"天花" meaning in Chinese

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "亂墜天花"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "乱坠天花"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "口墜天花"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "口坠天花"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tiānhuāluànzhuì",
      "word": "天花亂墜"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tiānhuāluànzhuì",
      "word": "天花乱坠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "天花墜地"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "天花坠地"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tiānhuābǎn",
      "word": "天花板"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "天花枋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tiānhuāfěn",
      "word": "天花粉"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "天花"
          },
          "expansion": "天花",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "天花",
            "2": "てんか",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "天花(てんか) (tenka)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "천화(天花)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 천화(天花) (cheonhwa)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "thiên hoa",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "天花"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "天花",
            "2": "てんか",
            "3": "천화",
            "4": "thiên hoa",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "天花",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "天花",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "天花",
            "v": "天花",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天花):\n* → Japanese: 天花(てんか) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 천화(天花) (cheonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "てんか",
            "3": "천화",
            "4": "thiên hoa"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天花):\n* → Japanese: 天花(てんか) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 천화(天花) (cheonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (天花):\n* → Japanese: 天花(てんか) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 천화(天花) (cheonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "pi",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pali",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "खपुष्प",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flower in the sky"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit खपुष्प (khapuṣpa, “flower in the sky”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दिव्यपुष्प",
        "3": "",
        "4": "oleander 􂀿heaven-flower􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit दिव्यपुष्प (divyapuṣpa, “oleander [heaven-flower]”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pi",
        "2": "devapuppha"
      },
      "expansion": "Pali devapuppha",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "confederate rose"
      },
      "expansion": "confederate rose",
      "name": "vern"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शालपुष्प",
        "3": "",
        "4": "confederate rose 􂀿house-flower􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शालपुष्प (śālapuṣpa, “confederate rose [house-flower]”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "ལྷ་འབྲུམ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "smallpox 􂀿deva-pustule􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan ལྷ་འབྲུམ (lha 'brum, “smallpox [deva-pustule]”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ\nᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ (salkin čečeg)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Originally the Chinese translation of several Sanskrit and Pali words, including Sanskrit खपुष्प (khapuṣpa, “flower in the sky”), as well as several plant names, such as Sanskrit दिव्यपुष्प (divyapuṣpa, “oleander [heaven-flower]”) / Pali devapuppha, and Sanskrit शालपुष्प (śālapuṣpa, “confederate rose [house-flower]”).\nThe development from “heaven-flower” (or other interpretations of the combination) to “smallpox” is unknown. It may be due to the shape resemblance of smallpox pustules to the divine flowers in Buddhism. Compare Tibetan ལྷ་འབྲུམ (lha 'brum, “smallpox [deva-pustule]”), མེ་ཏོག (me tog, “flower; (dialectal) smallpox”), and Mongolian ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ\nᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ (salkin čečeg) / салхин цэцэг (salxin ceceg, “smallpox; chickenpox [wind-flower]”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "天花",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "heaven flower",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Buddhism",
          "orig": "zh:Buddhism",
          "parents": [
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 6 20 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 4 14 27 1 2 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 3 18 31 1 1 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "flower of the sky; divine flower, stated in the Lotus Sutra as of four kinds, two white and two red"
      ],
      "id": "en-天花-zh-noun-6WOj1-8t",
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "flower",
          "flower"
        ],
        [
          "sky",
          "sky"
        ],
        [
          "divine",
          "divine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) flower of the sky; divine flower, stated in the Lotus Sutra as of four kinds, two white and two red"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "sense": "flower of the sky",
          "word": "天華"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "sense": "flower of the sky",
          "word": "天华"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "sense": "flower of the sky",
          "word": "空華"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0",
          "sense": "flower of the sky",
          "word": "空华"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "snowflake; snow"
      ],
      "id": "en-天花-zh-noun-U8qvptI3",
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "snowflake",
          "snowflake"
        ],
        [
          "snow",
          "snow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, poetic) snowflake; snow"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Diseases",
          "orig": "zh:Diseases",
          "parents": [
            "Disease",
            "Health",
            "Body",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "smallpox; variola"
      ],
      "id": "en-天花-zh-noun-f8Z0ClHl",
      "links": [
        [
          "pathology",
          "pathology"
        ],
        [
          "smallpox",
          "smallpox"
        ],
        [
          "variola",
          "variola"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pathology) smallpox; variola"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
          "roman": "tiānrándòu",
          "sense": "smallpox",
          "word": "天然痘"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
          "roman": "dòuchuāng",
          "sense": "smallpox",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese-Medicine"
          ],
