See 塹 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "地塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "地堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "坑塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "坑堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "塹坑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "堑坑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qiànháo",
"word": "塹壕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qiànháo",
"word": "堑壕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "壕塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "壕堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "壘塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "垒堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tiānqiàn",
"word": "天塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tiānqiàn",
"word": "天堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "欲塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "欲堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "溝塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "沟堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Zhúqiàn",
"word": "竹塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Zhúqiàn",
"word": "竹堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "長江天塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "长江天堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Mǎqiàn",
"word": "馬塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Mǎqiàn",
"word": "马堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "高城深塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "高城深堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "高壁深塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "高壁深堑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gāolěishēnqiàn",
"word": "高壘深塹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gāolěishēnqiàn",
"word": "高垒深堑"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *sʰams"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "斬",
"2": "土",
"c1": "p",
"c2": "s",
"ls": "psc",
"t2": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "堑",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "塹",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat"
],
"id": "en-塹-zh-character-ca55KA7u",
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"trench",
"trench"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"moat",
"moat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A natural barrier"
],
"id": "en-塹-zh-character-4k7FUyk8",
"links": [
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 25 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 12 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Chinese hanzi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 24 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 24 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rift valley"
],
"id": "en-塹-zh-character-haMjrz5M",
"links": [
[
"rift valley",
"rift valley"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "qian⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cim³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ciàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chyàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chiann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "cjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cim³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chim"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsim³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "qim³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiːm³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "tshjemH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[tsʰ]am-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*sʰams/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiːm³³/"
},
{
"other": "[tsʰ]"
},
{
"other": "/*sʰams/"
}
],
"word": "塹"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese hanzi",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 塹",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Middle Chinese hanzi",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese hanzi",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh-pron usage missing POS"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "地塹"
},
{
"word": "地堑"
},
{
"word": "坑塹"
},
{
"word": "坑堑"
},
{
"word": "塹坑"
},
{
"word": "堑坑"
},
{
"roman": "qiànháo",
"word": "塹壕"
},
{
"roman": "qiànháo",
"word": "堑壕"
},
{
"word": "壕塹"
},
{
"word": "壕堑"
},
{
"word": "壘塹"
},
{
"word": "垒堑"
},
{
"roman": "tiānqiàn",
"word": "天塹"
},
{
"roman": "tiānqiàn",
"word": "天堑"
},
{
"word": "欲塹"
},
{
"word": "欲堑"
},
{
"word": "溝塹"
},
{
"word": "沟堑"
},
{
"roman": "Zhúqiàn",
"word": "竹塹"
},
{
"roman": "Zhúqiàn",
"word": "竹堑"
},
{
"word": "長江天塹"
},
{
"word": "长江天堑"
},
{
"roman": "Mǎqiàn",
"word": "馬塹"
},
{
"roman": "Mǎqiàn",
"word": "马堑"
},
{
"word": "高城深塹"
},
{
"word": "高城深堑"
},
{
"word": "高壁深塹"
},
{
"word": "高壁深堑"
},
{
"roman": "gāolěishēnqiàn",
"word": "高壘深塹"
},
{
"roman": "gāolěishēnqiàn",
"word": "高垒深堑"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *sʰams"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "斬",
"2": "土",
"c1": "p",
"c2": "s",
"ls": "psc",
"t2": "earth"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "堑",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "塹",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat"
],
"links": [
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"trench",
"trench"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"moat",
"moat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A natural barrier"
],
"links": [
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A rift valley"
],
"links": [
[
"rift valley",
"rift valley"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "qian⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄑㄧㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cim³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "qiàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ciàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻien⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chyàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chiann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "cjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "cim³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chim"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tsim³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "qim³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiːm³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "tshjemH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[tsʰ]am-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*sʰams/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiːm³³/"
},
{
"other": "[tsʰ]"
},
{
"other": "/*sʰams/"
}
],
