"單于" meaning in Chinese

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mis-xnu",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Xiongnu",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "龍城"
      },
      "expansion": "龍城／龙城 (Lóngchéng)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ (darug-a)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "داروغه",
        "3": "",
        "4": "governor",
        "tr": "dâruğe"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian داروغه (dâruğe, “governor”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "otk",
        "2": "𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣",
        "3": "",
        "4": "commander",
        "tr": "tarqan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (tarqan, “commander”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "答剌罕",
        "2": "tarkhan"
      },
      "expansion": "答剌罕 (dálàhǎn, “tarkhan”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "達魯噶",
        "2": "darugha"
      },
      "expansion": "達魯噶／达鲁噶 (“darugha”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "達魯花赤",
        "2": "darughachi"
      },
      "expansion": "達魯花赤／达鲁花赤 (“darughachi”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Xiongnu. Earliest extant attestations of this title (reconstructed as *darƣʷa) are in Chinese language inscriptions found in ruins of Xiongnu's capital 龍城／龙城 (Lóngchéng), in modern Mongolia.\nCognate with Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ (darug-a) / дарга (darga, “chief; head; governor”), Persian داروغه (dâruğe, “governor”), Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (tarqan, “commander”).\nRelated to 答剌罕 (dálàhǎn, “tarkhan”), 達魯噶／达鲁噶 (“darugha”), 達魯花赤／达鲁花赤 (“darughachi”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "单于",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "單于",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 85",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "zh:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Therefore, all Xiongnu nobles and high officials were won over and considered Modun chanyu to be worthy.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE",
          "roman": "Yúshì Xiōngnú guìrén dàchén jiē fú, yǐ Mòdùn chányú wéi xián.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "於是匈奴貴人大臣皆服，以冒頓單于為賢。",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "Therefore, all Xiongnu nobles and high officials were won over and considered Modun chanyu to be worthy.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE",
          "roman": "Yúshì Xiōngnú guìrén dàchén jiē fú, yǐ Mòdùn chányú wéi xián.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "于是匈奴贵人大臣皆服，以冒顿单于为贤。",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chanyu (a supreme ruler of one or more nomadic tribes of Inner Asian peoples, at some point between the 4th century BCE and the 4th century CE; most notably a ruler of the Xiongnu)"
      ],
      "id": "en-單于-zh-noun-cCwh1jEP",
      "links": [
        [
          "chanyu",
          "chanyu#English:_Q1062502"
        ],
        [
          "supreme",
          "supreme"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "nomadic",
          "nomadic"
        ],
        [
          "Inner Asia",
          "Inner Asia"
        ],
        [
          "BCE",
          "BCE"
        ],
        [
          "CE",
          "CE"
        ],
        [
          "Xiongnu",
          "Xiongnu"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) chanyu (a supreme ruler of one or more nomadic tribes of Inner Asian peoples, at some point between the 4th century BCE and the 4th century CE; most notably a ruler of the Xiongnu)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄢˊ ㄩˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sim⁴ jyu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sin⁴ jyu⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻan²-yü²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chán-yú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "charnyu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чаньюй"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čanʹjuj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhm yùh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhn yùh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sim⁴ jy⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sin⁴ jy⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xim⁴ yu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xin⁴ yu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːm²¹ jyː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːn²¹ jyː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'uu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'w"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'ii"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzyen hju"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*dar ɦʷa/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*djan ɢʷa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ siân-u /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːm²¹ jyː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːn²¹ jyː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*dar ɦʷa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*djan ɢʷa/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "darugha",
    "darughachi"
  ],
  "word": "單于"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mis-xnu",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Xiongnu",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "龍城"
      },
      "expansion": "龍城／龙城 (Lóngchéng)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ (darug-a)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "داروغه",
        "3": "",
        "4": "governor",
        "tr": "dâruğe"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian داروغه (dâruğe, “governor”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "otk",
        "2": "𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣",
        "3": "",
        "4": "commander",
        "tr": "tarqan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (tarqan, “commander”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "答剌罕",
        "2": "tarkhan"
      },
      "expansion": "答剌罕 (dálàhǎn, “tarkhan”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "達魯噶",
        "2": "darugha"
      },
      "expansion": "達魯噶／达鲁噶 (“darugha”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "達魯花赤",
        "2": "darughachi"
      },
      "expansion": "達魯花赤／达鲁花赤 (“darughachi”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Xiongnu. Earliest extant attestations of this title (reconstructed as *darƣʷa) are in Chinese language inscriptions found in ruins of Xiongnu's capital 龍城／龙城 (Lóngchéng), in modern Mongolia.\nCognate with Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ (darug-a) / дарга (darga, “chief; head; governor”), Persian داروغه (dâruğe, “governor”), Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (tarqan, “commander”).\nRelated to 答剌罕 (dálàhǎn, “tarkhan”), 達魯噶／达鲁噶 (“darugha”), 達魯花赤／达鲁花赤 (“darughachi”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "单于",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "單于",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese surnames",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 32",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Heads of state",
