See 鱷 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 鱷 meaning in Chinese (12.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*ŋɯəkᴰ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "crocodile",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Tai: *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Tai: *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫",
"t": "crocodile; nāga"
},
"expansion": "Ahom: 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ṅük, “crocodile; nāga”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ahom: 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ṅük, “crocodile; nāga”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ເງືອກ",
"t": "merperson; electric eel"
},
"expansion": "Lao: ເງືອກ (ngư̄ak, “merperson; electric eel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lao: ເງືອກ (ngư̄ak, “merperson; electric eel”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ငိူၵ်ႈ",
"t": "alligator; crocodile"
},
"expansion": "Shan: ငိူၵ်ႈ (ngōek, “alligator; crocodile”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shan: ငိူၵ်ႈ (ngōek, “alligator; crocodile”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "เงือก",
"t": "snake; nāga; crocodilian; mythical water creature; merperson"
},
"expansion": "Thai: เงือก (ngʉ̂ʉak, “snake; nāga; crocodilian; mythical water creature; merperson”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Thai: เงือก (ngʉ̂ʉak, “snake; nāga; crocodilian; mythical water creature; merperson”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *ŋaːɡ"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "魚",
"2": "噩",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc",
"t1": "fish"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ)",
"name": "Han compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Carr (1990)"
},
"expansion": "Carr (1990)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "咢",
"2": "to beat the drum"
},
"expansion": "咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “to beat the drum”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "愕",
"2": "startled; terrified"
},
"expansion": "愕 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “startled; terrified”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "噩",
"2": "frightening; startling"
},
"expansion": "噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “frightening; startling”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Carr (1990)"
},
"expansion": "Carr (1990)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ŋwak",
"4": "mythical water creature"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *ŋwak (“mythical water creature”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Chamberlain, 1977"
},
"expansion": "Chamberlain, 1977",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Pittayaporn (2009-2010)"
},
"expansion": "Pittayaporn (2009-2010)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鰐",
"2": "わに",
"3": "crocodilian; shark"
},
"expansion": "鰐(わに) (wani, “crocodilian; shark”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "魚",
"2": "うお",
"3": "fish"
},
"expansion": "魚(うお) (uo, “fish”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Vovin (2021)"
},
"expansion": "Vovin (2021)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鱷",
"tr": "*ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk"
},
"expansion": "鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𧊜",
"tr": "è"
},
"expansion": "𧊜 (è)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鱷",
"tr": "*ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk"
},
"expansion": "鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "tai"
},
"expansion": "Tai",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ).\nWithin Chinese, Carr (1990) relates it to:\n* 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “to beat the drum”), either because drumming was associated with dragons or because some drums were made of crocodilian skins (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Words for “fear”, e.g. 愕 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “startled; terrified”), 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “frightening; startling”).\nOutside of Chinese, Carr (1990) also relates it to:\n* Proto-Tai *ŋwak (“mythical water creature”) (reconstruction from Chamberlain, 1977), which Pittayaporn (2009-2010), reconstructing the root as *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”), holds to be a loan from Chinese.\n* Proto-Austro-Tai *(m)baŋiwak (“shark; crocodile”), posited by Paul K. Benedict and proposed by him to give rise to the Tai word, as well as Japanese 鰐(わに) (wani, “crocodilian; shark”), 魚(うお) (uo, “fish”).\nVovin (2021) notes that 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) \"aquatic reptile, saltwater crocodile\" was attested late, for the first time in Shuowen as 𧊜 (è); and that \"it would be very weird if the word for a ‘saltwater crocodile’ from the middle of Huang-he (黃河) river basin that lies quite far away from both tropics and the sea would be borrowed by Tai languages in Southern China\". Therefore, Vovin contends that, instead, 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) had been borrowed into Later Han Chinese from Tai.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "鱷",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Han phono-semantic compounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "dà'è",
"word": "大鱷"
},
{
"roman": "dà'è",
"word": "大鳄"
},
{
"roman": "yángzǐ'è",
"word": "揚子鱷"
},
{
"roman": "yángzǐ'è",
"word": "扬子鳄"
},
{
"word": "澳洲鱷魚"
},
{
"word": "澳洲鳄鱼"
},
{
"roman": "wān'è",
"word": "灣鱷"
},
{
"roman": "wān'è",
"word": "湾鳄"
},
{
"roman": "duǎnwěn'è",
"word": "短吻鱷"
},
{
"roman": "duǎnwěn'è",
"word": "短吻鳄"
},
{
"roman": "èlí",
"word": "鱷梨"
},
{
"roman": "èlí",
"word": "鳄梨"
},
{
"word": "鱷溪"
},
{
"word": "鳄溪"
},
{
"roman": "èyú",
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"roman": "èyú",
"word": "鳄鱼"
},
{
"roman": "èyú yǎnlèi",
"word": "鱷魚眼淚"
},
{
"roman": "èyú yǎnlèi",
"word": "鳄鱼眼泪"
},
{
"roman": "xiánshuǐ'è",
"word": "鹹水鱷"
},
{
"roman": "xiánshuǐ'è",
"word": "咸水鳄"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crocodilian; crocodile; alligator"
],
"id": "en-鱷-zh-character-H2~VZIve",
"links": [
[
"crocodilian",
"crocodilian"
],
[
"crocodile",
"crocodile"
],
[
"alligator",
"alligator"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "鱷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "忽雷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "骨雷"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "鱷"
},
{
"word": "鱷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Huiyang",
"Senai"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "峇仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tong'an",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "峇仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Dalinpu",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "峇仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "峇仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "峇囝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Bangkok",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "峇囝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Johor-Bahru",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "峇囝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "峇囝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "峇囝"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Austro-Tai",