"word": "塹"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 塹 meaning in Chinese (3.9kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"塹"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "塹/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 塹\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"zh-pron usage missing POS\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"地塹\"}, {\"word\": \"地堑\"}, {\"word\": \"坑塹\"}, {\"word\": \"坑堑\"}, {\"word\": \"塹坑\"}, {\"word\": \"堑坑\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"塹壕\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"堑壕\"}, {\"word\": \"壕塹\"}, {\"word\": \"壕堑\"}, {\"word\": \"壘塹\"}, {\"word\": \"垒堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天堑\"}, {\"word\": \"欲塹\"}, {\"word\": \"欲堑\"}, {\"word\": \"溝塹\"}, {\"word\": \"沟堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹堑\"}, {\"word\": \"長江天塹\"}, {\"word\": \"长江天堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"馬塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"马堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高壘深塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高垒深堑\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"\", \"pron\": \"OC *sʰams\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"斬\", \"2\": \"土\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"t2\": \"earth\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"堑\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"塹\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat\"], \"links\": [[\"deep\", \"deep\"], [\"pit\", \"pit\"], [\"trench\", \"trench\"], [\"especially\", \"especially\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"moat\", \"moat\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A natural barrier\"], \"links\": [[\"natural\", \"natural\"], [\"barrier\", \"barrier\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A rift valley\"], \"links\": [[\"rift valley\", \"rift valley\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qian⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄑㄧㄢˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chʻien⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chyàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiann\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цянь\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cjanʹ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chim\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qim³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshjemH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[tsʰ]am-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sʰams/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\"}, {\"other\": \"[tsʰ]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sʰams/\"}], \"word\": \"塹\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "character",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "塹/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 塹\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"zh-pron usage missing POS\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"地塹\"}, {\"word\": \"地堑\"}, {\"word\": \"坑塹\"}, {\"word\": \"坑堑\"}, {\"word\": \"塹坑\"}, {\"word\": \"堑坑\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"塹壕\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"堑壕\"}, {\"word\": \"壕塹\"}, {\"word\": \"壕堑\"}, {\"word\": \"壘塹\"}, {\"word\": \"垒堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天堑\"}, {\"word\": \"欲塹\"}, {\"word\": \"欲堑\"}, {\"word\": \"溝塹\"}, {\"word\": \"沟堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹堑\"}, {\"word\": \"長江天塹\"}, {\"word\": \"长江天堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"馬塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"马堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高壘深塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高垒深堑\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"\", \"pron\": \"OC *sʰams\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"斬\", \"2\": \"土\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"t2\": \"earth\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"堑\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"塹\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat\"], \"links\": [[\"deep\", \"deep\"], [\"pit\", \"pit\"], [\"trench\", \"trench\"], [\"especially\", \"especially\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"moat\", \"moat\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A natural barrier\"], \"links\": [[\"natural\", \"natural\"], [\"barrier\", \"barrier\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A rift valley\"], \"links\": [[\"rift valley\", \"rift valley\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qian⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄑㄧㄢˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chʻien⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chyàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiann\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цянь\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cjanʹ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chim\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qim³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshjemH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[tsʰ]am-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sʰams/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\"}, {\"other\": \"[tsʰ]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sʰams/\"}], \"word\": \"塹\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "character",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "塹/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 塹\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"zh-pron usage missing POS\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"地塹\"}, {\"word\": \"地堑\"}, {\"word\": \"坑塹\"}, {\"word\": \"坑堑\"}, {\"word\": \"塹坑\"}, {\"word\": \"堑坑\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"塹壕\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"堑壕\"}, {\"word\": \"壕塹\"}, {\"word\": \"壕堑\"}, {\"word\": \"壘塹\"}, {\"word\": \"垒堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天堑\"}, {\"word\": \"欲塹\"}, {\"word\": \"欲堑\"}, {\"word\": \"溝塹\"}, {\"word\": \"沟堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹堑\"}, {\"word\": \"長江天塹\"}, {\"word\": \"长江天堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"馬塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"马堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高壘深塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高垒深堑\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"\", \"pron\": \"OC *sʰams\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"斬\", \"2\": \"土\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"t2\": \"earth\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"堑\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"塹\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat\"], \"links\": [[\"deep\", \"deep\"], [\"pit\", \"pit\"], [\"trench\", \"trench\"], [\"especially\", \"especially\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"moat\", \"moat\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A natural barrier\"], \"links\": [[\"natural\", \"natural\"], [\"barrier\", \"barrier\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A rift valley\"], \"links\": [[\"rift valley\", \"rift