"範疇" meaning in Chinese

See 範疇 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /fän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /faːn²² t͡sʰɐu̯²¹/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /huan²² tiu²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /huan²²⁻²¹ tiu¹³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /huan³³⁻¹¹ tiu²⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /huan²²⁻²¹ tiu²⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /huan³³⁻²¹ tiu²³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /fän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/, /faːn²² t͡sʰɐu̯²¹/, /huan²² tiu²⁴/, /huan²²⁻²¹ tiu¹³/, /huan³³⁻¹¹ tiu²⁴/, /huan²²⁻²¹ tiu²⁴/, /huan³³⁻²¹ tiu²³/ Chinese transliterations: fànchóu [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄈㄢˋ ㄔㄡˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], faan⁶ cau⁴ [Cantonese, Jyutping], hoǎn-tiû, hoān-tiû, fànchóu [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄈㄢˋ ㄔㄡˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], fànchóu [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], fan⁴-chʻou² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], fàn-chóu [Mandarin, Yale, standard], fannchour [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], фаньчоу [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], fanʹčou [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], faahn chàuh [Cantonese, Yale], faan⁶ tsau⁴ [Cantonese, Pinyin], fan⁶ ceo⁴ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], hoǎn-tiû [Hokkien, POJ], huǎn-tiû [Hokkien, Tai-lo], hoān-tiû [Hokkien, POJ], huān-tiû [Hokkien, Tai-lo], hoaxndiuu [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun] Forms: 范畴
Etymology: Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 範(はん)疇(ちゅう) (hanchū). Etymology templates: {{obor|zh|ja|-|nocap=1|notext=1}} Japanese, {{ja-r|範%疇|はん%ちゅう|gloss=}} 範(はん)疇(ちゅう) (hanchū), {{cat|zh|Wasei kango}}, {{wasei kango|範%疇|はん%ちゅう}} Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 範(はん)疇(ちゅう) (hanchū) Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 範疇
  1. conceptual category; scope; domain
    Sense id: en-範疇-zh-noun-A6QHMVFH Categories (other): Wasei kango Disambiguation of Wasei kango: 46 54
  2. (category theory) category Categories (topical): Category theory
    Sense id: en-範疇-zh-noun-7bLNO3TJ Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese, Chinese terms with redundant script codes, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Wasei kango Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 22 78 Disambiguation of Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese: 34 66 Disambiguation of Chinese terms with redundant script codes: 18 82 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 20 80 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 84 Disambiguation of Wasei kango: 46 54 Topics: category-theory, computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 圈子 (quānzi) [figuratively], 幅度 (fúdù), 範圍 (fànwéi), 范围 (fànwéi), 規模 (guīmó), 规模 (guīmó) Derived forms: 範疇論 (fànchóulùn), 范畴论 (fànchóulùn), 詞彙範疇 (cíhuì fànchóu), 词汇范畴 (cíhuì fànchóu)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "fànchóulùn",
      "word": "範疇論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "fànchóulùn",
      "word": "范畴论"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cíhuì fànchóu",
      "word": "詞彙範疇"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cíhuì fànchóu",
      "word": "词汇范畴"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "ja",
        "3": "-",
        "nocap": "1",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese",
      "name": "obor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "範%疇",
        "2": "はん%ちゅう",
        "gloss": ""
      },
      "expansion": "範(はん)疇(ちゅう) (hanchū)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Wasei kango"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "範%疇",
        "2": "はん%ちゅう"
      },
      "expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 範(はん)疇(ちゅう) (hanchū)",
      "name": "wasei kango"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 範(はん)疇(ちゅう) (hanchū).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "范畴",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "範疇",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Wasei kango",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "conceptual category; scope; domain"
      ],
      "id": "en-範疇-zh-noun-A6QHMVFH",
      "links": [
        [
          "conceptual",
          "conceptual"
        ],
        [
          "category",
          "category"
        ],
        [
          "scope",
          "scope"
        ],
        [
          "domain",
          "domain"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Category theory",
          "orig": "zh:Category theory",
          "parents": [
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Wasei kango",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "category"
      ],
      "id": "en-範疇-zh-noun-7bLNO3TJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "category theory",
          "category theory"
        ],
        [
          "category",
          "category"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(category theory) category"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "category-theory",
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fànchóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄈㄢˋ ㄔㄡˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "faan⁶ cau⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "hoǎn-tiû"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "hoān-tiû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fànchóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄈㄢˋ ㄔㄡˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fànchóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fan⁴-chʻou²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fàn-chóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fannchour"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "фаньчоу"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fanʹčou"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "faahn chàuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "faan⁶ tsau⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fan⁶ ceo⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/faːn²² t͡sʰɐu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoǎn-tiû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "huǎn-tiû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²² tiu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoān-tiû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "huān-tiû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoaxndiuu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²²⁻²¹ tiu¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan³³⁻¹¹ tiu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²²⁻²¹ tiu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan³³⁻²¹ tiu²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/faːn²² t͡sʰɐu̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²² tiu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²²⁻²¹ tiu¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan³³⁻¹¹ tiu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²²⁻²¹ tiu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan³³⁻²¹ tiu²³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "quānzi",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "圈子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "fúdù",
