"姑蘇" meaning in Chinese

See 姑蘇 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: /ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kuː⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/, /kuː⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/, /ku⁵⁵ su²¹/, /kəu⁴⁴ səu/ Chinese transliterations: Gūsū [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄍㄨ ㄙㄨ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gu¹ sou¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], ¹ku-su₁, ¹kou-sou₁, Gūsū [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], Gusu [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], Ku¹-su¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], Gū-sū [Mandarin, Yale], Gusu [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], Гусу [Mandarin, Palladius], Gusu [Mandarin, Palladius], gū sōu [Cantonese, Yale], gu¹ sou¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gu¹ sou¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], ¹ku-su₁ [Northern, Wu], ku^平 su^平 [Northern, Wu], /ku⁵⁵ su²¹/ [Northern, Wu], ¹kou-sou₁ [Northern, Wu], kou^平 sou^平 [Northern, Wu], /kəu⁴⁴ səu/ [Northern, Wu], ku su [Middle-Chinese], /*kˤa s-ŋˤa/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*kaː sŋaː/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang] Forms: 姑苏
Etymology: From the nearby Mount Gusu, likely loaned phonetically from an earlier Wu placename. Variously attested as 姑胥 (OC *kaː sŋa) in later writings that referred to the Kingdom of Wu era, possibly with Tai links (Zhengzhang, 1991). Etymology templates: {{och-l|姑胥|id=1,1}} 姑胥 (OC *kaː sŋa), {{zh-ref|Zhengzhang, 1991}} Zhengzhang, 1991 Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 姑蘇
  1. (~城) (historical) The capital of the state of Wu during the Zhou dynasty; a former city located at the site of present-day Suzhou
    Sense id: en-姑蘇-zh-name-VhGEPAud Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 34 21 7 20 18 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 36 21 10 24 9 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 40 21 7 25 6
  2. (~區) Gusu, a district of modern Suzhou, established in 2012 and comprising the Old City and downtown Synonyms (Suzhou City): 蘇州 (Sūzhōu), 苏州 (Sūzhōu)
    Sense id: en-姑蘇-zh-name-lv4QygYv Disambiguation of 'Suzhou City': 23 50 13 4 9
  3. (~山) Mount Gusu, a mountain near Suzhou
    Sense id: en-姑蘇-zh-name-ttQCycz-
  4. (~臺) Gusu Tower, a tower on Mount Gusu believed to have been built by King Fuchai of Wu
    Sense id: en-姑蘇-zh-name-j2~8Ieur
  5. (by metonymy, literary) Suzhou itself Tags: literary, metonymically
    Sense id: en-姑蘇-zh-name-gNF~sMKk Categories (other): Chinese links with redundant alt parameters, Chinese links with redundant wikilinks
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 姑蘇島 (Gūsūdǎo), 姑苏岛 (Gūsūdǎo), 姑蘇臺, 姑苏台, 蘇州 (Sūzhōu) (english: Suzhou), 苏州 (Sūzhōu) (english: Suzhou)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "Gūsūdǎo",
      "word": "姑蘇島"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "Gūsūdǎo",
      "word": "姑苏岛"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "姑蘇臺"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "姑苏台"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Suzhou",
      "roman": "Sūzhōu",
      "word": "蘇州"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Suzhou",
      "roman": "Sūzhōu",
      "word": "苏州"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "姑胥",
        "id": "1,1"
      },
      "expansion": "姑胥 (OC *kaː sŋa)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Zhengzhang, 1991"
      },
      "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 1991",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the nearby Mount Gusu, likely loaned phonetically from an earlier Wu placename. Variously attested as 姑胥 (OC *kaː sŋa) in later writings that referred to the Kingdom of Wu era, possibly with Tai links (Zhengzhang, 1991).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "姑苏",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "姑蘇",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 21 7 20 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 21 10 24 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 21 7 25 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE",
          "roman": "Rǔ yǐ jiàn zhě wéi bì yòng yé? Wú Zǐxū bù zhé Gūsū dōngmén wài hū!",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "女以諫者為必用邪?吳子胥不磔姑蘇東門外乎!",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE",
          "roman": "Rǔ yǐ jiàn zhě wéi bì yòng yé? Wú Zǐxū bù zhé Gūsū dōngmén wài hū!",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "女以谏者为必用邪?吴子胥不磔姑苏东门外乎!",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(historical) The capital of the state of Wu during the Zhou dynasty; a former city located at the site of present-day Suzhou"
      ],
      "id": "en-姑蘇-zh-name-VhGEPAud",
      "links": [
        [
          "城",
          "城#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "capital",
          "capital"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "Wu",
          "Wu"
        ],
        [
          "Zhou",
          "Zhou"
        ],
        [
          "dynasty",
          "dynasty"
        ],
        [
          "former",
          "former"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ],
        [
          "locate",
