"昨" meaning in Chinese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Character

IPA: /t͡su̯ɔ³⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sɔːk̚³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sɔːk̚²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /soʔ⁵/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sɔk̚²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /t͡sɔk̚⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /t͡soʔ²⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /t͡sɤʔ⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /t͡soʔ¹²¹/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /t͡soʔ⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei, Xiamen], /t͡sa²²/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /t͡sa²²/ [Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou], /t͡sa³³/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung, Taipei], /t͡sa⁵²/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /t͡su̯ɔ³⁵/, /t͡sɔːk̚³/, /t͡sɔːk̚²/, /soʔ⁵/, /t͡sɔk̚²⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/, /t͡soʔ²⁴/, /t͡sɤʔ⁴/, /t͡soʔ¹²¹/, /t͡soʔ⁴/, /t͡sa²²/, /t͡sa²²/, /t͡sa³³/, /t͡sa⁵²/, /zoʔ¹²/, /zo²³/ Chinese transliterations: zuó [Mandarin, Pinyin], zuo² [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄗㄨㄛˊ [Mandarin, bopomofo], zok³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], zok⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], sŏ̤h, cho̍k [Hokkien, POJ], cho̍h [Hokkien, POJ], chǎ [Hokkien, POJ], chā [Hokkien, POJ], za² [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁸zoq; ⁶zo, zuó [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], zuó [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], tso² [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], dzwó [Mandarin, Yale], tzwo [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], цзо [Mandarin, Palladius], czo [Mandarin, Palladius], jok [Cantonese, Yale], johk [Cantonese, Yale], dzok⁸ [Cantonese, Pinyin], dzok⁹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], zog³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], zog⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], sŏ̤h [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], tso̍k [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zok [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tso̍h [Hokkien, Tai-lo], zoih [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tsǎ [Hokkien, Tai-lo], tsā [Hokkien, Tai-lo], za [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tsá [POJ, Teochew], ⁸zoq; ⁶zo [Wu], zoh^入; zo^去 [Wu], ⁵zoq; ³zo [Wu], /zoʔ¹²/ [Wu], /zo²³/ [Wu], dzak [Middle-Chinese], /*[dz]ˤak/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*zaːɡ/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Etymology: Related to 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ, “the past”) (Sagart, 1999). Etymology templates: {{och-l|昔|the past}} 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ, “the past”), {{zh-ref|Sagart, 1999}} Sagart, 1999 Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 昨
  1. ^⁜ yesterday
    Sense id: en-昨-zh-character-HiOYCOUX
  2. ^⁜ in former times; past
    Sense id: en-昨-zh-character-683tinT5 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 1 79 20
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Derived forms: 一昨 (yīzuó), 今是昨非, 昨來, 昨来, 昨兒 (zuór), 昨儿 (zuór), 昨前, 昨夜 (zuóyè), 昨天 (zuótiān), 昨日 (zuórì), 昨昏 (cha-hng) [Hokkien], 昨晚 (zuówǎn), 昨暝, 昨非今是

