"木乃伊" meaning in Chinese

See 木乃伊 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, Standard-Chinese, colloquial], /mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³ jiː⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Sinological-IPA], /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Xiamen], /bɔk̚²⁴⁻² nãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i³³/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Quanzhou], /bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Zhangzhou], /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Taipei], /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung, Min-Nan], /mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/, /mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/, /mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³ jiː⁵⁵/, /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/, /bɔk̚²⁴⁻² nãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i³³/, /bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/, /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/, /bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/ Chinese transliterations: mùnǎiyī [Mandarin, Pinyin], mùnǎiyí [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], muk⁶ naai⁵ ji¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], bo̍k-nái-i, mùnǎiyī [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], mùnǎiyi [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], mu⁴-nai³-i¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], mù-nǎi-yī [Mandarin, Yale, standard], muhnaei [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], мунайи [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], munaji [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], mùnǎiyí [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, colloquial], ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧˊ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, bopomofo, colloquial], mùnǎiyí [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Tongyong-Pinyin, colloquial], mu⁴-nai³-i² [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Wade-Giles, colloquial], mù-nǎi-yí [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Yale, colloquial], muhnaeyi [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, colloquial], мунайи [Mandarin, Palladius, Standard-Chinese, colloquial], munaji [Mandarin, Palladius, Standard-Chinese, colloquial], muk⁶ naai⁵ ji¹ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], muhk náaih yī [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Yale], muk⁹ naai⁵ ji¹ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Pinyin], mug⁶ nai⁵ yi¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong], bo̍k-nái-i [Hokkien, Min-Nan, POJ], bo̍k-nái-i [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Tai-lo], bognayy [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Phofsit-Daibuun]
Etymology: From an unidentified western language, presumably from some language in the Islamosphere. Compare Persian ⁧مومیایی⁩ (mômiyâyi, mumiyâyi, “mummy; shilajit”) and ⁧مومنایی⁩ (mumenâyi, “shilajit”). A Western traveller (Engelbert Kaempfer) also encountered the latter in Persia in the 1680s. Earliest attestation was in Ming Dynasty, see the following quote: 回回田地有年七八十歲老人,自願捨身濟眾者,絕不飲食,惟澡身啖蜜,經月,便溺皆蜜。既死,國人殮以石棺,仍滿用蜜浸,鐫志歲月於棺蓋,瘞之。俟百年啟封,則蜜劑也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]回回田地有年七八十岁老人,自愿舍身济众者,绝不饮食,惟澡身啖蜜,经月,便溺皆蜜。既死,国人殓以石棺,仍满用蜜浸,镌志岁月于棺盖,瘗之。