          "locate"
        ],
        [
          "site",
          "site"
        ],
        [
          "present-day",
          "present-day"
        ],
        [
          "Suzhou",
          "Suzhou"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~城) (historical) The capital of the state of Wu during the Zhou dynasty; a former city located at the site of present-day Suzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Gusu, a district of modern Suzhou, established in 2012 and comprising the Old City and downtown"
      ],
      "id": "en-姑蘇-zh-name-lv4QygYv",
      "links": [
        [
          "區",
          "區#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Gusu",
          "Gusu"
        ],
        [
          "district",
          "district"
        ],
        [
          "modern",
          "modern"
        ],
        [
          "Suzhou",
          "Suzhou"
        ],
        [
          "established",
          "established"
        ],
        [
          "comprising",
          "comprising"
        ],
        [
          "Old",
          "old"
        ],
        [
          "City",
          "city"
        ],
        [
          "downtown",
          "downtown"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~區) Gusu, a district of modern Suzhou, established in 2012 and comprising the Old City and downtown"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "23 50 13 4 9",
          "roman": "Sūzhōu",
          "sense": "Suzhou City",
          "word": "蘇州"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "23 50 13 4 9",
          "roman": "Sūzhōu",
          "sense": "Suzhou City",
          "word": "苏州"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Mount Gusu, a mountain near Suzhou"
      ],
      "id": "en-姑蘇-zh-name-ttQCycz-",
      "links": [
        [
          "山",
          "山#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Mount",
          "mount"
        ],
        [
          "Gusu",
          "Gusu"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ],
        [
          "Suzhou",
          "Suzhou"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~山) Mount Gusu, a mountain near Suzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " Guoyu, circa 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
          "roman": "Jū jūn sān nián, Wú shī zì kuì. Wú wáng shuài qí xiánliáng, yǔ qí zhònglù, yǐ shàng Gūsū.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "居軍三年,吳師自潰。吳王帥其賢良,與其重祿,以上姑蘇。",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " Guoyu, circa 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
          "roman": "Jū jūn sān nián, Wú shī zì kuì. Wú wáng shuài qí xiánliáng, yǔ qí zhònglù, yǐ shàng Gūsū.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "居军三年,吴师自溃。吴王帅其贤良,与其重禄,以上姑苏。",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Gusu Tower, a tower on Mount Gusu believed to have been built by King Fuchai of Wu"
      ],
      "id": "en-姑蘇-zh-name-j2~8Ieur",
      "links": [
        [
          "臺",
          "臺#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "tower",
          "tower"
        ],
        [
          "Wu",
          "Wu"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~臺) Gusu Tower, a tower on Mount Gusu believed to have been built by King Fuchai of Wu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "And I hear, from beyond Suzhou, from the temple on Cold Mountain,\nRinging for me, here in my boat, the midnight bell.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " c. 8th century, Zhang Ji, 楓橋夜泊 (A Night Mooring Near Maple Bridge), translation based on Witter Bynner's translation",
          "roman": "Gūsū chéng wài Hánshān Sì, yèbàn zhōngshēng dào kèchuán.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "姑蘇城外寒山寺,夜半鐘聲到客船。",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "And I hear, from beyond Suzhou, from the temple on Cold Mountain,\nRinging for me, here in my boat, the midnight bell.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " c. 8th century, Zhang Ji, 楓橋夜泊 (A Night Mooring Near Maple Bridge), translation based on Witter Bynner's translation",
          "roman": "Gūsū chéng wài Hánshān Sì, yèbàn zhōngshēng dào kèchuán.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "姑苏城外寒山寺,夜半钟声到客船。",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Suzhou itself"
      ],
      "id": "en-姑蘇-zh-name-gNF~sMKk",
      "links": [
        [
          "Suzhou",
          "Suzhou"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by metonymy, literary) Suzhou itself"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary",
