"mluvívat" meaning in Czech

See mluvívat in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ˈmluviːvat]
Head templates: {{cs-verb|a=impf}} mluvívat impf Inflection templates: {{cs-conj-děl-at|mluvív|aspect=i}}, {{cs-conj-forms|aspect=i|im 2s=mluvívej|im 2s2=|pass adj=mluvívaný|pass ms=mluvíván|pass ns=|past ms=mluvíval|pf 1s2=|pf 3p=mluvívají|pf 3p2=|pf 3s=mluvívá|pf 3s2=|tr1 past=|tr1 pres=mluvívaje|tr2 pres=mluvívajíc|vn=mluvívání}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], mluvívat [infinitive], mluvívati [infinitive], mluvívající [error-unrecognized-form], mluvívání [noun-from-verb], mluvívaný [error-unrecognized-form], no-table-tags [table-tags], mluvívám [first-person, indicative, present, singular], mluvíváme [first-person, indicative, plural, present], - [first-person, imperative, present, singular], mluvívejme [first-person, imperative, plural, present], mluvíváš [indicative, present, second-person, singular], mluvíváte [indicative, plural, present, second-person], mluvívej [imperative, present, second-person, singular], mluvívejte [imperative, plural, present, second-person], mluvívá [indicative, present, singular, third-person], mluvívají [indicative, plural, present, third-person], - [imperative, present, singular, third-person], - [imperative, plural, present, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], mluvíval [animate, masculine, participle, past, singular], mluvívali [animate, masculine, participle, past, plural], mluvíván [animate, masculine, participle, passive, singular], mluvíváni [animate, masculine, participle, passive, plural], mluvíval [inanimate, masculine, participle, past, singular], mluvívaly [inanimate, masculine, participle, past, plural], mluvíván [inanimate, masculine, participle, passive, singular], mluvívány [inanimate, masculine, participle, passive, plural], mluvívala [feminine, participle, past, singular], mluvívaly [feminine, participle, past, plural], mluvívána [feminine, participle, passive, singular], mluvívány [feminine, participle, passive, plural], mluvívalo [neuter, participle, past, singular], mluvívala [neuter, participle, past, plural], mluvíváno [neuter, participle, passive, singular], mluvívána [neuter, participle, passive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], mluvívaje [masculine, present, singular, transgressive], - [masculine, past, singular, transgressive], mluvívajíc [feminine, neuter, present, singular, transgressive], - [feminine, neuter, past, singular, transgressive], mluvívajíce [plural, present, transgressive], - [past, plural, transgressive]
  1. iterative of mluvit Tags: form-of, imperfective, iterative Form of: mluvit
    Sense id: en-mluvívat-cs-verb-GjOrvMp7 Categories (other): Czech entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Czech entries with incorrect language header: 46 27 27 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 55 23 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 70 15 15
  2. to speak Tags: imperfective
    Sense id: en-mluvívat-cs-verb-TKdixBly
  3. (reflexive with se) to speak, to talk Tags: imperfective, reflexive
    Sense id: en-mluvívat-cs-verb-mNed5I2C
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: mluvit
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívati",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívající",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívání",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívaný",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívám",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíváme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívejme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíváš",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíváte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívej",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívejte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívají",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíval",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíván",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíváni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíval",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívaly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíván",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívány",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívaly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívána",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívány",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívalo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíváno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívána",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívaje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívajíc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívajíce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "a": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "mluvívat impf",
      "name": "cs-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mluvív",
        "aspect": "i"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-děl-at"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "aspect": "i",
        "im 2s": "mluvívej",
        "im 2s2": "",
        "pass adj": "mluvívaný",
        "pass ms": "mluvíván",
        "pass ns": "",
        "past ms": "mluvíval",
        "pf 1s2": "",
        "pf 3p": "mluvívají",
        "pf 3p2": "",
        "pf 3s": "mluvívá",
        "pf 3s2": "",
        "tr1 past": "",
        "tr1 pres": "mluvívaje",
        "tr2 pres": "mluvívajíc",
        "vn": "mluvívání"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "mluvit"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 27 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 15 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "mluvit"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "iterative of mluvit"
      ],
      "id": "en-mluvívat-cs-verb-GjOrvMp7",
      "links": [
        [
          "mluvit",
          "mluvit#Czech"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperfective",
        "iterative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to speak"
      ],
      "id": "en-mluvívat-cs-verb-TKdixBly",
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I talk to my mother once in a blue moon on the telephone.",
          "text": "Mluvívám se svou matkou jednou za čas po telefonu.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to speak, to talk"
      ],
      "id": "en-mluvívat-cs-verb-mNed5I2C",
      "links": [
        [
          "se",
          "se#Czech"
        ],
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "talk",
          "talk"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with se) to speak, to talk"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with se"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmluviːvat]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "mluvívat"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Czech abstract verbs",
    "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
    "Czech imperfective verbs",
    "Czech lemmas",
    "Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Czech verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívati",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívající",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívání",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívaný",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívám",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíváme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívejme",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíváš",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíváte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívej",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívejte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívají",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíval",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíván",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíváni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíval",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívaly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíván",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívány",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívaly",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívána",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívány",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívalo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvíváno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívána",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-conj-děl-at",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívaje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívajíc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mluvívajíce",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "transgressive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "a": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "mluvívat impf",
      "name": "cs-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mluvív",
        "aspect": "i"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-děl-at"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "aspect": "i",
        "im 2s": "mluvívej",
        "im 2s2": "",
        "pass adj": "mluvívaný",
        "pass ms": "mluvíván",
        "pass ns": "",
        "past ms": "mluvíval",
        "pf 1s2": "",
        "pf 3p": "mluvívají",
        "pf 3p2": "",
        "pf 3s": "mluvívá",
        "pf 3s2": "",
        "tr1 past": "",
        "tr1 pres": "mluvívaje",
        "tr2 pres": "mluvívajíc",
        "vn": "mluvívání"
      },
      "name": "cs-conj-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "mluvit"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Czech iterative verbs"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "mluvit"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "iterative of mluvit"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mluvit",
          "mluvit#Czech"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperfective",
        "iterative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to speak"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Czech reflexive verbs",
        "Czech terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I talk to my mother once in a blue moon on the telephone.",
          "text": "Mluvívám se svou matkou jednou za čas po telefonu.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to speak, to talk"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "se",
          "se#Czech"
        ],
        [
          "speak",
          "speak"
        ],
        [
          "talk",
          "talk"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with se) to speak, to talk"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with se"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmluviːvat]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "mluvívat"
}

Download raw JSONL data for mluvívat meaning in Czech (6.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Active adjective'",
  "path": [
    "mluvívat"
  ],
  "section": "Czech",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "mluvívat",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Passive adjective'",
  "path": [
    "mluvívat"
  ],
  "section": "Czech",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "mluvívat",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Czech dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.