俟百年启封,则蜜剂也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] From: 明‧陶宗儀《輟耕錄‧木乃伊》 (Tao Zongyi (Ming Dynasty), "Chuogenglu - Record after retiring from plowing", Chapter "Mummies") Huíhuí tiándì yǒu nián qī bāshí suì lǎorén, zìyuàn shěshēn jìzhòng zhě, jué bù yǐnshí, wéi zǎo shēn dàn mì, jīng yuè, biàn nì jiē mì. Jì sǐ, guórén liàn yǐ shíguān, réng mǎn yòng mì jìn, juānzhì suìyuè yú guāngài, yì zhī. Sì bǎi nián qǐfēng, zé mì jì yě...... Sú yuē mìrén, fān yán mùnǎiyī. [Pinyin] There were men 70 to 80 years of age in Arabia (?) willing to give their bodies to save others. They never ate or drink, only bathed and partook of honey. After a month, their excrement (urine and faeces) consisted of honey only. After they died, their fellow men would place them in stone coffins full of honey in which they macerated. The year and month of deaths were engraved on the coffins and the coffins were buried. After a hundred years the coffins were reopened - a confection of honey had formed. Colloquially people called these "mellified men", in their native tongue "munaiyi". See also "Mellified men" on Wikipedia. Other transliterations include: * 木蜜納亦/木蜜纳亦 (mùmìnàyì, “mummy”), attested in Huihui Yaofang (Islamic Formularies, ca. 14th century); * 木蜜亞依/木蜜亚依 (mùmìyàyī), attested in Mingjing Cidian (明淨詞典); * 木蜜亞/木蜜亚 (mùmìyà) (from Uyghur), all of which might have referred to Shilajit (地蠟/地蜡 (dìlà)) originally. Etymology templates: {{cog|fa|مومیایی||mummy; shilajit|tr=mômiyâyi, mumiyâyi}} Persian ⁧مومیایی⁩ (mômiyâyi, mumiyâyi, “mummy; shilajit”), {{m|fa|مومنایی|t=shilajit|tr=mumenâyi}} ⁧مومنایی⁩ (mumenâyi, “shilajit”), {{zh-x|回回 田地 有 年 七 八十 歲 老人,自願 捨身 濟眾 者,絕 不 飲食,惟 澡 身 啖 蜜,經 月,便 溺 皆 蜜。既 死,國人 殮 以 石棺,仍 滿 用 蜜 浸,鐫志 歲月 於 棺蓋,瘞 之。俟 百 年 啟封,則 蜜 劑 也……俗 曰 蜜人,番 言 木乃伊。|There were men 70 to 80 years of age in Arabia (?) willing to give their bodies to save others. They never ate or drink, only bathed and partook of honey. After a month, their excrement (urine and faeces) consisted of honey only. After they died, their fellow men would place them in stone coffins full of honey in which they macerated. The year and month of deaths were engraved on the coffins and the coffins were buried. After a hundred years the coffins were reopened - a confection of honey had formed. Colloquially people called these "mellified men", in their native tongue "munaiyi".|CL|collapsed=y|ref=明‧陶宗儀《輟耕錄‧木乃伊》 (Tao Zongyi (Ming Dynasty), "Chuogenglu - Record after retiring from plowing", Chapter "Mummies")}} 回回田地有年七八十歲老人,自願捨身濟眾者,絕不飲食,惟澡身啖蜜,經月,便溺皆蜜。既死,國人殮以石棺,仍滿用蜜浸,鐫志歲月於棺蓋,瘞之。俟百年啟封,則蜜劑也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]回回田地有年七八十岁老人,自愿舍身济众者,绝不饮食,惟澡身啖蜜,经月,便溺皆蜜。既死,国人殓以石棺,仍满用蜜浸,镌志岁月于棺盖,瘗之。俟百年启封,则蜜剂也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] From: 明‧陶宗儀《輟耕錄‧木乃伊》 (Tao Zongyi (Ming Dynasty), "Chuogenglu - Record after retiring from plowing", Chapter "Mummies") Huíhuí tiándì yǒu nián qī bāshí suì lǎorén, zìyuàn shěshēn jìzhòng zhě, jué bù yǐnshí, wéi zǎo shēn dàn mì, jīng yuè, biàn nì jiē mì. Jì sǐ, guórén liàn yǐ shíguān, réng mǎn yòng mì jìn, juānzhì suìyuè yú guāngài, yì zhī. Sì bǎi nián qǐfēng, zé mì jì yě...... Sú yuē mìrén, fān yán mùnǎiyī. [Pinyin] There were men 70 to 80 years of age in Arabia (?) willing to give their bodies to save others. They never ate or drink, only bathed and partook of honey. After a month, their excrement (urine and faeces) consisted of honey only. After they died, their fellow men would place them in stone coffins full of honey in which they macerated. The year and month of deaths were engraved on the coffins and the coffins were buried. After a hundred years the coffins were reopened - a confection of honey had formed. Colloquially people called these "mellified men", in their native tongue "munaiyi"., {{zh-l|木蜜納亦||mummy}} 木蜜納亦/木蜜纳亦 (mùmìnàyì, “mummy”), {{zh-l|木蜜亞依}} 木蜜亞依/木蜜亚依 (mùmìyàyī), {{lang|zh|明淨詞典}} 明淨詞典, {{zh-l|木蜜亞}} 木蜜亞/木蜜亚 (mùmìyà), {{zh-l|地蠟}} 地蠟/地蜡 (dìlà) Head templates: {{head|zh|noun|head=|sort=}} 木乃伊, {{zh-noun}} 木乃伊
  1. mummy (embalmed corpse) Wikipedia link: Engelbert Kaempfer, Mellified men, Ming Dynasty, Shilajit, zh:回回藥方