"Paul K. Benedict"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "è"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "e⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄜˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngo̍k"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngŏ̤"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngáuk"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngăuk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "go̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kho̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "ngo̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngag⁸"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁸ngoq"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngo⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "è"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "è"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "o⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "è"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "eh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "э"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "e"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˀɤ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "ngohk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ngog⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔːk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵑɡɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngo̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngog"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngog⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋok̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "ngŏ̤"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngáuk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngăuk"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɑuʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋouʔ⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "go̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "gok"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kho̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qok"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "ngo̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔk̚⁴³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "nga̍k"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁸ngoq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵ngoq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/ŋoʔ¹²/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "ngo⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋo²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ŋaːɡ/"
},
{
"other": "/ kho̍k /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˀɤ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔːk̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵑɡɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋok̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɑuʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋouʔ⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚¹²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔk̚⁴³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋak̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋoʔ¹²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋo²⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/*ŋaːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "鱷"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "dà'è",
"word": "大鱷"
},
{
"roman": "dà'è",
"word": "大鳄"
},
{
"roman": "yángzǐ'è",
"word": "揚子鱷"
},
{
"roman": "yángzǐ'è",
"word": "扬子鳄"
},
{
"word": "澳洲鱷魚"
},
{
"word": "澳洲鳄鱼"
},
{
"roman": "wān'è",
"word": "灣鱷"
},
{
"roman": "wān'è",
"word": "湾鳄"
},
{
"roman": "duǎnwěn'è",
"word": "短吻鱷"
},
{
"roman": "duǎnwěn'è",
"word": "短吻鳄"
},
{
"roman": "èlí",
"word": "鱷梨"
},
{
"roman": "èlí",
"word": "鳄梨"
},
{
"word": "鱷溪"
},
{
"word": "鳄溪"
},
{
"roman": "èyú",
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"roman": "èyú",
"word": "鳄鱼"
},
{
"roman": "èyú yǎnlèi",
"word": "鱷魚眼淚"
},
{
"roman": "èyú yǎnlèi",
"word": "鳄鱼眼泪"
},
{
"roman": "xiánshuǐ'è",
"word": "鹹水鱷"
},
{
"roman": "xiánshuǐ'è",
"word": "咸水鳄"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*ŋɯəkᴰ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "crocodile",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Tai: *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Tai: *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫",
"t": "crocodile; nāga"
},
"expansion": "Ahom: 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ṅük, “crocodile; nāga”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ahom: 𑜂𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ṅük, “crocodile; nāga”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ເງືອກ",
"t": "merperson; electric eel"
},
"expansion": "Lao: ເງືອກ (ngư̄ak, “merperson; electric eel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lao: ເງືອກ (ngư̄ak, “merperson; electric eel”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ငိူၵ်ႈ",
"t": "alligator; crocodile"
},
"expansion": "Shan: ငိူၵ်ႈ (ngōek, “alligator; crocodile”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shan: ငိူၵ်ႈ (ngōek, “alligator; crocodile”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "เงือก",
"t": "snake; nāga; crocodilian; mythical water creature; merperson"
},
"expansion": "Thai: เงือก (ngʉ̂ʉak, “snake; nāga; crocodilian; mythical water creature; merperson”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Thai: เงือก (ngʉ̂ʉak, “snake; nāga; crocodilian; mythical water creature; merperson”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *ŋaːɡ"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "魚",
"2": "噩",
"c1": "s",
"c2": "p",
"ls": "psc",
"t1": "fish"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ)",
"name": "Han compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Carr (1990)"
},
"expansion": "Carr (1990)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "咢",
"2": "to beat the drum"
},
"expansion": "咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “to beat the drum”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler, 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "愕",
"2": "startled; terrified"
},
"expansion": "愕 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “startled; terrified”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "噩",
"2": "frightening; startling"
},
"expansion": "噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “frightening; startling”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Carr (1990)"
},
"expansion": "Carr (1990)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ŋwak",
"4": "mythical water creature"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *ŋwak (“mythical water creature”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Chamberlain, 1977"
},
"expansion": "Chamberlain, 1977",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Pittayaporn (2009-2010)"
},
"expansion": "Pittayaporn (2009-2010)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鰐",
"2": "わに",
"3": "crocodilian; shark"
},
"expansion": "鰐(わに) (wani, “crocodilian; shark”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "魚",
"2": "うお",
"3": "fish"
},
"expansion": "魚(うお) (uo, “fish”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Vovin (2021)"
},
"expansion": "Vovin (2021)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鱷",
"tr": "*ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk"
},
"expansion": "鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𧊜",
"tr": "è"
},
"expansion": "𧊜 (è)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鱷",