          "word": "痘瘡"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
          "roman": "dòuchuāng",
          "sense": "smallpox",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese-Medicine"
          ],
          "word": "痘疮"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "pathology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "tiānhuābǎn, “ceiling”",
          "word": "天花板"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for 天花板 (tiānhuābǎn, “ceiling”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-天花-zh-noun-fwy0CqtT",
      "links": [
        [
          "天花板",
          "天花板#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "ceiling",
          "ceiling"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiānhuā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄚ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tin¹ faa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thiên-fâ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiên¹ fa¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "tiĕng-huă"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thian-hoa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thian-hoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiang¹ huê¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹thi-ho"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiānhuā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tianhua"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tʻien¹-hua¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tyān-hwā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tianhua"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "тяньхуа"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tjanʹxua"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiānhuār"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tianhuar"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tʻien¹-hua¹-ʼrh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tyān-hwār"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tianhual"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "тяньхуар"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tjanʹxuar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tīn fā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tin¹ faa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tin¹ fa¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thiên-fâ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tien^ˊ fa^ˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tian¹ fa¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴ fa⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiĕng-huă"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thian-hua"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tienhoaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ hua³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thian-hue"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tienhoef"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thiang hue"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ hue³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹thi-ho"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thi^平 ho"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ho²¹/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "then xwae"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴ fa⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ hua³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ hue³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ho²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "xuěhuā",
      "word": "雪花"
    }
  ],
  "word": "天花"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms derived from Pali",
    "Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 天",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 花",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Middle Chinese nouns",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "亂墜天花"
    },
    {
      "word": "乱坠天花"
    },
    {
      "word": "口墜天花"
    },
    {
      "word": "口坠天花"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tiānhuāluànzhuì",
      "word": "天花亂墜"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tiānhuāluànzhuì",
      "word": "天花乱坠"
    },
    {
      "word": "天花墜地"
    },
    {
      "word": "天花坠地"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tiānhuābǎn",
      "word": "天花板"
    },
    {
      "word": "天花枋"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tiānhuāfěn",
      "word": "天花粉"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "天花"
          },
          "expansion": "天花",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "天花",
            "2": "てんか",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "天花(てんか) (tenka)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "천화(天花)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 천화(天花) (cheonhwa)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "thiên hoa",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "天花"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "天花",
            "2": "てんか",
            "3": "천화",
            "4": "thiên hoa",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "天花",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "天花",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "天花",
            "v": "天花",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天花):\n* → Japanese: 天花(てんか) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 천화(天花) (cheonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "てんか",
            "3": "천화",
            "4": "thiên hoa"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (天花):\n* → Japanese: 天花(てんか) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 천화(天花) (cheonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (天花):\n* → Japanese: 天花(てんか) (tenka)\n* → Korean: 천화(天花) (cheonhwa)\n* → Vietnamese: thiên hoa (天花)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "pi",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pali",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "खपुष्प",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flower in the sky"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit खपुष्प (khapuṣpa, “flower in the sky”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "दिव्यपुष्प",
        "3": "",
        "4": "oleander 􂀿heaven-flower􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit दिव्यपुष्प (divyapuṣpa, “oleander [heaven-flower]”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pi",
        "2": "devapuppha"
      },
      "expansion": "Pali devapuppha",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "confederate rose"
      },
      "expansion": "confederate rose",
      "name": "vern"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शालपुष्प",
        "3": "",