    Sense id: en-木乃伊-zh-noun-Nlzsm9fF Categories (other): Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for 木乃伊 meaning in Chinese (10.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "مومیایی",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mummy; shilajit",
        "tr": "mômiyâyi, mumiyâyi"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian ⁧مومیایی⁩ (mômiyâyi, mumiyâyi, “mummy; shilajit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "مومنایی",
        "t": "shilajit",
        "tr": "mumenâyi"
      },
      "expansion": "⁧مومنایی⁩ (mumenâyi, “shilajit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "回回 田地 有 年 七 八十 歲 老人,自願 捨身 濟眾 者,絕 不 飲食,惟 澡 身 啖 蜜,經 月,便 溺 皆 蜜。既 死,國人 殮 以 石棺,仍 滿 用 蜜 浸,鐫志 歲月 於 棺蓋,瘞 之。俟 百 年 啟封,則 蜜 劑 也……俗 曰 蜜人,番 言 木乃伊。",
        "2": "There were men 70 to 80 years of age in Arabia (?) willing to give their bodies to save others. They never ate or drink, only bathed and partook of honey. After a month, their excrement (urine and faeces) consisted of honey only. After they died, their fellow men would place them in stone coffins full of honey in which they macerated. The year and month of deaths were engraved on the coffins and the coffins were buried. After a hundred years the coffins were reopened - a confection of honey had formed. Colloquially people called these \"mellified men\", in their native tongue \"munaiyi\".",
        "3": "CL",
        "collapsed": "y",
        "ref": "明‧陶宗儀《輟耕錄‧木乃伊》 (Tao Zongyi (Ming Dynasty), \"Chuogenglu - Record after retiring from plowing\", Chapter \"Mummies\")"
      },
      "expansion": "回回田地有年七八十歲老人,自願捨身濟眾者,絕不飲食,惟澡身啖蜜,經月,便溺皆蜜。既死,國人殮以石棺,仍滿用蜜浸,鐫志歲月於棺蓋,瘞之。俟百年啟封,則蜜劑也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]回回田地有年七八十岁老人,自愿舍身济众者,绝不饮食,惟澡身啖蜜,经月,便溺皆蜜。既死,国人殓以石棺,仍满用蜜浸,镌志岁月于棺盖,瘗之。俟百年启封,则蜜剂也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 明‧陶宗儀《輟耕錄‧木乃伊》 (Tao Zongyi (Ming Dynasty), \"Chuogenglu - Record after retiring from plowing\", Chapter \"Mummies\")\nHuíhuí tiándì yǒu nián qī bāshí suì lǎorén, zìyuàn shěshēn jìzhòng zhě, jué bù yǐnshí, wéi zǎo shēn dàn mì, jīng yuè, biàn nì jiē mì. Jì sǐ, guórén liàn yǐ shíguān, réng mǎn yòng mì jìn, juānzhì suìyuè yú guāngài, yì zhī. Sì bǎi nián qǐfēng, zé mì jì yě...... Sú yuē mìrén, fān yán mùnǎiyī. [Pinyin]\nThere were men 70 to 80 years of age in Arabia (?) willing to give their bodies to save others. They never ate or drink, only bathed and partook of honey. After a month, their excrement (urine and faeces) consisted of honey only. After they died, their fellow men would place them in stone coffins full of honey in which they macerated. The year and month of deaths were engraved on the coffins and the coffins were buried. After a hundred years the coffins were reopened - a confection of honey had formed. Colloquially people called these \"mellified men\", in their native tongue \"munaiyi\".",
      "name": "zh-x"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "木蜜納亦",
        "2": "",
        "3": "mummy"
      },
      "expansion": "木蜜納亦/木蜜纳亦 (mùmìnàyì, “mummy”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "木蜜亞依"
      },
      "expansion": "木蜜亞依/木蜜亚依 (mùmìyàyī)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "明淨詞典"
      },
      "expansion": "明淨詞典",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "木蜜亞"
      },
      "expansion": "木蜜亞/木蜜亚 (mùmìyà)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "地蠟"
      },