valley\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qian⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄑㄧㄢˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chʻien⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chyàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiann\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цянь\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cjanʹ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chim\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qim³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshjemH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[tsʰ]am-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sʰams/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\"}, {\"other\": \"[tsʰ]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sʰams/\"}], \"word\": \"塹\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "character",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "塹/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 塹\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"zh-pron usage missing POS\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"地塹\"}, {\"word\": \"地堑\"}, {\"word\": \"坑塹\"}, {\"word\": \"坑堑\"}, {\"word\": \"塹坑\"}, {\"word\": \"堑坑\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"塹壕\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"堑壕\"}, {\"word\": \"壕塹\"}, {\"word\": \"壕堑\"}, {\"word\": \"壘塹\"}, {\"word\": \"垒堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天堑\"}, {\"word\": \"欲塹\"}, {\"word\": \"欲堑\"}, {\"word\": \"溝塹\"}, {\"word\": \"沟堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹堑\"}, {\"word\": \"長江天塹\"}, {\"word\": \"长江天堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"馬塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"马堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高壘深塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高垒深堑\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"\", \"pron\": \"OC *sʰams\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"斬\", \"2\": \"土\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"t2\": \"earth\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"堑\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"塹\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat\"], \"links\": [[\"deep\", \"deep\"], [\"pit\", \"pit\"], [\"trench\", \"trench\"], [\"especially\", \"especially\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"moat\", \"moat\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A natural barrier\"], \"links\": [[\"natural\", \"natural\"], [\"barrier\", \"barrier\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A rift valley\"], \"links\": [[\"rift valley\", \"rift valley\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qian⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄑㄧㄢˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chʻien⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chyàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiann\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цянь\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cjanʹ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chim\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qim³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshjemH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[tsʰ]am-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sʰams/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\"}, {\"other\": \"[tsʰ]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sʰams/\"}], \"word\": \"塹\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "character",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "塹/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 塹\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"zh-pron usage missing POS\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"地塹\"}, {\"word\": \"地堑\"}, {\"word\": \"坑塹\"}, {\"word\": \"坑堑\"}, {\"word\": \"塹坑\"}, {\"word\": \"堑坑\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"塹壕\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"堑壕\"}, {\"word\": \"壕塹\"}, {\"word\": \"壕堑\"}, {\"word\": \"壘塹\"}, {\"word\": \"垒堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天堑\"}, {\"word\": \"欲塹\"}, {\"word\": \"欲堑\"}, {\"word\": \"溝塹\"}, {\"word\": \"沟堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹堑\"}, {\"word\": \"長江天塹\"}, {\"word\": \"长江天堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"馬塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"马堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高壘深塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高垒深堑\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"\", \"pron\": \"OC *sʰams\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"斬\", \"2\": \"土\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"t2\": \"earth\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"堑\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"塹\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat\"], \"links\": [[\"deep\", \"deep\"], [\"pit\", \"pit\"], [\"trench\", \"trench\"], [\"especially\", \"especially\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"moat\", \"moat\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A natural barrier\"], \"links\": [[\"natural\", \"natural\"], [\"barrier\", \"barrier\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A rift valley\"], \"links\": [[\"rift valley\", \"rift valley\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qian⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄑㄧㄢˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chʻien⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chyàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiann\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цянь\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cjanʹ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chim\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qim³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshjemH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[tsʰ]am-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sʰams/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\"}, {\"other\": \"[tsʰ]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sʰams/\"}], \"word\": \"塹\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "character",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "塹/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 塹\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"zh-pron usage missing POS\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"地塹\"}, {\"word\": \"地堑\"}, {\"word\": \"坑塹\"}, {\"word\": \"坑堑\"}, {\"word\": \"塹坑\"}, {\"word\": \"堑坑\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"塹壕\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"堑壕\"}, {\"word\": \"壕塹\"}, {\"word\": \"壕堑\"}, {\"word\": \"壘塹\"}, {\"word\": \"垒堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天堑\"}, {\"word\": \"欲塹\"}, {\"word\": \"欲堑\"}, {\"word\": \"溝塹\"}, {\"word\": \"沟堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹堑\"}, {\"word\": \"長江天塹\"}, {\"word\": \"长江天堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"馬塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"马堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高壘深塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高垒深堑\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"\", \"pron\": \"OC *sʰams\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"斬\", \"2\": \"土\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"t2\": \"earth\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"堑\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"塹\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat\"], \"links\": [[\"deep\", \"deep\"], [\"pit\", \"pit\"], [\"trench\", \"trench\"], [\"especially\", \"especially\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"moat\", \"moat\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A natural barrier\"], \"links\": [[\"natural\", \"natural\"], [\"barrier\", \"barrier\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A rift valley\"], \"links\": [[\"rift valley\", \"rift valley\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qian⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄑㄧㄢˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chʻien⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chyàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiann\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цянь\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cjanʹ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chim\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qim³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshjemH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[tsʰ]am-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sʰams/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\"}, {\"other\": \"[tsʰ]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sʰams/\"}], \"word\": \"塹\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "character",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "塹/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 塹\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"zh-pron usage missing POS\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"地塹\"}, {\"word\": \"地堑\"}, {\"word\": \"坑塹\"}, {\"word\": \"坑堑\"}, {\"word\": \"塹坑\"}, {\"word\": \"堑坑\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"塹壕\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"堑壕\"}, {\"word\": \"壕塹\"}, {\"word\": \"壕堑\"}, {\"word\": \"壘塹\"}, {\"word\": \"垒堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天堑\"}, {\"word\": \"欲塹\"}, {\"word\": \"欲堑\"}, {\"word\": \"溝塹\"}, {\"word\": \"沟堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹堑\"}, {\"word\": \"長江天塹\"}, {\"word\": \"长江天堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"馬塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"马堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高壘深塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高垒深堑\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"\", \"pron\": \"OC *sʰams\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"斬\", \"2\": \"土\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"t2\": \"earth\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"堑\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"塹\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat\"], \"links\": [[\"deep\", \"deep\"], [\"pit\", \"pit\"], [\"trench\", \"trench\"], [\"especially\", \"especially\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"moat\", \"moat\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A natural barrier\"], \"links\": [[\"natural\", \"natural\"], [\"barrier\", \"barrier\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A rift valley\"], \"links\": [[\"rift valley\", \"rift valley\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qian⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄑㄧㄢˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chʻien⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chyàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiann\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цянь\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cjanʹ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chim\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qim³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshjemH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[tsʰ]am-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sʰams/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\"}, {\"other\": \"[tsʰ]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sʰams/\"}], \"word\": \"塹\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "character",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "塹/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 塹\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"zh-pron usage missing POS\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"地塹\"}, {\"word\": \"地堑\"}, {\"word\": \"坑塹\"}, {\"word\": \"坑堑\"}, {\"word\": \"塹坑\"}, {\"word\": \"堑坑\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"塹壕\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"堑壕\"}, {\"word\": \"壕塹\"}, {\"word\": \"壕堑\"}, {\"word\": \"壘塹\"}, {\"word\": \"垒堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天堑\"}, {\"word\": \"欲塹\"}, {\"word\": \"欲堑\"}, {\"word\": \"溝塹\"}, {\"word\": \"沟堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹堑\"}, {\"word\": \"長江天塹\"}, {\"word\": \"长江天堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"馬塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"马堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高壘深塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高垒深堑\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"\", \"pron\": \"OC *sʰams\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"斬\", \"2\": \"土\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"t2\": \"earth\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"堑\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"塹\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat\"], \"links\": [[\"deep\", \"deep\"], [\"pit\", \"pit\"], [\"trench\", \"trench\"], [\"especially\", \"especially\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"moat\", \"moat\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A natural barrier\"], \"links\": [[\"natural\", \"natural\"], [\"barrier\", \"barrier\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A rift valley\"], \"links\": [[\"rift valley\", \"rift valley\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qian⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄑㄧㄢˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chʻien⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chyàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiann\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цянь\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cjanʹ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chim\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qim³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshjemH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[tsʰ]am-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sʰams/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\"}, {\"other\": \"[tsʰ]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sʰams/\"}], \"word\": \"塹\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "character",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "塹/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 