See 閩 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 閩 meaning in Chinese (14.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Qīmǐn",
"word": "七閩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Qīmǐn",
"word": "七闽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Bāmǐn",
"word": "八閩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Bāmǐn",
"word": "八闽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "洛閩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "洛闽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "洛閩之學"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "洛闽之学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "濂洛關閩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "濂洛关闽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩中十子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽中十子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩中話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽中话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnzhōngyǔ",
"word": "閩中語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnzhōngyǔ",
"word": "闽中语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnhòu",
"word": "閩侯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnhòu",
"word": "闽侯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnjù",
"word": "閩劇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnjù",
"word": "闽剧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnběi",
"word": "閩北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnběi",
"word": "闽北"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩北話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽北话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnběiyǔ",
"word": "閩北語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnběiyǔ",
"word": "闽北语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnnán",
"word": "閩南"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnnán",
"word": "闽南"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnnánhuà",
"word": "閩南話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnnánhuà",
"word": "闽南话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnnányǔ",
"word": "閩南語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnnányǔ",
"word": "闽南语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩學"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnníng",
"word": "閩寧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnníng",
"word": "闽宁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩嶠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽峤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩嶺"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽岭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩川"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽川"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩徼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽徼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐndōng",
"word": "閩東"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐndōng",
"word": "闽东"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩東話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽东话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐndōngyǔ",
"word": "閩東語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐndōngyǔ",
"word": "闽东语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐn Jiāng",
"word": "閩江"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐn Jiāng",
"word": "闽江"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩派"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽派"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩洛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽洛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnqīng",
"word": "閩清"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnqīng",
"word": "闽清"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩粵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽粤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩荒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽荒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩虻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽虻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩蚋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽蚋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnxī",
"word": "閩西"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnxī",
"word": "闽西"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnyǔ",
"word": "閩語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnyǔ",
"word": "闽语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnyuè",
"word": "閩越"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnyuè",
"word": "闽越"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩都"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽都"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩關"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽关"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閩隸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闽隶"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Matisoff (2003)"
},
"expansion": "Matisoff (2003)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*s-b/m-ruːl",
"4": "",
"5": "snake"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*平聲"
},
"expansion": "平聲",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*上聲"
},
"expansion": "上聲",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "閔"
},
"expansion": "閔 (MC minX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Li, 2017"
},
"expansion": "Li, 2017",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT.\nIn most modern Min dialects and some other southern dialects (including Hakka and Xiang), it is read with a level tone (平聲), which is the expected reflex based on rime dictionaries. In Mandarin and the remaining southern dialects, it is read with a rising tone (上聲), probably due to analogy with the phonetic component of 閔 (MC minX) (Li, 2017).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "閩",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mán",
"word": "蠻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mán",
"word": "蛮"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 23 12 16 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Min people (ancient ethnic group)"
],
"id": "en-閩-zh-character-Z5p~Tfqh",
"links": [
[
"Min",
"Min"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Min people (ancient ethnic group)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in China",
"orig": "zh:Places in China",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in Fujian",
"orig": "zh:Places in Fujian",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Rivers in China",
"orig": "zh:Rivers in China",
"parents": [
"Rivers",
"Places",
"Bodies of water",
"Names",
"Landforms",
"Water",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Earth",
"Liquids",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Nature",
"Matter",