      "expansion": "地蠟/地蜡 (dìlà)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From an unidentified western language, presumably from some language in the Islamosphere. Compare Persian ⁧مومیایی⁩ (mômiyâyi, mumiyâyi, “mummy; shilajit”) and ⁧مومنایی⁩ (mumenâyi, “shilajit”). A Western traveller (Engelbert Kaempfer) also encountered the latter in Persia in the 1680s. Earliest attestation was in Ming Dynasty, see the following quote:\n回回田地有年七八十歲老人,自願捨身濟眾者,絕不飲食,惟澡身啖蜜,經月,便溺皆蜜。既死,國人殮以石棺,仍滿用蜜浸,鐫志歲月於棺蓋,瘞之。俟百年啟封,則蜜劑也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]回回田地有年七八十岁老人,自愿舍身济众者,绝不饮食,惟澡身啖蜜,经月,便溺皆蜜。既死,国人殓以石棺,仍满用蜜浸,镌志岁月于棺盖,瘗之。俟百年启封,则蜜剂也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 明‧陶宗儀《輟耕錄‧木乃伊》 (Tao Zongyi (Ming Dynasty), \"Chuogenglu - Record after retiring from plowing\", Chapter \"Mummies\")\nHuíhuí tiándì yǒu nián qī bāshí suì lǎorén, zìyuàn shěshēn jìzhòng zhě, jué bù yǐnshí, wéi zǎo shēn dàn mì, jīng yuè, biàn nì jiē mì. Jì sǐ, guórén liàn yǐ shíguān, réng mǎn yòng mì jìn, juānzhì suìyuè yú guāngài, yì zhī. Sì bǎi nián qǐfēng, zé mì jì yě...... Sú yuē mìrén, fān yán mùnǎiyī. [Pinyin]\nThere were men 70 to 80 years of age in Arabia (?) willing to give their bodies to save others. They never ate or drink, only bathed and partook of honey. After a month, their excrement (urine and faeces) consisted of honey only. After they died, their fellow men would place them in stone coffins full of honey in which they macerated. The year and month of deaths were engraved on the coffins and the coffins were buried. After a hundred years the coffins were reopened - a confection of honey had formed. Colloquially people called these \"mellified men\", in their native tongue \"munaiyi\".\nSee also \"Mellified men\" on Wikipedia. Other transliterations include:\n* 木蜜納亦/木蜜纳亦 (mùmìnàyì, “mummy”), attested in Huihui Yaofang (Islamic Formularies, ca. 14th century);\n* 木蜜亞依/木蜜亚依 (mùmìyàyī), attested in Mingjing Cidian (明淨詞典);\n* 木蜜亞/木蜜亚 (mùmìyà) (from Uyghur),\nall of which might have referred to Shilajit (地蠟/地蜡 (dìlà)) originally.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "木乃伊",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "木乃伊",
      "name": "zh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mummy (embalmed corpse)"
      ],
      "id": "en-木乃伊-zh-noun-Nlzsm9fF",
      "links": [
        [
          "mummy",
          "mummy"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Engelbert Kaempfer",
        "Mellified men",
        "Ming Dynasty",
        "Shilajit",
        "zh:回回藥方"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muk⁶ naai⁵ ji¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [],
      "zh-pron": "bo̍k-nái-i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mu⁴-nai³-i¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mù-nǎi-yī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muhnaei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "мунайи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "munaji"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "bopomofo",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mu⁴-nai³-i²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mù-nǎi-yí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muhnaeyi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "мунайи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "munaji"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muk⁶ naai⁵ ji¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muhk náaih yī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muk⁹ naai⁵ ji¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mug⁶ nai⁵ yi¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³ jiː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bo̍k-nái-i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bo̍k-nái-i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bognayy"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² nãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Min-Nan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³ jiː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² nãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "木乃伊"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "مومیایی",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mummy; shilajit",