          "orig": "zh:Heads of state",
          "parents": [
            "Government",
            "Positions of authority",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "Leaders",
            "Occupations",
            "All topics",
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "zh:Occupations",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname: Chanyu"
      ],
      "id": "en-單于-zh-name-uY0RsKAk",
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ],
        [
          "Chanyu",
          "Chanyu"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄢˊ ㄩˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sim⁴ jyu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sin⁴ jyu⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻan²-yü²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chán-yú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "charnyu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чаньюй"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čanʹjuj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhm yùh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhn yùh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sim⁴ jy⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sin⁴ jy⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xim⁴ yu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xin⁴ yu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːm²¹ jyː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːn²¹ jyː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'uu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'w"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'ii"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzyen hju"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*dar ɦʷa/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*djan ɢʷa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ siân-u /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːm²¹ jyː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːn²¹ jyː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*dar ɦʷa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*djan ɢʷa/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "darugha",
    "darughachi"
  ],
  "word": "單于"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese redlinks/zh-l",
    "Chinese terms borrowed from Xiongnu",
    "Chinese terms derived from Xiongnu",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 于",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 單",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Middle Chinese nouns",
    "Middle Chinese proper nouns",
    "Old Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese nouns",
    "Old Chinese proper nouns",
    "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Heads of state",
    "zh:Occupations",
    "zh:People"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mis-xnu",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Xiongnu",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "龍城"
      },
      "expansion": "龍城／龙城 (Lóngchéng)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ (darug-a)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "داروغه",
        "3": "",
        "4": "governor",
        "tr": "dâruğe"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian داروغه (dâruğe, “governor”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "otk",
        "2": "𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣",
        "3": "",
        "4": "commander",
        "tr": "tarqan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (tarqan, “commander”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "答剌罕",
        "2": "tarkhan"
      },
      "expansion": "答剌罕 (dálàhǎn, “tarkhan”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "達魯噶",
        "2": "darugha"
      },
      "expansion": "達魯噶／达鲁噶 (“darugha”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "達魯花赤",
        "2": "darughachi"
      },
      "expansion": "達魯花赤／达鲁花赤 (“darughachi”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Xiongnu. Earliest extant attestations of this title (reconstructed as *darƣʷa) are in Chinese language inscriptions found in ruins of Xiongnu's capital 龍城／龙城 (Lóngchéng), in modern Mongolia.\nCognate with Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ (darug-a) / дарга (darga, “chief; head; governor”), Persian داروغه (dâruğe, “governor”), Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (tarqan, “commander”).\nRelated to 答剌罕 (dálàhǎn, “tarkhan”), 達魯噶／达鲁噶 (“darugha”), 達魯花赤／达鲁花赤 (“darughachi”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "单于",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "單于",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese terms with historical senses",
        "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Therefore, all Xiongnu nobles and high officials were won over and considered Modun chanyu to be worthy.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE",
          "roman": "Yúshì Xiōngnú guìrén dàchén jiē fú, yǐ Mòdùn chányú wéi xián.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "於是匈奴貴人大臣皆服，以冒頓單于為賢。",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "Therefore, all Xiongnu nobles and high officials were won over and considered Modun chanyu to be worthy.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Classical Chinese",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "ref": " The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE",
          "roman": "Yúshì Xiōngnú guìrén dàchén jiē fú, yǐ Mòdùn chányú wéi xián.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "于是匈奴贵人大臣皆服，以冒顿单于为贤。",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chanyu (a supreme ruler of one or more nomadic tribes of Inner Asian peoples, at some point between the 4th century BCE and the 4th century CE; most notably a ruler of the Xiongnu)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chanyu",
          "chanyu#English:_Q1062502"
        ],
        [
          "supreme",
          "supreme"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "nomadic",
          "nomadic"
        ],
        [
          "Inner Asia",
          "Inner Asia"
        ],
        [
          "BCE",
          "BCE"
        ],
        [
          "CE",
          "CE"
        ],
        [
          "Xiongnu",