"tr": "*ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk"
},
"expansion": "鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "tai"
},
"expansion": "Tai",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ).\nWithin Chinese, Carr (1990) relates it to:\n* 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “to beat the drum”), either because drumming was associated with dragons or because some drums were made of crocodilian skins (Schuessler, 2007).\n* Words for “fear”, e.g. 愕 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “startled; terrified”), 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “frightening; startling”).\nOutside of Chinese, Carr (1990) also relates it to:\n* Proto-Tai *ŋwak (“mythical water creature”) (reconstruction from Chamberlain, 1977), which Pittayaporn (2009-2010), reconstructing the root as *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”), holds to be a loan from Chinese.\n* Proto-Austro-Tai *(m)baŋiwak (“shark; crocodile”), posited by Paul K. Benedict and proposed by him to give rise to the Tai word, as well as Japanese 鰐(わに) (wani, “crocodilian; shark”), 魚(うお) (uo, “fish”).\nVovin (2021) notes that 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) \"aquatic reptile, saltwater crocodile\" was attested late, for the first time in Shuowen as 𧊜 (è); and that \"it would be very weird if the word for a ‘saltwater crocodile’ from the middle of Huang-he (黃河) river basin that lies quite far away from both tropics and the sea would be borrowed by Tai languages in Southern China\". Therefore, Vovin contends that, instead, 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) had been borrowed into Later Han Chinese from Tai.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "鱷",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Tai languages",
"Chinese terms derived from Tai languages",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka nouns",
"Han phono-semantic compounds",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Taishanese lemmas",
"Taishanese nouns",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew nouns",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu nouns",
"Xiang lemmas",
"Xiang nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"crocodilian; crocodile; alligator"
],
"links": [
[
"crocodilian",
"crocodilian"
],
[
"crocodile",
"crocodile"
],
[
"alligator",
"alligator"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Austro-Tai",
"Paul K. Benedict"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "è"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "e⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄜˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngo̍k"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngŏ̤"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngáuk"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngăuk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "go̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kho̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "ngo̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngag⁸"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁸ngoq"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngo⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "è"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "è"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "o⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "è"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "eh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "э"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "e"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˀɤ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "ngohk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok⁹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ngog⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔːk̚²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵑɡɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngo̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngog"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngog⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋok̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "ngŏ̤"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngáuk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngăuk"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɑuʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋouʔ⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "go̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "gok"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚¹²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kho̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qok"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔk̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "ngo̍k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ngok"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔk̚⁴³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "nga̍k"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋak̚⁴/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁸ngoq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵ngoq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/ŋoʔ¹²/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "ngo⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋo²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngak"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ŋaːɡ/"
},
{
"other": "/ kho̍k /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˀɤ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔːk̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵑɡɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋok̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɑuʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋouʔ⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɔk̚¹²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔk̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɔk̚⁴³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋak̚⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋoʔ¹²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋo²⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/*ŋaːɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "鱷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "忽雷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "骨雷"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "鱷"
},
{
"word": "鱷"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Huiyang",
"Senai"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "峇仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tong'an",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "峇仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Dalinpu",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "峇仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "峇仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "鱷魚"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "峇囝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Bangkok",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "峇囝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Johor-Bahru",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "峇囝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "峇囝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "峇囝"
}
],
"word": "鱷"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary)'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"鱷"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "鱷",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.