"留級" meaning in Chinese

See 留級 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐp̚⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /liu¹³⁻²² kip̚³²/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /liu²³⁻³³ kip̚³²/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kip̚³²/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚⁵/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /liu²⁴⁻²² kʰip̚⁵/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/, /lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐp̚⁵/, /liu¹³⁻²² kip̚³²/, /liu²³⁻³³ kip̚³²/, /liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kip̚³²/, /liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚⁵/, /liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/, /liu²⁴⁻²² kʰip̚⁵/ Chinese transliterations: liújí [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄐㄧˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], lau⁴ kap¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], liû-kip, liû-khip, liújí [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], lióují [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], liu²-chi² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], lyóu-jí [Mandarin, Yale], lioujyi [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], люцзи [Mandarin, Palladius], ljuczi [Mandarin, Palladius], làuh kāp [Cantonese, Yale], lau⁴ kap⁷ [Cantonese, Pinyin], leo⁴ keb¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], liû-kip [Hokkien, POJ], liû-kip [Hokkien, Tai-lo], liu'kib [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], liû-khip [Hokkien, POJ], liû-khip [Hokkien, Tai-lo], liu'qib [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun] Forms: 留级
Head templates: {{zh-verb}} 留級
  1. (education) to repeat a grade; to retain; to hold back Categories (topical): Education
    Sense id: en-留級-zh-verb-KaqyQy9e Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Topics: education Synonyms: 留級 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 留班 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 蹲班 [Beijing], 留級 [Taiwan], 留級 [Jilu-Mandarin, Jinan], 蹲班 [Muping, Yantai], 坐班 [Muping, Yantai], 留級 [Luoyang], 留級 [Wanrong], 蹲級 [Xuzhou], 留級 [Yinchuan], 踏級 [Yinchuan], 留班 [Cantonese, Guangzhou], 留級 [Cantonese, Guangzhou], 留班 [Cantonese, Hong-Kong], 㨆班 [Cantonese, Hong-Kong], 留級 [Gan, Pingxiang], 落第 [Hakka, Sixian, Miaoli, Northern], 落第 [Hakka, Sixian, Pingtung], 落第 [Hakka, Hsinchu-County], 落第 [Hakka, Taichung], 落第 [Hakka, Yunlin], 坐班 [Jian'ou], 降班 [Fuzhou], 甪班 [Xiamen], 落第 [Tainan], 留級 [Southern-Pinghua, Nanning, Tingzi], 笪班 [Southern-Pinghua, Nanning, Tingzi], 留級 [Wu, Chongming, Shanghai], 留級 [Wu, Suzhou], 留級 [Wu, Hangzhou], 留級 [Wu, Ningbo]
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "留级",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "留級",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Education",
          "orig": "zh:Education",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to repeat a grade; to retain; to hold back"
      ],
      "id": "en-留級-zh-verb-KaqyQy9e",
      "links": [
        [
          "education",
          "education"
        ],
        [
          "repeat",
          "repeat"
        ],
        [
          "retain",
          "retain"
        ],
        [
          "hold back",
          "hold back"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(education) to repeat a grade; to retain; to hold back"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "留班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Beijing"
          ],
          "word": "蹲班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Taiwan"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Jilu-Mandarin",
            "Jinan"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Muping",
            "Yantai"
          ],
          "word": "蹲班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Muping",
            "Yantai"
          ],
          "word": "坐班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Luoyang"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wanrong"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Xuzhou"
          ],
          "word": "蹲級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Yinchuan"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Yinchuan"
          ],
          "word": "踏級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Guangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "留班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Guangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Hong-Kong"
          ],
          "word": "留班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Hong-Kong"
          ],
          "word": "㨆班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Gan",
            "Pingxiang"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Sixian",
            "Miaoli",
            "Northern"
          ],
          "word": "落第"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Sixian",
            "Pingtung"
          ],
          "word": "落第"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Hsinchu-County"
          ],
          "word": "落第"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Taichung"
          ],
          "word": "落第"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Yunlin"
          ],
          "word": "落第"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Jian'ou"
          ],
          "word": "坐班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Fuzhou"
          ],
          "word": "降班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Xiamen"
          ],
          "word": "甪班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tainan"
          ],
          "word": "落第"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Southern-Pinghua",
            "Nanning",
            "Tingzi"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Southern-Pinghua",
            "Nanning",
            "Tingzi"
          ],
          "word": "笪班"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Chongming",
            "Shanghai"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Suzhou"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Hangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Ningbo"
          ],
          "word": "留級"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "education"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liújí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄐㄧˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lau⁴ kap¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "liû-kip"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "liû-khip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liújí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lióují"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liu²-chi²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lyóu-jí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lioujyi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "люцзи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ljuczi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "làuh kāp"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lau⁴ kap⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "leo⁴ keb¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐp̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liû-kip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liû-kip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liu'kib"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu¹³⁻²² kip̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²³⁻³³ kip̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kip̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liû-khip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liû-khip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liu'qib"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kʰip̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐp̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu¹³⁻²² kip̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²³⁻³³ kip̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kip̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kʰip̚⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "留級"
}
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "留级",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "留級",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese verbs",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 留",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 級",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Chinese verbs",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Hokkien verbs",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "zh:Education"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to repeat a grade; to retain; to hold back"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "education",
          "education"
        ],
        [
          "repeat",
          "repeat"
        ],
        [
          "retain",
          "retain"
        ],
        [
          "hold back",
          "hold back"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(education) to repeat a grade; to retain; to hold back"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "education"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liújí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄐㄧˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lau⁴ kap¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "liû-kip"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "liû-khip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liújí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lióují"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liu²-chi²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lyóu-jí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lioujyi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "люцзи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ljuczi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "làuh kāp"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lau⁴ kap⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "leo⁴ keb¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐp̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liû-kip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liû-kip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liu'kib"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu¹³⁻²² kip̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²³⁻³³ kip̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kip̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liû-khip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liû-khip"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "liu'qib"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kʰip̚⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐp̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu¹³⁻²² kip̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²³⁻³³ kip̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kip̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kip̚³²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/liu²⁴⁻²² kʰip̚⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "留班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Beijing"
      ],
      "word": "蹲班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jilu-Mandarin",
        "Jinan"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Muping",
        "Yantai"
      ],
      "word": "蹲班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Muping",
        "Yantai"
      ],
      "word": "坐班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Luoyang"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wanrong"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "蹲級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Yinchuan"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Yinchuan"
      ],
      "word": "踏級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "留班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "留班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "㨆班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Pingxiang"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Northern"
      ],
      "word": "落第"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Pingtung"
      ],
      "word": "落第"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "落第"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Taichung"
      ],
      "word": "落第"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hsinchu-County"
      ],
      "word": "落第"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Yunlin"
      ],
      "word": "落第"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou"
      ],
      "word": "坐班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "降班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "甪班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tainan"
      ],
      "word": "落第"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Pinghua",
        "Nanning",
        "Tingzi"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Pinghua",
        "Nanning",
        "Tingzi"
      ],
      "word": "笪班"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Chongming",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Suzhou"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Hangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Ningbo"
      ],
      "word": "留級"
    }
  ],
  "word": "留級"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 留級 meaning in Chinese (4.6kB)

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "留級"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "留級",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "留級"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "留級",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "留級"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "留級",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "留級"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "留級",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.