        "metonymically"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gūsū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄙㄨ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ sou¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-su₁"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹kou-sou₁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gūsū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gusu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ku¹-su¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gū-sū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gusu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Гусу"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gusu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gū sōu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ sou¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ sou¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-su₁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku^平 su^平"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ku⁵⁵ su²¹/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹kou-sou₁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kou^平 sou^平"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/kəu⁴⁴ səu/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kˤa s-ŋˤa/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kaː sŋaː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ su²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kəu⁴⁴ səu/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kˤa s-ŋˤa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kaː sŋaː/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Tai languages",
    "Wu (state)"
  ],
  "word": "姑蘇"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 姑",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 蘇",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Middle Chinese proper nouns",
    "Old Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese proper nouns",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "Gūsūdǎo",
      "word": "姑蘇島"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Gūsūdǎo",
      "word": "姑苏岛"
    },
    {
      "word": "姑蘇臺"
    },
    {
      "word": "姑苏台"
    },
    {
      "english": "Suzhou",
      "roman": "Sūzhōu",
      "word": "蘇州"
    },
    {
      "english": "Suzhou",
      "roman": "Sūzhōu",
      "word": "苏州"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "姑胥",
        "id": "1,1"
      },
      "expansion": "姑胥 (OC *kaː sŋa)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Zhengzhang, 1991"
      },
      "expansion": "Zhengzhang, 1991",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the nearby Mount Gusu, likely loaned phonetically from an earlier Wu placename. Variously attested as 姑胥 (OC *kaː sŋa) in later writings that referred to the Kingdom of Wu era, possibly with Tai links (Zhengzhang, 1991).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "姑苏",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "姑蘇",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with historical senses",
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
        "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE",
          "roman": "Rǔ yǐ jiàn zhě wéi bì yòng yé? Wú Zǐxū bù zhé Gūsū dōngmén wài hū!",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "女以諫者為必用邪?吳子胥不磔姑蘇東門外乎!",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE",
          "roman": "Rǔ yǐ jiàn zhě wéi bì yòng yé? Wú Zǐxū bù zhé Gūsū dōngmén wài hū!",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "女以谏者为必用邪?吴子胥不磔姑苏东门外乎!",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(historical) The capital of the state of Wu during the Zhou dynasty; a former city located at the site of present-day Suzhou"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "城",
          "城#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "capital",
          "capital"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "Wu",
          "Wu"
        ],
        [
          "Zhou",
          "Zhou"
        ],
        [
          "dynasty",
          "dynasty"
        ],
        [
          "former",
          "former"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ],
        [
          "locate",
          "locate"
        ],
        [
          "site",
          "site"
        ],
        [
          "present-day",
          "present-day"
        ],
        [
          "Suzhou",
          "Suzhou"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~城) (historical) The capital of the state of Wu during the Zhou dynasty; a former city located at the site of present-day Suzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Gusu, a district of modern Suzhou, established in 2012 and comprising the Old City and downtown"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "區",
          "區#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Gusu",
          "Gusu"
        ],
        [
          "district",
          "district"
        ],
        [
          "modern",
          "modern"
        ],
        [
          "Suzhou",
          "Suzhou"
        ],
        [
          "established",
          "established"
        ],
        [
          "comprising",
          "comprising"
        ],
        [
          "Old",
          "old"
        ],
        [
          "City",
          "city"
        ],
        [
          "downtown",
          "downtown"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~區) Gusu, a district of modern Suzhou, established in 2012 and comprising the Old City and downtown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Mount Gusu, a mountain near Suzhou"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "山",
          "山#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Mount",
          "mount"
        ],
        [
          "Gusu",
          "Gusu"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ],
        [
          "Suzhou",
          "Suzhou"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~山) Mount Gusu, a mountain near Suzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
