See 國書 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "國書"
},
"expansion": "國書",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "国書",
"2": "こくしょ",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "国書(こくしょ) (kokusho)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "국서(國書)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "國書",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 국서(國書) (gukseo)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "quốc thư",
"bor": "1",
"id": "國書",
"t": "",
"tr": "國書"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: quốc thư (國書)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "國書",
"2": "こくしょ",
"3": "국서",
"4": "quốc thư",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "國書",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "國書",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "国書",
"v": "國書",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (國書):\n* → Japanese: 国書(こくしょ) (kokusho)\n* → Korean: 국서(國書) (gukseo)\n* → Vietnamese: quốc thư (國書)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "こくしょ",
"3": "국서",
"4": "quốc thư",
"s": "国書"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (國書):\n* → Japanese: 国書(こくしょ) (kokusho)\n* → Korean: 국서(國書) (gukseo)\n* → Vietnamese: quốc thư (國書)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (國書):\n* → Japanese: 国書(こくしょ) (kokusho)\n* → Korean: 국서(國書) (gukseo)\n* → Vietnamese: quốc thư (國書)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "国书",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "國書",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"credentials"
],
"id": "en-國書-zh-noun-YxqtpH3q",
"links": [
[
"credentials",
"credentials"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Diplomacy",
"orig": "zh:Diplomacy",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 56 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 60 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 61 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"letter of credence"
],
"id": "en-國書-zh-noun-o2b5P1Fn",
"links": [
[
"diplomacy",
"diplomacy"
],
[
"letter of credence",
"letter of credence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(diplomacy) letter of credence"
],
"topics": [
"diplomacy",
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"documents exchanged between nations"
],
"id": "en-國書-zh-noun--Co59HW-",
"links": [
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 31 9 59",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Writing systems",
"orig": "zh:Writing systems",
"parents": [
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But due to them being unable to be transcribed in [Chinese] characters, only groups of musicians pass them down mouth-to-mouth, or some people transmit them using the Korean alphabet, and that is all.",
"raw_tags": [
"-ra",
"-ro",
"-hamyeo",
"-hanira",
"Korean Literary Sinitic",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 《西浦漫筆》 by Kim Manjung, late 1600s",
"roman": "이이기불가이문자사지^((라)) 고^((로)) 유악인배구상수수^((하며)) 혹전이국서이이^((하니라))\nI i gi bulga i munja sa ji[-ra], go[-ro] yu agin bae gu sang susu[-hamyeo], hok jeon i gukseo ii[-hanira].",
"tags": [
"Sino-Korean"
],
"text": "而以其不可以文字寫之，故惟樂人輩口相授受，或傳以國書而已。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"national script; national writing system"
],
"id": "en-國書-zh-noun-PBLbBqJn",
"links": [
[
"national",
"national"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "國"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "字"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "／"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "国"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "g"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "u"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "ó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "z"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100",
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "ì"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guóshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gwok³ syu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kok-su"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kok-sir"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kok-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guóshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guóshu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kuo²-shu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwó-shū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gwoshu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гошу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gošu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwok syū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gwok⁸ sy¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "guog³ xu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷɔːk̚³ syː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "koksw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-sir"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-sir"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "koksy"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ si⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ si⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kwok syo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[C.q]ʷˤək s-ta/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʷɯːɡ hlja/"
},
{
"other": "/ kok-sir /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷɔːk̚³ syː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ si⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ si⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*kʷɯːɡ hlja/"
}
],
"word": "國書"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 國",
"Chinese terms spelled with 書",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Writing systems"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "國書"
},
"expansion": "國書",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "国書",
"2": "こくしょ",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "国書(こくしょ) (kokusho)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "국서(國書)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "國書",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 국서(國書) (gukseo)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "quốc thư",
"bor": "1",
"id": "國書",
"t": "",
"tr": "國書"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: quốc thư (國書)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "國書",
"2": "こくしょ",
"3": "국서",
"4": "quốc thư",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "國書",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "國書",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "国書",
"v": "國書",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (國書):\n* → Japanese: 国書(こくしょ) (kokusho)\n* → Korean: 국서(國書) (gukseo)\n* → Vietnamese: quốc thư (國書)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "こくしょ",
"3": "국서",
"4": "quốc thư",
"s": "国書"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (國書):\n* → Japanese: 国書(こくしょ) (kokusho)\n* → Korean: 국서(國書) (gukseo)\n* → Vietnamese: quốc thư (國書)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (國書):\n* → Japanese: 国書(こくしょ) (kokusho)\n* → Korean: 국서(國書) (gukseo)\n* → Vietnamese: quốc thư (國書)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "国书",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "國書",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"credentials"
],
"links": [
[
"credentials",
"credentials"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"zh:Diplomacy"
],
"glosses": [
"letter of credence"
],
"links": [
[
"diplomacy",
"diplomacy"
],
[
"letter of credence",
"letter of credence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(diplomacy) letter of credence"
],
"topics": [
"diplomacy",
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"documents exchanged between nations"
],
"links": [
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But due to them being unable to be transcribed in [Chinese] characters, only groups of musicians pass them down mouth-to-mouth, or some people transmit them using the Korean alphabet, and that is all.",
"raw_tags": [
"-ra",
"-ro",
"-hamyeo",
"-hanira",
"Korean Literary Sinitic",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 《西浦漫筆》 by Kim Manjung, late 1600s",
"roman": "이이기불가이문자사지^((라)) 고^((로)) 유악인배구상수수^((하며)) 혹전이국서이이^((하니라))\nI i gi bulga i munja sa ji[-ra], go[-ro] yu agin bae gu sang susu[-hamyeo], hok jeon i gukseo ii[-hanira].",
"tags": [
"Sino-Korean"
],
"text": "而以其不可以文字寫之，故惟樂人輩口相授受，或傳以國書而已。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"national script; national writing system"
],
"links": [
[
"national",
"national"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guóshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gwok³ syu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kok-su"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kok-sir"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kok-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guóshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "guóshu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kuo²-shu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwó-shū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gwoshu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гошу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gošu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gwok syū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gwok⁸ sy¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "guog³ xu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷɔːk̚³ syː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-su"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "koksw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-sir"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-sir"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kok-si"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "koksy"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ si⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ si⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kwok syo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[C.q]ʷˤək s-ta/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʷɯːɡ hlja/"
},
{
"other": "/ kok-sir /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷɔːk̚³ syː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ si⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ si⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*kʷɯːɡ hlja/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "國"
},
{
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "字"
},
{
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "／"
},
{
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "国"
},
{
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "g"
},
{
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "u"
},
{
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "ó"
},
{
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "z"
},
{
"qualifier": "national script",
"sense": "national script",
"word": "ì"
}
],
"word": "國書"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 國書 meaning in Chinese (6.9kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"國書"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "國書",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"國書"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "國書",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"國書"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "國書",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"國書"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "國書",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.