吐蕃 in Chinese

IPA: /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/, /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/, /tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/ Chinese transliterations: Tǔbō [Mandarin, Pinyin], Tǔfān [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄢ [Mandarin, bopomofo], tou³ bo³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], Tǔbō [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], Tǔbo [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], Tʻu³-po¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], Tǔ-bwō [Mandarin, Yale], Tuubo [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], Тубо [Mandarin, Palladius], Tubo [Mandarin, Palladius], Tǔfān [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], Tǔfan [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], Tʻu³-fan¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], Tǔ-fān [Mandarin, Yale], Tuufan [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], Туфань [Mandarin, Palladius], Tufanʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], tou bo [Cantonese, Yale], tou³ bo³ [Cantonese, Pinyin], tou³ bo³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], thuX pjon [Middle-Chinese] Forms: 土蕃 [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: An exonym for Tibet that appeared in the Tang dynasty. Some scholars argue the second syllable, 蕃, was originally read with the -n coda in Middle Chinese (i.e. pʉɐn or bʉɐn, the former of which regularly gives rise to modern Mandarin fān). They argue that the modern Tǔbō reading is recent, possibly originating from French sinologist Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat’s (1788-1832) argument that the second syllable should be pronounced this way to match Tibetan བོད (bod, “Tibet”) (Pelliot, 1915). Rhymes in poetry from Tang and Yuan dynasties also suggest that the second syllable 蕃 was read with the -n coda during those times (Yao, 2014). Etymology templates: {{zh-l|蕃|tr=-}} 蕃, {{ncog|bo|བོད||Tibet}} Tibetan བོད (bod, “Tibet”), {{zh-ref|Pelliot, 1915}} Pelliot, 1915, {{zh-l|蕃|tr=-}} 蕃, {{zh-ref|Yao, 2014}} Yao, 2014 Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 吐蕃

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "蕃",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "蕃",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "བོད",
        "3": "",
        "4": "Tibet"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan བོད (bod, “Tibet”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Pelliot, 1915"
      },
      "expansion": "Pelliot, 1915",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "蕃",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "蕃",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Yao, 2014"
      },
      "expansion": "Yao, 2014",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An exonym for Tibet that appeared in the Tang dynasty. Some scholars argue the second syllable, 蕃, was originally read with the -n coda in Middle Chinese (i.e. pʉɐn or bʉɐn, the former of which regularly gives rise to modern Mandarin fān). They argue that the modern Tǔbō reading is recent, possibly originating from French sinologist Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat’s (1788-1832) argument that the second syllable should be pronounced this way to match Tibetan བོད (bod, “Tibet”) (Pelliot, 1915). Rhymes in poetry from Tang and Yuan dynasties also suggest that the second syllable 蕃 was read with the -n coda during those times (Yao, 2014).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "土蕃"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "吐蕃",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
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        {
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          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Tibet"
      ],
      "id": "en-吐蕃-zh-name-vCzcCQjq",
      "links": [
        [
          "Tibet",
          "Tibet"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Tibet"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "fán",
          "word": "蕃"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Xīzàng",
          "word": "西藏"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "Túbótè",
          "word": "圖伯特／图伯特"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Túbótè",
          "word": "圖伯特"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Túbótè",
          "word": "图伯特"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔbō"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔfān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tou³ bo³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔbō"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔbo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tʻu³-po¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔ-bwō"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tuubo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Тубо"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tubo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔfān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔfan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tʻu³-fan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔ-fān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tuufan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Туфань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tufanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tou bo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tou³ bo³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tou³ bo³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thuX pjon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "吐蕃"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "蕃",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "蕃",
      "name": "zh-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "བོད",
        "3": "",
        "4": "Tibet"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan བོད (bod, “Tibet”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Pelliot, 1915"
      },
      "expansion": "Pelliot, 1915",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "蕃",
        "tr": "-"
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      "expansion": "蕃",
      "name": "zh-l"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Yao, 2014"
      },
      "expansion": "Yao, 2014",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An exonym for Tibet that appeared in the Tang dynasty. Some scholars argue the second syllable, 蕃, was originally read with the -n coda in Middle Chinese (i.e. pʉɐn or bʉɐn, the former of which regularly gives rise to modern Mandarin fān). They argue that the modern Tǔbō reading is recent, possibly originating from French sinologist Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat’s (1788-1832) argument that the second syllable should be pronounced this way to match Tibetan བོད (bod, “Tibet”) (Pelliot, 1915). Rhymes in poetry from Tang and Yuan dynasties also suggest that the second syllable 蕃 was read with the -n coda during those times (Yao, 2014).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "土蕃"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "吐蕃",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "fán",
      "word": "蕃"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Xīzàng",
      "word": "西藏"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese proper nouns",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese proper nouns",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 吐",
        "Chinese terms spelled with 蕃",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Chinese terms with archaic senses",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin proper nouns",
        "Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations",
        "Middle Chinese lemmas",
        "Middle Chinese proper nouns",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Tibet"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Tibet",
          "Tibet"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) Tibet"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔbō"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔfān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tou³ bo³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔbō"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔbo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tʻu³-po¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔ-bwō"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tuubo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Тубо"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tubo"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔfān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔfan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tʻu³-fan¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tǔ-fān"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tuufan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Туфань"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Tufanʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tou bo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tou³ bo³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tou³ bo³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thuX pjon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Túbótè",
      "word": "圖伯特／图伯特"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Túbótè",
      "word": "圖伯特"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Túbótè",
      "word": "图伯特"
    }
  ],
  "word": "吐蕃"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "吐蕃"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "吐蕃",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "吐蕃"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "吐蕃",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "吐蕃"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "吐蕃",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"吐蕃" meaning in Chinese

Proper name