      "word": "幅度"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "fànwéi",
      "word": "範圍"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "fànwéi",
      "word": "范围"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "guīmó",
      "word": "規模"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "guīmó",
      "word": "规模"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Shanghai",
    "Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House",
    "zh:高名凯"
  ],
  "word": "範疇"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
    "Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
    "Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
    "Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 疇",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 範",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese terms with redundant script codes",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Wasei kango"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "fànchóulùn",
      "word": "範疇論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fànchóulùn",
      "word": "范畴论"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cíhuì fànchóu",
      "word": "詞彙範疇"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cíhuì fànchóu",
      "word": "词汇范畴"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "ja",
        "3": "-",
        "nocap": "1",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese",
      "name": "obor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "範%疇",
        "2": "はん%ちゅう",
        "gloss": ""
      },
      "expansion": "範(はん)疇(ちゅう) (hanchū)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Wasei kango"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "範%疇",
        "2": "はん%ちゅう"
      },
      "expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 範(はん)疇(ちゅう) (hanchū)",
      "name": "wasei kango"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 範(はん)疇(ちゅう) (hanchū).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "范畴",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "範疇",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "conceptual category; scope; domain"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "conceptual",
          "conceptual"
        ],
        [
          "category",
          "category"
        ],
        [
          "scope",
          "scope"
        ],
        [
          "domain",
          "domain"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Category theory"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "category"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "category theory",
          "category theory"
        ],
        [
          "category",
          "category"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(category theory) category"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "category-theory",
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fànchóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄈㄢˋ ㄔㄡˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "faan⁶ cau⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "hoǎn-tiû"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "hoān-tiû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fànchóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄈㄢˋ ㄔㄡˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fànchóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fan⁴-chʻou²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fàn-chóu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fannchour"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "фаньчоу"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fanʹčou"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "faahn chàuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "faan⁶ tsau⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "fan⁶ ceo⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/faːn²² t͡sʰɐu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoǎn-tiû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "huǎn-tiû"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²² tiu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoān-tiû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "huān-tiû"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "hoaxndiuu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²²⁻²¹ tiu¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan³³⁻¹¹ tiu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²²⁻²¹ tiu²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan³³⁻²¹ tiu²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/fän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/faːn²² t͡sʰɐu̯²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²² tiu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²²⁻²¹ tiu¹³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan³³⁻¹¹ tiu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan²²⁻²¹ tiu²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/huan³³⁻²¹ tiu²³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "quānzi",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "圈子"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fúdù",
      "word": "幅度"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fànwéi",
      "word": "範圍"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fànwéi",
      "word": "范围"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guīmó",
      "word": "規模"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guīmó",
      "word": "规模"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Shanghai",
    "Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House",
    "zh:高名凯"
  ],
  "word": "範疇"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 範疇 meaning in Chinese (4.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "範疇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "範疇",
  "trace": "started on line 20, detected on line 20"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
  "path": [
    "範疇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "範疇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "範疇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "範疇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "範疇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "範疇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "範疇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "範疇",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2196",
  "msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1'], ['edit']){} >",
  "path": [
    "範疇"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "範疇",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.