        "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " Guoyu, circa 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
          "roman": "Jū jūn sān nián, Wú shī zì kuì. Wú wáng shuài qí xiánliáng, yǔ qí zhònglù, yǐ shàng Gūsū.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "居軍三年,吳師自潰。吳王帥其賢良,與其重祿,以上姑蘇。",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " Guoyu, circa 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
          "roman": "Jū jūn sān nián, Wú shī zì kuì. Wú wáng shuài qí xiánliáng, yǔ qí zhònglù, yǐ shàng Gūsū.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "居军三年,吴师自溃。吴王帅其贤良,与其重禄,以上姑苏。",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Gusu Tower, a tower on Mount Gusu believed to have been built by King Fuchai of Wu"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "臺",
          "臺#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "tower",
          "tower"
        ],
        [
          "Wu",
          "Wu"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~臺) Gusu Tower, a tower on Mount Gusu believed to have been built by King Fuchai of Wu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Chinese literary terms",
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "And I hear, from beyond Suzhou, from the temple on Cold Mountain,\nRinging for me, here in my boat, the midnight bell.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " c. 8th century, Zhang Ji, 楓橋夜泊 (A Night Mooring Near Maple Bridge), translation based on Witter Bynner's translation",
          "roman": "Gūsū chéng wài Hánshān Sì, yèbàn zhōngshēng dào kèchuán.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "姑蘇城外寒山寺,夜半鐘聲到客船。",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "And I hear, from beyond Suzhou, from the temple on Cold Mountain,\nRinging for me, here in my boat, the midnight bell.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " c. 8th century, Zhang Ji, 楓橋夜泊 (A Night Mooring Near Maple Bridge), translation based on Witter Bynner's translation",
          "roman": "Gūsū chéng wài Hánshān Sì, yèbàn zhōngshēng dào kèchuán.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "姑苏城外寒山寺,夜半钟声到客船。",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Suzhou itself"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Suzhou",
          "Suzhou"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by metonymy, literary) Suzhou itself"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary",
        "metonymically"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gūsū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨ ㄙㄨ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ sou¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-su₁"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹kou-sou₁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gūsū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gusu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Ku¹-su¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gū-sū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gusu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Гусу"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Gusu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gū sōu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ sou¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gu¹ sou¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹ku-su₁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku^平 su^平"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/ku⁵⁵ su²¹/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹kou-sou₁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kou^平 sou^平"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/kəu⁴⁴ səu/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ku su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kˤa s-ŋˤa/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*kaː sŋaː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuː⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku⁵⁵ su²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kəu⁴⁴ səu/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kˤa s-ŋˤa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*kaː sŋaː/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Sūzhōu",
      "sense": "Suzhou City",
      "word": "蘇州"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sūzhōu",
      "sense": "Suzhou City",
      "word": "苏州"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Tai languages",
    "Wu (state)"
  ],
  "word": "姑蘇"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 姑蘇 meaning in Chinese (7.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Northern, Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Suzhou)'",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~城",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~城",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~區",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~區",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~山",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~山",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~臺",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~臺",
  "path": [
    "姑蘇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "姑蘇",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.