          "Xiongnu"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) chanyu (a supreme ruler of one or more nomadic tribes of Inner Asian peoples, at some point between the 4th century BCE and the 4th century CE; most notably a ruler of the Xiongnu)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄢˊ ㄩˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sim⁴ jyu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sin⁴ jyu⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻan²-yü²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chán-yú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "charnyu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чаньюй"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čanʹjuj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhm yùh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhn yùh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sim⁴ jy⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sin⁴ jy⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xim⁴ yu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xin⁴ yu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːm²¹ jyː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːn²¹ jyː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'uu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'w"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'ii"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzyen hju"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*dar ɦʷa/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*djan ɢʷa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ siân-u /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːm²¹ jyː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːn²¹ jyː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*dar ɦʷa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*djan ɢʷa/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "darugha",
    "darughachi"
  ],
  "word": "單于"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese redlinks/zh-l",
    "Chinese terms borrowed from Xiongnu",
    "Chinese terms derived from Xiongnu",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 于",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 單",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Middle Chinese nouns",
    "Middle Chinese proper nouns",
    "Old Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese nouns",
    "Old Chinese proper nouns",
    "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Heads of state",
    "zh:Occupations",
    "zh:People"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "mis-xnu",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Xiongnu",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "龍城"
      },
      "expansion": "龍城／龙城 (Lóngchéng)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ (darug-a)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "داروغه",
        "3": "",
        "4": "governor",
        "tr": "dâruğe"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian داروغه (dâruğe, “governor”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "otk",
        "2": "𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣",
        "3": "",
        "4": "commander",
        "tr": "tarqan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (tarqan, “commander”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "答剌罕",
        "2": "tarkhan"
      },
      "expansion": "答剌罕 (dálàhǎn, “tarkhan”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "達魯噶",
        "2": "darugha"
      },
      "expansion": "達魯噶／达鲁噶 (“darugha”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "達魯花赤",
        "2": "darughachi"
      },
      "expansion": "達魯花赤／达鲁花赤 (“darughachi”)",
      "name": "zh-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Xiongnu. Earliest extant attestations of this title (reconstructed as *darƣʷa) are in Chinese language inscriptions found in ruins of Xiongnu's capital 龍城／龙城 (Lóngchéng), in modern Mongolia.\nCognate with Mongolian ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ (darug-a) / дарга (darga, “chief; head; governor”), Persian داروغه (dâruğe, “governor”), Old Turkic 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (tarqan, “commander”).\nRelated to 答剌罕 (dálàhǎn, “tarkhan”), 達魯噶／达鲁噶 (“darugha”), 達魯花赤／达鲁花赤 (“darughachi”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "单于",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "單于",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese surnames"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a surname: Chanyu"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ],
        [
          "Chanyu",
          "Chanyu"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄔㄢˊ ㄩˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sim⁴ jyu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sin⁴ jyu⁴"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chányú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chʻan²-yü²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chán-yú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "charnyu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чаньюй"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čanʹjuj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhm yùh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sìhn yùh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sim⁴ jy⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sin⁴ jy⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xim⁴ yu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "xin⁴ yu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːm²¹ jyː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːn²¹ jyː²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-û"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'uu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'w"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "siân-î"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "sien'ii"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzyen hju"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*dar ɦʷa/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*djan ɢʷa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ siân-u /"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ y³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːm²¹ jyː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siːn²¹ jyː²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn²⁴⁻²² u³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/siɛn¹³⁻²² i¹³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*dar ɦʷa/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*djan ɢʷa/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "darugha",
    "darughachi"
  ],
  "word": "單于"
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "單于"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "單于",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "單于"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "單于",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "單于"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "單于",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "單于"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "單于",
  "trace": ""
}