See 文明化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "文明化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to civilise"
],
"id": "en-文明化-zh-verb-SJwh5bnY",
"links": [
[
"civilise",
"civilise"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúnmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wên²-ming²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wén-míng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wenminghuah"
},
{
"roman": "vɛnʹminxua",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "вэньминхуа"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "màhn mìhng fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "men⁴ ming⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "文明化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "文明化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"civilisation (act or process of civilising or becoming civilised)"
],
"id": "en-文明化-zh-noun-grTq6UN6",
"links": [
[
"civilisation",
"civilisation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúnmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wên²-ming²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wén-míng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wenminghuah"
},
{
"roman": "vɛnʹminxua",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "вэньминхуа"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "màhn mìhng fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "men⁴ ming⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "文明化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 文",
"Chinese terms spelled with 明",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "文明化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to civilise"
],
"links": [
[
"civilise",
"civilise"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúnmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wên²-ming²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wén-míng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wenminghuah"
},
{
"roman": "vɛnʹminxua",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "вэньминхуа"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "màhn mìhng fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "men⁴ ming⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "文明化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 文",
"Chinese terms spelled with 明",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "文明化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"civilisation (act or process of civilising or becoming civilised)"
],
"links": [
[
"civilisation",
"civilisation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "wúnmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "wên²-ming²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "wén-míng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "wenminghuah"
},
{
"roman": "vɛnʹminxua",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "вэньминхуа"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "màhn mìhng fa"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "men⁴ ming⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "文明化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 文明化 meaning in Chinese (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.