "bitter",
"3": "better",
"4": "bitu"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: bitter, better, bitu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: bitter, better, bitu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hns",
"2": "bitá",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Hindustani: bitá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Hindustani: bitá"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srm",
"2": "bíta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saramaccan: bíta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saramaccan: bíta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "bita",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: bita",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: bita"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeyd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bitter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch bitter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bitr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bitr",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bitter, from Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitterder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bitter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterder",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het bitterst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het bitterste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "bittere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterdere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "bitter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterder",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "bittere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterdere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "bittere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterdere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "bitters",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "bitterders",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bitter (comparative bitterder, superlative bitterst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bit‧ter"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"sense": "tastes",
"word": "smaak"
},
{
"word": "zoet"
},
{
"word": "zout"
},
{
"word": "zuur"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bitter (having an acrid taste)"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bitter, embittered"
],
"links": [
[
"embittered",
"embittered"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪtər/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bitter.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Nl-bitter.ogg/Nl-bitter.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Nl-bitter.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtər"
}
],
"word": "bitter"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with multiple genders",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyd-",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪtər",
"sv:Taste"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bitterbal"
},
{
"word": "bittergarnituur"
},
{
"word": "kruidenbitter"
},
{
"word": "oranjebitter"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: bitter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: bitter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hns",
"2": "bitá",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Hindustani: bitá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Hindustani: bitá"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bíter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: bíter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: bíter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "beter",
"3": "bitter",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: beter, bitter",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: beter, bitter"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srm",
"2": "bíta",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Saramaccan: bíta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Saramaccan: bíta"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "bita",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: bita",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: bita"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeyd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bitter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch bitter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bitr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bitr",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bitter, from Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bitr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bittertje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "bitter m or n (plural bitters, diminutive bittertje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bit‧ter"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Without his regular shot of bitter at four o'clock, Grandpa wouldn't feel well.",
"text": "Zonder zijn gebruikelijke bittertje om vier uur voelde Opa zich niet lekker.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitters, a type of strong spirits made by steeping (often bitter) herbs in brandy or jenever, traditionally considered a digestive drink"
],
"links": [
[
"bitters",
"bitters"
],
[
"spirits",
"spirits"
],
[
"steep",
"steep"
],
[
"herbs",
"herbs"
],
[
"brandy",
"brandy"
],
[
"jenever",
"jenever"
],
[
"digestive",
"digestive"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kruidenbitter"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɪtər/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bitter.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Nl-bitter.ogg/Nl-bitter.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Nl-bitter.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtər"
}
],
"word": "bitter"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bitter meaning in Dutch (9.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.