"podléhat" meaning in Czech

See podléhat in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ˈpodlɛːɦat]
Etymology: From pod- + léhat. Etymology templates: {{af|cs|pod-|léhat}} pod- + léhat Head templates: {{cs-verb|a=impf|pf=podlehnout}} podléhat impf (perfective podlehnout) Inflection templates: {{cs-conj-děl-at|podléh|aspect=i}}, {{cs-conj-forms|aspect=i|im 2s=podléhej|im 2s2=|pass adj=podléhaný|pass ms=podléhán|pass ns=|past ms=podléhal|pf 1s2=|pf 3p=podléhají|pf 3p2=|pf 3s=podléhá|pf 3s2=|tr1 past=|tr1 pres=podléhaje|tr2 pres=podléhajíc|vn=podléhání}} Forms: podlehnout [perfective], no-table-tags [table-tags], podléhat [infinitive], podléhati [infinitive], podléhající [error-unrecognized-form], podléhání [noun-from-verb], podléhaný [error-unrecognized-form], no-table-tags [table-tags], podléhám [first-person, indicative, present, singular], podléháme [first-person, indicative, plural, present], - [first-person, imperative, present, singular], podléhejme [first-person, imperative, plural, present], podléháš [indicative, present, second-person, singular], podléháte [indicative, plural, present, second-person], podléhej [imperative, present, second-person, singular], podléhejte [imperative, plural, present, second-person], podléhá [indicative, present, singular, third-person], podléhají [indicative, plural, present, third-person], - [imperative, present, singular, third-person], - [imperative, plural, present, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], podléhal [animate, masculine, participle, past, singular], podléhali [animate, masculine, participle, past, plural], podléhán [animate, masculine, participle, passive, singular], podléháni [animate, masculine, participle, passive, plural], podléhal [inanimate, masculine, participle, past, singular], podléhaly [inanimate, masculine, participle, past, plural], podléhán [inanimate, masculine, participle, passive, singular], podléhány [inanimate, masculine, participle, passive, plural], podléhala [feminine, participle, past, singular], podléhaly [feminine, participle, past, plural], podléhána [feminine, participle, passive, singular], podléhány [feminine, participle, passive, plural], podléhalo [neuter, participle, past, singular], podléhala [neuter, participle, past, plural], podléháno [neuter, participle, passive, singular], podléhána [neuter, participle, passive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], podléhaje [masculine, present, singular, transgressive], - [masculine, past, singular, transgressive], podléhajíc [feminine, neuter, present, singular, transgressive], - [feminine, neuter, past, singular, transgressive], podléhajíce [plural, present, transgressive], - [past, plural, transgressive]
  1. to succumb, to give in Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-podléhat-cs-verb-EZ4Ddm4E
  2. to come under Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-podléhat-cs-verb-NuFfrcOJ Categories (other): Czech entries with incorrect language header, Czech terms prefixed with pod-, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Czech entries with incorrect language header: 27 65 8 Disambiguation of Czech terms prefixed with pod-: 23 43 34 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 28 59 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 84 4
  3. to be subject to Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-podléhat-cs-verb-jRpJ9PZu
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: podléhající
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "pod-",
        "3": "léhat"
      },
      "expansion": "pod- + léhat",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From pod- + léhat.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "podlehnout",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhati",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhající",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhání",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhaný",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhám",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléháme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhejme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléháš",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléháte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhej",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhejte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhají",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhán",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléháni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhaly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhán",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhány",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhaly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhána",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhány",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhalo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléháno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhána",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhaje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhajíc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhajíce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "a": "impf",
        "pf": "podlehnout"
      },
      "expansion": "podléhat impf (perfective podlehnout)",
      "name": "cs-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "podléh",
        "aspect": "i"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-děl-at"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "aspect": "i",
        "im 2s": "podléhej",
        "im 2s2": "",
        "pass adj": "podléhaný",
        "pass ms": "podléhán",
        "pass ns": "",
        "past ms": "podléhal",
        "pf 1s2": "",
        "pf 3p": "podléhají",
        "pf 3p2": "",
        "pf 3s": "podléhá",
        "pf 3s2": "",
        "tr1 past": "",
        "tr1 pres": "podléhaje",
        "tr2 pres": "podléhajíc",
        "vn": "podléhání"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "podléhající"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to succumb, to give in"
      ],
      "id": "en-podléhat-cs-verb-EZ4Ddm4E",
      "links": [
        [
          "succumb",
          "succumb"
        ],
        [
          "give in",
          "give in"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 65 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 43 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech terms prefixed with pod-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 59 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 84 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to come under"
      ],
      "id": "en-podléhat-cs-verb-NuFfrcOJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "come under",
          "come under"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It is not under voluntary control.",
          "text": "To nepodléhá volní kontrole.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be subject to"
      ],
      "id": "en-podléhat-cs-verb-jRpJ9PZu",
      "links": [
        [
          "be subject",
          "be subject"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpodlɛːɦat]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "podléhat"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
    "Czech imperfective verbs",
    "Czech lemmas",
    "Czech terms prefixed with pod-",
    "Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Czech verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "pod-",
        "3": "léhat"
      },
      "expansion": "pod- + léhat",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From pod- + léhat.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "podlehnout",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhati",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhající",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhání",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhaný",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhám",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléháme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhejme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléháš",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléháte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhej",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhejte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhají",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhán",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléháni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhaly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhán",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhány",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhaly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhána",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhány",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhalo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléháno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhána",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhaje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhajíc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podléhajíce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "a": "impf",
        "pf": "podlehnout"
      },
      "expansion": "podléhat impf (perfective podlehnout)",
      "name": "cs-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "podléh",
        "aspect": "i"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-děl-at"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "aspect": "i",
        "im 2s": "podléhej",
        "im 2s2": "",
        "pass adj": "podléhaný",
        "pass ms": "podléhán",
        "pass ns": "",
        "past ms": "podléhal",
        "pf 1s2": "",
        "pf 3p": "podléhají",
        "pf 3p2": "",
        "pf 3s": "podléhá",
        "pf 3s2": "",
        "tr1 past": "",
        "tr1 pres": "podléhaje",
        "tr2 pres": "podléhajíc",
        "vn": "podléhání"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "podléhající"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to succumb, to give in"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "succumb",
          "succumb"
        ],
        [
          "give in",
          "give in"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to come under"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "come under",
          "come under"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Czech terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It is not under voluntary control.",
          "text": "To nepodléhá volní kontrole.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be subject to"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "be subject",
          "be subject"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpodlɛːɦat]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "podléhat"
}

Download raw JSONL data for podléhat meaning in Czech (6.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Active adjective'",
  "path": [
    "podléhat"
  ],
  "section": "Czech",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "podléhat",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Passive adjective'",
  "path": [
    "podléhat"
  ],
  "section": "Czech",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "podléhat",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Czech dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.