Character

IPA: /t͡saŋ³⁵/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung, Taipei], /t͡saŋ³⁵/ Chinese transliterations: chăng, chăng [Hokkien, POJ], tsa̋ng [Hokkien, Tai-lo]
Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 昨
  1. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Contraction of 昨昏 (cha-hng, “yesterday”). Tags: Taiwanese-Hokkien, abbreviation, alt-of, contraction Alternative form of: 昨昏 (extra: cha-hng, “yesterday”)
    Sense id: en-昨-zh-character-UFdYIyn4 Categories (other): Taiwanese Hokkien
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for 昨 meaning in Chinese (6.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yīzuó",
      "word": "一昨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "今是昨非"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "昨來"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "昨来"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zuór",
      "word": "昨兒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zuór",
      "word": "昨儿"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "昨前"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zuóyè",
      "word": "昨夜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zuótiān",
      "word": "昨天"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zuórì",
      "word": "昨日"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cha-hng",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "昨昏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zuówǎn",
      "word": "昨晚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "昨暝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "昨非今是"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "昔",
        "2": "the past"
      },
      "expansion": "昔 (OC *sjaːɡ, “the past”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Sagart, 1999"
      },
      "expansion": "Sagart, 1999",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Related to 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ, “the past”) (Sagart, 1999).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "昨",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "^⁜ yesterday"
      ],
      "id": "en-昨-zh-character-HiOYCOUX",
      "links": [
        [
          "yesterday",
          "yesterday"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 79 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "^⁜ in former times; past"
      ],
      "id": "en-昨-zh-character-683tinT5",
      "links": [
        [
          "former",
          "former"
        ],
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ],
        [
          "past",
          "past"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zuó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zuo²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄗㄨㄛˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zok³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zok⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "sŏ̤h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cho̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "za²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁸zoq; ⁶zo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zuó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zuó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tso²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzwó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tzwo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзо"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡su̯ɔ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jok"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "johk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzok⁸"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzok⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zog³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zog⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔːk̚³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔːk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sŏ̤h"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/soʔ⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tso̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zok"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tso̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoih"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɤʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsǎ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "za"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsá"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁸zoq; ⁶zo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoh^入; zo^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵zoq; ³zo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/zoʔ¹²/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/zo²³/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzak"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[dz]ˤak/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*zaːɡ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ cho̍h /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡su̯ɔ³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔːk̚³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔːk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/soʔ⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɤʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa³³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/chǎ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/zoʔ¹²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/zo²³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[dz]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*zaːɡ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "昨"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "昨",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "cha-hng, “yesterday”",
          "word": "昨昏"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Taiwanese Hokkien",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Beauty and youthfulness are just like yesterday",
          "ref": "2009, 詹雅雯 (lyrics and music), “姨仔”performed by 詹雅雯",
          "text": "美麗青春親像昨 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]\n美丽青春亲像昨 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]\nbí-lē chheng-chhun chhin-chhiūⁿ chăng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Yesterday’s hope becomes despair",
          "ref": "2020, “送你到這”, 比佛利 (lyrics), 楊彩藝 (music)performed by 潘佩莉",
          "text": "昨的央望變絕望 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]\n昨的央望变绝望 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]\nchăng ê ǹg-bāng piàn choa̍t-bāng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Contraction of 昨昏 (cha-hng, “yesterday”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-昨-zh-character-UFdYIyn4",
      "links": [
        [
          "昨昏",
          "昨昏#Hokkien"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Taiwanese Hokkien) Contraction of 昨昏 (cha-hng, “yesterday”)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Taiwanese-Hokkien",
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "contraction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "zh-pron": "chăng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chăng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsa̋ng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡saŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡saŋ³⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "昨"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Eastern Min adjectives",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese lemmas"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "yīzuó",
      "word": "一昨"
    },
    {
      "word": "今是昨非"
    },
    {
      "word": "昨來"
    },
    {
      "word": "昨来"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuór",
      "word": "昨兒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuór",
      "word": "昨儿"
    },
    {
      "word": "昨前"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuóyè",
      "word": "昨夜"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuótiān",
      "word": "昨天"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuórì",
      "word": "昨日"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cha-hng",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "昨昏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuówǎn",
      "word": "昨晚"
    },
    {
      "word": "昨暝"
    },
    {
      "word": "昨非今是"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "昔",
        "2": "the past"
      },
      "expansion": "昔 (OC *sjaːɡ, “the past”)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Sagart, 1999"
      },
      "expansion": "Sagart, 1999",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Related to 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ, “the past”) (Sagart, 1999).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "昨",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "^⁜ yesterday"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "yesterday",
          "yesterday"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "^⁜ in former times; past"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "former",
          "former"
        ],
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ],
        [
          "past",
          "past"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zuó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zuo²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄗㄨㄛˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zok³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zok⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "sŏ̤h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cho̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "cho̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "za²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁸zoq; ⁶zo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zuó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zuó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tso²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzwó"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tzwo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "цзо"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "czo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡su̯ɔ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jok"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "johk"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzok⁸"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzok⁹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zog³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zog⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔːk̚³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔːk̚²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sŏ̤h"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/soʔ⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tso̍k"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zok"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tso̍h"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoih"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɤʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ¹²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsǎ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "za"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsá"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁸zoq; ⁶zo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zoh^入; zo^去"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁵zoq; ³zo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/zoʔ¹²/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/zo²³/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzak"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*[dz]ˤak/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*zaːɡ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ cho̍h /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡su̯ɔ³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔːk̚³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔːk̚²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/soʔ⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɔk̚⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɤʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ¹²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soʔ⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa³³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/chǎ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sa⁵²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/zoʔ¹²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/zo²³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "[dz]"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*zaːɡ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "昨"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "昨",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "cha-hng, “yesterday”",
          "word": "昨昏"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Hokkien contractions",
        "Hokkien terms with quotations",
        "Taiwanese Hokkien"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Beauty and youthfulness are just like yesterday",
          "ref": "2009, 詹雅雯 (lyrics and music), “姨仔”performed by 詹雅雯",
          "text": "美麗青春親像昨 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]\n美丽青春亲像昨 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]\nbí-lē chheng-chhun chhin-chhiūⁿ chăng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Yesterday’s hope becomes despair",
          "ref": "2020, “送你到這”, 比佛利 (lyrics), 楊彩藝 (music)performed by 潘佩莉",
          "text": "昨的央望變絕望 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]\n昨的央望变绝望 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]\nchăng ê ǹg-bāng piàn choa̍t-bāng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Contraction of 昨昏 (cha-hng, “yesterday”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "昨昏",
          "昨昏#Hokkien"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Taiwanese Hokkien) Contraction of 昨昏 (cha-hng, “yesterday”)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Taiwanese-Hokkien",
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of",
        "contraction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "zh-pron": "chăng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chăng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tsa̋ng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡saŋ³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡saŋ³⁵/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "昨"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "昨"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": "started on line 64, detected on line 74"
}

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  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "昨"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

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  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "昨"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
  "path": [
    "昨"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "昨"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
  "path": [
    "昨"
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "昨"
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "昨"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

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  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "昨"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "昨"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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  "path": [
    "昨"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

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  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
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  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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    "昨"
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  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
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  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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  "path": [
    "昨"
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
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{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "昨",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.