塹\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"zh-pron usage missing POS\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"地塹\"}, {\"word\": \"地堑\"}, {\"word\": \"坑塹\"}, {\"word\": \"坑堑\"}, {\"word\": \"塹坑\"}, {\"word\": \"堑坑\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"塹壕\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"堑壕\"}, {\"word\": \"壕塹\"}, {\"word\": \"壕堑\"}, {\"word\": \"壘塹\"}, {\"word\": \"垒堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天堑\"}, {\"word\": \"欲塹\"}, {\"word\": \"欲堑\"}, {\"word\": \"溝塹\"}, {\"word\": \"沟堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹堑\"}, {\"word\": \"長江天塹\"}, {\"word\": \"长江天堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"馬塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"马堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高壘深塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高垒深堑\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"\", \"pron\": \"OC *sʰams\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"斬\", \"2\": \"土\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"t2\": \"earth\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"堑\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"塹\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat\"], \"links\": [[\"deep\", \"deep\"], [\"pit\", \"pit\"], [\"trench\", \"trench\"], [\"especially\", \"especially\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"moat\", \"moat\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A natural barrier\"], \"links\": [[\"natural\", \"natural\"], [\"barrier\", \"barrier\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A rift valley\"], \"links\": [[\"rift valley\", \"rift valley\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qian⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄑㄧㄢˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chʻien⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chyàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiann\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цянь\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cjanʹ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chim\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qim³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshjemH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[tsʰ]am-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sʰams/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\"}, {\"other\": \"[tsʰ]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sʰams/\"}], \"word\": \"塹\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "character",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "塹/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese hanzi\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 塹\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"Middle Chinese hanzi\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese hanzi\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Pages with 5 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"zh-pron usage missing POS\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"地塹\"}, {\"word\": \"地堑\"}, {\"word\": \"坑塹\"}, {\"word\": \"坑堑\"}, {\"word\": \"塹坑\"}, {\"word\": \"堑坑\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"塹壕\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiànháo\", \"word\": \"堑壕\"}, {\"word\": \"壕塹\"}, {\"word\": \"壕堑\"}, {\"word\": \"壘塹\"}, {\"word\": \"垒堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"tiānqiàn\", \"word\": \"天堑\"}, {\"word\": \"欲塹\"}, {\"word\": \"欲堑\"}, {\"word\": \"溝塹\"}, {\"word\": \"沟堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhúqiàn\", \"word\": \"竹堑\"}, {\"word\": \"長江天塹\"}, {\"word\": \"长江天堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"馬塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"Mǎqiàn\", \"word\": \"马堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高城深堑\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深塹\"}, {\"word\": \"高壁深堑\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高壘深塹\"}, {\"roman\": \"gāolěishēnqiàn\", \"word\": \"高垒深堑\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"Han phono-semantic compounds\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"categorize\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"psc\", \"adj\": \"\", \"nocap\": \"\", \"pron\": \"OC *sʰams\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams)\", \"name\": \"liushu\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"斬\", \"2\": \"土\", \"c1\": \"p\", \"c2\": \"s\", \"ls\": \"psc\", \"t2\": \"earth\"}, \"expansion\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”)\", \"name\": \"Han compound\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"堑\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"hanzi\"}, \"expansion\": \"塹\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"character\", \"senses\": [{\"glosses\": [\"A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat\"], \"links\": [[\"deep\", \"deep\"], [\"pit\", \"pit\"], [\"trench\", \"trench\"], [\"especially\", \"especially\"], [\"city\", \"city\"], [\"moat\", \"moat\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A natural barrier\"], \"links\": [[\"natural\", \"natural\"], [\"barrier\", \"barrier\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"A rift valley\"], \"links\": [[\"rift valley\", \"rift valley\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qian⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄑㄧㄢˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qiàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ciàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chʻien⁴\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chyàn\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chiann\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"цянь\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cjanʹ\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"cim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"chim\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tsim³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\"], \"zh-pron\": \"qim³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tshjemH\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*[tsʰ]am-s/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*sʰams/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʰiːm³³/\"}, {\"other\": \"[tsʰ]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*sʰams/\"}], \"word\": \"塹\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "character",
"title": "塹",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.