"Lemmas",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Rivers in Fujian",
"orig": "zh:Rivers in Fujian",
"parents": [
"Rivers",
"Places",
"Bodies of water",
"Names",
"Landforms",
"Water",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Earth",
"Liquids",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Nature",
"Matter",
"Lemmas",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Min River (a river in Fujian, China)"
],
"id": "en-閩-zh-character-dolCpWzP",
"links": [
[
"～江",
"閩江#Chinese"
],
[
"Min River",
"w:Min River (Fujian)"
],
[
"Fujian",
"Fujian#English"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～江) Min River (a river in Fujian, China)"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "southern Fujian",
"roman": "mǐnnán",
"text": "閩南／闽南",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "western Fujian",
"roman": "mǐnxī",
"text": "閩西／闽西",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Fujian cuisine",
"roman": "mǐncài",
"text": "閩菜／闽菜",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fujian"
],
"id": "en-閩-zh-character-vhHW0eLs",
"links": [
[
"Fujian",
"Fujian"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Min languages"
],
"id": "en-閩-zh-character-UUVySg0o",
"links": [
[
"～語",
"閩語#Chinese"
],
[
"方言",
"方言#Chinese"
],
[
"Min",
"Min"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～語, ～方言) Min languages"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-閩-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mǐn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "min³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "man³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "men²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ming²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "mâing"
},
{
"zh-pron": "mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mang⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶min"
},
{
"zh-pron": "min²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "mǐn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mǐn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "min³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mǐn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "минь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "minʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "min²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "min"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "min"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "máhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "man³"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐban²²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "men`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "men³"
},
{
"ipa": "/men³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mən¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ming²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mĩŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "mâing"
},
{
"ipa": "/maiŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "baan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ban²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ban²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Jinjiang",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ban¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "biin"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/maŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "min^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/min²³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "min²"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mrə[n]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mrɯn/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐban²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/men³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mən¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mĩŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/maiŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ban²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ban²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ban¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/maŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹³/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*mrɯn/"
},
{
"other": "/*mɯn/"
}
],
"word": "閩"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min nouns",
"Northern Min proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Qīmǐn",
"word": "七閩"
},
{
"roman": "Qīmǐn",
"word": "七闽"
},
{
"roman": "Bāmǐn",
"word": "八閩"
},
{
"roman": "Bāmǐn",
"word": "八闽"
},
{
"word": "洛閩"
},
{
"word": "洛闽"
},
{
"word": "洛閩之學"
},
{
"word": "洛闽之学"
},
{
"word": "濂洛關閩"
},
{
"word": "濂洛关闽"
},
{
"word": "閩中"
},
{
"word": "闽中"
},
{
"word": "閩中十子"
},
{
"word": "闽中十子"
},
{
"word": "閩中話"
},
{
"word": "闽中话"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnzhōngyǔ",
"word": "閩中語"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnzhōngyǔ",
"word": "闽中语"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnhòu",
"word": "閩侯"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnhòu",
"word": "闽侯"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnjù",
"word": "閩劇"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnjù",
"word": "闽剧"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnběi",
"word": "閩北"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnběi",
"word": "闽北"
},
{
"word": "閩北話"
},
{
"word": "闽北话"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnběiyǔ",
"word": "閩北語"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnběiyǔ",
"word": "闽北语"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnnán",
"word": "閩南"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnnán",
"word": "闽南"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnnánhuà",
"word": "閩南話"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnnánhuà",
"word": "闽南话"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnnányǔ",
"word": "閩南語"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnnányǔ",
"word": "闽南语"
},
{
"word": "閩學"
},
{
"word": "闽学"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnníng",
"word": "閩寧"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnníng",
"word": "闽宁"
},
{
"word": "閩嶠"
},
{
"word": "闽峤"
},
{
"word": "閩嶺"
},
{
"word": "闽岭"
},
{
"word": "閩川"
},
{
"word": "闽川"
},
{
"word": "閩徼"
},
{
"word": "闽徼"
},
{
"word": "閩本"
},
{
"word": "闽本"
},
{
"roman": "mǐndōng",
"word": "閩東"
},
{
"roman": "mǐndōng",
"word": "闽东"
},
{
"word": "閩東話"
},
{
"word": "闽东话"
},
{
"roman": "mǐndōngyǔ",
"word": "閩東語"
},
{
"roman": "mǐndōngyǔ",
"word": "闽东语"
},
{
"roman": "mǐn Jiāng",
"word": "閩江"
},
{
"roman": "mǐn Jiāng",
"word": "闽江"
},
{
"word": "閩派"
},
{
"word": "闽派"
},
{
"word": "閩洛"
},
{
"word": "闽洛"
},
{
"word": "閩海"
},
{
"word": "闽海"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnqīng",
"word": "閩清"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnqīng",
