See 文明化 on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "文明化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to civilise"
],
"id": "en-文明化-zh-verb-SJwh5bnY",
"links": [
[
"civilise",
"civilise"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wúnmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wên²-ming²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wén-míng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wenminghuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "вэньминхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "vɛnʹminxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn mìhng fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴ ming⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/"
}
],
"word": "文明化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "文明化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"civilisation (act or process of civilising or becoming civilised)"
],
"id": "en-文明化-zh-noun-grTq6UN6",
"links": [
[
"civilisation",
"civilisation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wúnmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wên²-ming²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wén-míng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wenminghuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "вэньминхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "vɛnʹminxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn mìhng fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴ ming⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/"
}
],
"word": "文明化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 文",
"Chinese terms spelled with 明",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "文明化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to civilise"
],
"links": [
[
"civilise",
"civilise"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wúnmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wên²-ming²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wén-míng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wenminghuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "вэньминхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "vɛnʹminxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn mìhng fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴ ming⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/"
}
],
"word": "文明化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 文",
"Chinese terms spelled with 明",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "文明化",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"civilisation (act or process of civilising or becoming civilised)"
],
"links": [
[
"civilisation",
"civilisation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wénmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄨㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wúnmínghuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wên²-ming²-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wén-míng-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "wenminghuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "вэньминхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "vɛnʹminxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "màhn mìhng fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "man⁴ ming⁴ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "men⁴ ming⁴ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wən³⁵ miŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐn²¹ mɪŋ²¹ faː³³/"
}
],
"word": "文明化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 文明化 meaning in All languages combined (3.8kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"文明化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "文明化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (8b3c49c and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.