        "4": "confederate rose 􂀿house-flower􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शालपुष्प (śālapuṣpa, “confederate rose [house-flower]”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "ལྷ་འབྲུམ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "smallpox 􂀿deva-pustule􂁀"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan ལྷ་འབྲུམ (lha 'brum, “smallpox [deva-pustule]”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ\nᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ (salkin čečeg)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Originally the Chinese translation of several Sanskrit and Pali words, including Sanskrit खपुष्प (khapuṣpa, “flower in the sky”), as well as several plant names, such as Sanskrit दिव्यपुष्प (divyapuṣpa, “oleander [heaven-flower]”) / Pali devapuppha, and Sanskrit शालपुष्प (śālapuṣpa, “confederate rose [house-flower]”).\nThe development from “heaven-flower” (or other interpretations of the combination) to “smallpox” is unknown. It may be due to the shape resemblance of smallpox pustules to the divine flowers in Buddhism. Compare Tibetan ལྷ་འབྲུམ (lha 'brum, “smallpox [deva-pustule]”), མེ་ཏོག (me tog, “flower; (dialectal) smallpox”), and Mongolian ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ\nᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ (salkin čečeg) / салхин цэцэг (salxin ceceg, “smallpox; chickenpox [wind-flower]”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "天花",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "heaven flower",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Buddhism"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "flower of the sky; divine flower, stated in the Lotus Sutra as of four kinds, two white and two red"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "flower",
          "flower"
        ],
        [
          "sky",
          "sky"
        ],
        [
          "divine",
          "divine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) flower of the sky; divine flower, stated in the Lotus Sutra as of four kinds, two white and two red"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese literary terms",
        "Chinese poetic terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "snowflake; snow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "snowflake",
          "snowflake"
        ],
        [
          "snow",
          "snow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, poetic) snowflake; snow"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Diseases"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "smallpox; variola"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pathology",
          "pathology"
        ],
        [
          "smallpox",
          "smallpox"
        ],
        [
          "variola",
          "variola"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pathology) smallpox; variola"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "pathology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "tiānhuābǎn, “ceiling”",
          "word": "天花板"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Chinese short forms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Short for 天花板 (tiānhuābǎn, “ceiling”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "天花板",
          "天花板#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "ceiling",
          "ceiling"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "alt-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiānhuā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄚ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tin¹ faa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thiên-fâ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiên¹ fa¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "tiĕng-huă"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thian-hoa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thian-hoe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiang¹ huê¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹thi-ho"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiānhuā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tianhua"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tʻien¹-hua¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tyān-hwā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tianhua"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "тяньхуа"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tjanʹxua"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiānhuār"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tianhuar"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tʻien¹-hua¹-ʼrh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tyān-hwār"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tianhual"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "тяньхуар"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tjanʹxuar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tīn fā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tin¹ faa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tin¹ fa¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thiên-fâ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tien^ˊ fa^ˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tian¹ fa¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴ fa⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiĕng-huă"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thian-hua"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tienhoaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ hua³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thian-hue"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tienhoef"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thiang hue"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ hue³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹thi-ho"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thi^平 ho"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ho²¹/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "then xwae"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiːn⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴ fa⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn³³ hua³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ hue³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰi⁵⁵ ho²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "flower of the sky",
      "word": "天華"
    },
    {
      "sense": "flower of the sky",
      "word": "天华"
    },
    {
      "sense": "flower of the sky",
      "word": "空華"
    },
    {
      "sense": "flower of the sky",
      "word": "空华"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xuěhuā",
      "word": "雪花"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tiānrándòu",
      "sense": "smallpox",
      "word": "天然痘"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dòuchuāng",
      "sense": "smallpox",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese-Medicine"
      ],
      "word": "痘瘡"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dòuchuāng",
      "sense": "smallpox",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese-Medicine"
      ],
      "word": "痘疮"
    }
  ],
  "word": "天花"
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "linkages/371",
  "msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (snowflake): 雪花 (xuěhuā) desc=snowflake rest=雪花 (xuěhuā) cls=romanization cls2=other e1=True e2=False",
  "path": [
    "天花"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "天花",
  "trace": ""
}