"word": "闽清"
},
{
"word": "閩粵"
},
{
"word": "闽粤"
},
{
"word": "閩荒"
},
{
"word": "闽荒"
},
{
"word": "閩虻"
},
{
"word": "闽虻"
},
{
"word": "閩蚋"
},
{
"word": "闽蚋"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnxī",
"word": "閩西"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnxī",
"word": "闽西"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnyǔ",
"word": "閩語"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnyǔ",
"word": "闽语"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnyuè",
"word": "閩越"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnyuè",
"word": "闽越"
},
{
"word": "閩都"
},
{
"word": "闽都"
},
{
"word": "閩關"
},
{
"word": "闽关"
},
{
"word": "閩隸"
},
{
"word": "闽隶"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Matisoff (2003)"
},
"expansion": "Matisoff (2003)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*s-b/m-ruːl",
"4": "",
"5": "snake"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*平聲"
},
"expansion": "平聲",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*上聲"
},
"expansion": "上聲",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "閔"
},
"expansion": "閔 (MC minX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Li, 2017"
},
"expansion": "Li, 2017",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT.\nIn most modern Min dialects and some other southern dialects (including Hakka and Xiang), it is read with a level tone (平聲), which is the expected reflex based on rime dictionaries. In Mandarin and the remaining southern dialects, it is read with a rising tone (上聲), probably due to analogy with the phonetic component of 閔 (MC minX) (Li, 2017).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "閩",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"roman": "mán",
"word": "蠻"
},
{
"roman": "mán",
"word": "蛮"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Min people (ancient ethnic group)"
],
"links": [
[
"Min",
"Min"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Min people (ancient ethnic group)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"zh:Places in China",
"zh:Places in Fujian",
"zh:Rivers in China",
"zh:Rivers in Fujian"
],
"glosses": [
"Min River (a river in Fujian, China)"
],
"links": [
[
"～江",
"閩江#Chinese"
],
[
"Min River",
"w:Min River (Fujian)"
],
[
"Fujian",
"Fujian#English"
],
[
"China",
"China#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～江) Min River (a river in Fujian, China)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "southern Fujian",
"roman": "mǐnnán",
"text": "閩南／闽南",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "western Fujian",
"roman": "mǐnxī",
"text": "閩西／闽西",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Fujian cuisine",
"roman": "mǐncài",
"text": "閩菜／闽菜",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fujian"
],
"links": [
[
"Fujian",
"Fujian"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Min languages"
],
"links": [
[
"～語",
"閩語#Chinese"
],
[
"方言",
"方言#Chinese"
],
[
"Min",
"Min"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～語, ～方言) Min languages"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mǐn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "min³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "man³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "men²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ming²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "mâing"
},
{
"zh-pron": "mìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mang⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶min"
},
{
"zh-pron": "min²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "mǐn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mǐn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "min³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mǐn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "минь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "minʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "min²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "min"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "min"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "máhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "man³"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐban²²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "min³"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "men`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "men³"
},
{
"ipa": "/men³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mən¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ming²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mĩŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "mâing"
},
{
"ipa": "/maiŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "mìng"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "baan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ban²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ban²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Jinjiang",
"Quanzhou",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ban¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "biin"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/maŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "min^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/min²³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "min²"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "min"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mrə[n]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mrɯn/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mɯn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ᵐban²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/men³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mən¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mĩŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/maiŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ban²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ban²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ban¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/maŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/min¹³/"
},
{
"other": "[n]"
},
{
"other": "/*mrɯn/"
},
{
"other": "/*mɯn/"
}
],
"word": "閩"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": "started on line 101, detected on line 115"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, variant)⁺'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary)'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～江",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～江",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～語, ～方言",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～語, ～方言",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～語, ～方言",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～語, ～方言",
"path": [
"閩"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "definitions",
"title": "閩",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.