        "tr": "mômiyâyi, mumiyâyi"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian ⁧مومیایی⁩ (mômiyâyi, mumiyâyi, “mummy; shilajit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "مومنایی",
        "t": "shilajit",
        "tr": "mumenâyi"
      },
      "expansion": "⁧مومنایی⁩ (mumenâyi, “shilajit”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "回回 田地 有 年 七 八十 歲 老人,自願 捨身 濟眾 者,絕 不 飲食,惟 澡 身 啖 蜜,經 月,便 溺 皆 蜜。既 死,國人 殮 以 石棺,仍 滿 用 蜜 浸,鐫志 歲月 於 棺蓋,瘞 之。俟 百 年 啟封,則 蜜 劑 也……俗 曰 蜜人,番 言 木乃伊。",
        "2": "There were men 70 to 80 years of age in Arabia (?) willing to give their bodies to save others. They never ate or drink, only bathed and partook of honey. After a month, their excrement (urine and faeces) consisted of honey only. After they died, their fellow men would place them in stone coffins full of honey in which they macerated. The year and month of deaths were engraved on the coffins and the coffins were buried. After a hundred years the coffins were reopened - a confection of honey had formed. Colloquially people called these \"mellified men\", in their native tongue \"munaiyi\".",
        "3": "CL",
        "collapsed": "y",
        "ref": "明‧陶宗儀《輟耕錄‧木乃伊》 (Tao Zongyi (Ming Dynasty), \"Chuogenglu - Record after retiring from plowing\", Chapter \"Mummies\")"
      },
      "expansion": "回回田地有年七八十歲老人,自願捨身濟眾者,絕不飲食,惟澡身啖蜜,經月,便溺皆蜜。既死,國人殮以石棺,仍滿用蜜浸,鐫志歲月於棺蓋,瘞之。俟百年啟封,則蜜劑也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]回回田地有年七八十岁老人,自愿舍身济众者,绝不饮食,惟澡身啖蜜,经月,便溺皆蜜。既死,国人殓以石棺,仍满用蜜浸,镌志岁月于棺盖,瘗之。俟百年启封,则蜜剂也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 明‧陶宗儀《輟耕錄‧木乃伊》 (Tao Zongyi (Ming Dynasty), \"Chuogenglu - Record after retiring from plowing\", Chapter \"Mummies\")\nHuíhuí tiándì yǒu nián qī bāshí suì lǎorén, zìyuàn shěshēn jìzhòng zhě, jué bù yǐnshí, wéi zǎo shēn dàn mì, jīng yuè, biàn nì jiē mì. Jì sǐ, guórén liàn yǐ shíguān, réng mǎn yòng mì jìn, juānzhì suìyuè yú guāngài, yì zhī. Sì bǎi nián qǐfēng, zé mì jì yě...... Sú yuē mìrén, fān yán mùnǎiyī. [Pinyin]\nThere were men 70 to 80 years of age in Arabia (?) willing to give their bodies to save others. They never ate or drink, only bathed and partook of honey. After a month, their excrement (urine and faeces) consisted of honey only. After they died, their fellow men would place them in stone coffins full of honey in which they macerated. The year and month of deaths were engraved on the coffins and the coffins were buried. After a hundred years the coffins were reopened - a confection of honey had formed. Colloquially people called these \"mellified men\", in their native tongue \"munaiyi\".",
      "name": "zh-x"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "木蜜納亦",
        "2": "",
        "3": "mummy"
      },
      "expansion": "木蜜納亦/木蜜纳亦 (mùmìnàyì, “mummy”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "木蜜亞依"
      },
      "expansion": "木蜜亞依/木蜜亚依 (mùmìyàyī)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "明淨詞典"
      },
      "expansion": "明淨詞典",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "木蜜亞"
      },
      "expansion": "木蜜亞/木蜜亚 (mùmìyà)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "地蠟"
      },
      "expansion": "地蠟/地蜡 (dìlà)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From an unidentified western language, presumably from some language in the Islamosphere. Compare Persian ⁧مومیایی⁩ (mômiyâyi, mumiyâyi, “mummy; shilajit”) and ⁧مومنایی⁩ (mumenâyi, “shilajit”). A Western traveller (Engelbert Kaempfer) also encountered the latter in Persia in the 1680s. Earliest attestation was in Ming Dynasty, see the following quote:\n回回田地有年七八十歲老人,自願捨身濟眾者,絕不飲食,惟澡身啖蜜,經月,便溺皆蜜。既死,國人殮以石棺,仍滿用蜜浸,鐫志歲月於棺蓋,瘞之。俟百年啟封,則蜜劑也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]回回田地有年七八十岁老人,自愿舍身济众者,绝不饮食,惟澡身啖蜜,经月,便溺皆蜜。既死,国人殓以石棺,仍满用蜜浸,镌志岁月于棺盖,瘗之。