See 無明 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "無明"
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "無明",
"2": "むみょう",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "無明(むみょう) (mumyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "무명(無明)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "無明",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "vô minh",
"bor": "1",
"id": "無明",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "無明"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "無明",
"2": "むみょう",
"3": "무명",
"4": "vô minh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "無明",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "無明",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "無明",
"v": "無明",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "むみょう",
"3": "무명",
"4": "vô minh"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "; ignorant; unintelligent",
"forms": [
{
"form": "无明",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unable to see; blind"
],
"id": "en-無明-zh-adj-c8UlRUih",
"links": [
[
"unable",
"unable"
],
[
"see",
"see"
],
[
"blind",
"blind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) unable to see; blind"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "zh:Buddhism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ignorant; unintelligent"
],
"id": "en-無明-zh-adj-MA97jOpR",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"ignorant",
"ignorant"
],
[
"unintelligent",
"unintelligent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) ignorant; unintelligent"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "mò-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "bû-bêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wu²-ming²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wú-míng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wuming"
},
{
"roman": "umin",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "умин"
},
{
"ipa": "/u³⁵ miŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "無名",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "无名",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "無明",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "无明",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "mòuh mìhng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/mou̯²¹ mɪŋ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "無名",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
]
},
{
"homophone": "无名",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
]
},
{
"homophone": "無明",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
]
},
{
"homophone": "无明",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "mò-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "mo^ˇ min^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "mo² min²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mo¹¹ min¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "bû-bêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "bû-bîng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "bu'beeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "mju mjaeng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Baxter-Sagart"
],
"zh_pron": "/*ma|mo mraŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*ma mraŋ/"
}
],
"word": "無明"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 明",
"Chinese terms spelled with 無",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese adjectives",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese adjectives",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "無明"
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "無明",
"2": "むみょう",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "無明(むみょう) (mumyō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "무명(無明)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "無明",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "vô minh",
"bor": "1",
"id": "無明",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "無明"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "無明",
"2": "むみょう",
"3": "무명",
"4": "vô minh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "無明",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "無明",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "無明",
"v": "無明",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "むみょう",
"3": "무명",
"4": "vô minh"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (無明):\n* → Japanese: 無明(むみょう) (mumyō)\n* → Korean: 무명(無明) (mumyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: vô minh (無明)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "; ignorant; unintelligent",
"forms": [
{
"form": "无明",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "無明",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"unable to see; blind"
],
"links": [
[
"unable",
"unable"
],
[
"see",
"see"
],
[
"blind",
"blind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) unable to see; blind"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"ignorant; unintelligent"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"ignorant",
"ignorant"
],
[
"unintelligent",
"unintelligent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) ignorant; unintelligent"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "mò-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "bû-bêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúmíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wu²-ming²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wú-míng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wuming"
},
{
"roman": "umin",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "умин"
},
{
"ipa": "/u³⁵ miŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "無名",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "无名",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "無明",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "无明",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "mòuh mìhng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "mou⁴ ming⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/mou̯²¹ mɪŋ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "無名",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
]
},
{
"homophone": "无名",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
]
},
{
"homophone": "無明",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
]
},
{
"homophone": "无明",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones",
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "mò-mìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "mo^ˇ min^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "mo² min²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mo¹¹ min¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "bû-bêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "bû-bîng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "bu'beeng"
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bu²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "mju mjaeng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Baxter-Sagart"
],
"zh_pron": "/*ma|mo mraŋ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*ma mraŋ/"
}
],
"word": "無明"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 無明 meaning in Chinese (7.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"無明"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "無明",
"trace": "started on line 20, detected on line 20"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"無明"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "無明",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (7cef23e and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.