See 混凝土 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "混%凝%土",
"2": "コン%クリー%ト",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "混(コン)凝(クリー)土(ト) (konkurīto)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "混%凝%土",
"2": "コン%クリー%ト"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 混(コン)凝(クリー)土(ト) (konkurīto)",
"name": "wasei kango"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "en",
"3": "concrete"
},
"expansion": "English concrete",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 混(コン)凝(クリー)土(ト) (konkurīto), in turn from English concrete.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "混凝土",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Building materials",
"orig": "zh:Building materials",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"concrete (building material)"
],
"id": "en-混凝土-zh-noun-~koKaDxQ",
"links": [
[
"concrete",
"concrete"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "shuǐní",
"word": "水泥"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "lime-sand-clay mixture",
"roman": "sānhétǔ",
"word": "三合土"
},
{
"roman": "Shanghainese",
"word": "三和土"
},
{
"english": "lime-sand-clay mixture",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "灰塗"
},
{
"english": "lime-sand-clay mixture",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "灰涂"
},
{
"roman": "shíshǐ",
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "石屎"
},
{
"roman": "tóng",
"topics": [
"technical",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "砼"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hùnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hǔnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄣˇ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "wan⁶ jing⁴ tou²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "hūn-gêng-thó͘"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khōng-ku-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hùnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hùnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hun⁴-ning²-tʻu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hwùn-níng-tǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "huennningtuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "хуньнинту"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "xunʹnintu"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən⁵¹ niŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hǔnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hǔnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hun³-ning²-tʻu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hwǔn-níng-tǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hoenningtuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "хуньнинту"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xunʹnintu"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wahn yìhng tóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wan⁶ jing⁴ tou²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "wen⁶ ying⁴ tou²"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐn²² jɪŋ²¹ tʰou̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hūn-gêng-thó͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hūn-gîng-thóo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "huxn'gengtor"
},
{
"ipa": "/hun²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hun²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hun⁴¹⁻²² ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khōng-ku-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khōng-ku-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoxngkulie"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən⁵¹ niŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐn²² jɪŋ²¹ tʰou̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hun²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hun²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hun⁴¹⁻²² ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/"
}
],
"word": "混凝土"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "混%凝%土",
"2": "コン%クリー%ト",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "混(コン)凝(クリー)土(ト) (konkurīto)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "混%凝%土",
"2": "コン%クリー%ト"
},
"expansion": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 混(コン)凝(クリー)土(ト) (konkurīto)",
"name": "wasei kango"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "en",
"3": "concrete"
},
"expansion": "English concrete",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 混(コン)凝(クリー)土(ト) (konkurīto), in turn from English concrete.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "混凝土",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "shuǐní",
"word": "水泥"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from English",
"Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from wasei kango",
"Chinese terms spelled with 凝",
"Chinese terms spelled with 土",
"Chinese terms spelled with 混",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Building materials"
],
"glosses": [
"concrete (building material)"
],
"links": [
[
"concrete",
"concrete"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hùnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hǔnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄣˇ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "wan⁶ jing⁴ tou²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "hūn-gêng-thó͘"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khōng-ku-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hùnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hùnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hun⁴-ning²-tʻu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "hwùn-níng-tǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "huennningtuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "хуньнинту"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "xunʹnintu"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən⁵¹ niŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hǔnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "hǔnníngtǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hun³-ning²-tʻu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hwǔn-níng-tǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "hoenningtuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "хуньнинту"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xunʹnintu"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "wahn yìhng tóu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wan⁶ jing⁴ tou²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "wen⁶ ying⁴ tou²"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐn²² jɪŋ²¹ tʰou̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hūn-gêng-thó͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "hūn-gîng-thóo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "huxn'gengtor"
},
{
"ipa": "/hun²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hun²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hun⁴¹⁻²² ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khōng-ku-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khōng-ku-lí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoxngkulie"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən⁵¹ niŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wɐn²² jɪŋ²¹ tʰou̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hun²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hun²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪŋ¹³⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hun⁴¹⁻²² ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³⁻²¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "lime-sand-clay mixture",
"roman": "sānhétǔ",
"word": "三合土"
},
{
"roman": "Shanghainese",
"word": "三和土"
},
{
"english": "lime-sand-clay mixture",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "灰塗"
},
{
"english": "lime-sand-clay mixture",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "灰涂"
},
{
"roman": "shíshǐ",
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "石屎"
},
{
"roman": "tóng",
"topics": [
"technical",
"engineering",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "砼"
}
],
"word": "混凝土"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 混凝土 meaning in Chinese (5.7kB)
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"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"混凝土"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "混凝土",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"混凝土"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "混凝土",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, variant or dialectal)⁺'",
"path": [
"混凝土"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "混凝土",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"混凝土"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "混凝土",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.