俟百年启封,则蜜剂也……俗曰蜜人,番言木乃伊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 明‧陶宗儀《輟耕錄‧木乃伊》 (Tao Zongyi (Ming Dynasty), \"Chuogenglu - Record after retiring from plowing\", Chapter \"Mummies\")\nHuíhuí tiándì yǒu nián qī bāshí suì lǎorén, zìyuàn shěshēn jìzhòng zhě, jué bù yǐnshí, wéi zǎo shēn dàn mì, jīng yuè, biàn nì jiē mì. Jì sǐ, guórén liàn yǐ shíguān, réng mǎn yòng mì jìn, juānzhì suìyuè yú guāngài, yì zhī. Sì bǎi nián qǐfēng, zé mì jì yě...... Sú yuē mìrén, fān yán mùnǎiyī. [Pinyin]\nThere were men 70 to 80 years of age in Arabia (?) willing to give their bodies to save others. They never ate or drink, only bathed and partook of honey. After a month, their excrement (urine and faeces) consisted of honey only. After they died, their fellow men would place them in stone coffins full of honey in which they macerated. The year and month of deaths were engraved on the coffins and the coffins were buried. After a hundred years the coffins were reopened - a confection of honey had formed. Colloquially people called these \"mellified men\", in their native tongue \"munaiyi\".\nSee also \"Mellified men\" on Wikipedia. Other transliterations include:\n* 木蜜納亦/木蜜纳亦 (mùmìnàyì, “mummy”), attested in Huihui Yaofang (Islamic Formularies, ca. 14th century);\n* 木蜜亞依/木蜜亚依 (mùmìyàyī), attested in Mingjing Cidian (明淨詞典);\n* 木蜜亞/木蜜亚 (mùmìyà) (from Uyghur),\nall of which might have referred to Shilajit (地蠟/地蜡 (dìlà)) originally.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "木乃伊",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "木乃伊",
      "name": "zh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns",
        "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
        "Min Nan lemmas",
        "Min Nan nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mummy (embalmed corpse)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mummy",
          "mummy"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Engelbert Kaempfer",
        "Mellified men",
        "Ming Dynasty",
        "Shilajit",
        "zh:回回藥方"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muk⁶ naai⁵ ji¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [],
      "zh-pron": "bo̍k-nái-i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mu⁴-nai³-i¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mù-nǎi-yī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muhnaei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "мунайи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "munaji"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "bopomofo",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄧˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùnǎiyí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mu⁴-nai³-i²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mù-nǎi-yí"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muhnaeyi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "мунайи"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "munaji"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muk⁶ naai⁵ ji¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muhk náaih yī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "muk⁹ naai⁵ ji¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mug⁶ nai⁵ yi¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³ jiː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bo̍k-nái-i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bo̍k-nái-i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bognayy"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² nãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Min-Nan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ i³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³ jiː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚²⁴⁻² nãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɔk̚⁴⁻³² nãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "木乃伊"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.