See 古書 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "古書"
},
"expansion": "古書",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "古%書",
"2": "こ%しょ",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "古(こ)書(しょ) (kosho)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고서(古書)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "古書",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고서(古書) (goseo)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "古書",
"2": "こ%しょ",
"3": "고서",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "古書",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "古書",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "古%書",
"v": "古書",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (古書):\n* → Japanese: 古(こ)書(しょ) (kosho)\n* → Korean: 고서(古書) (goseo)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "こ%しょ",
"3": "고서",
"j": "古%書"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (古書):\n* → Japanese: 古(こ)書(しょ) (kosho)\n* → Korean: 고서(古書) (goseo)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (古書):\n* → Japanese: 古(こ)書(しょ) (kosho)\n* → Korean: 고서(古書) (goseo)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "古书",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "古書",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Books",
"orig": "zh:Books",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"antique book; ancient text"
],
"id": "en-古書-zh-noun-nxwh5PcT",
"links": [
[
"antique",
"antique"
],
[
"book",
"book"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"text",
"text"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "古冊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "古册"
},
{
"roman": "gǔjí",
"word": "古籍"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjí",
"word": "經籍"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjí",
"word": "经籍"
},
{
"roman": "jiùdiǎn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "舊典"
},
{
"roman": "jiùdiǎn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "旧典"
},
{
"roman": "jiùshū",
"word": "舊書"
},
{
"roman": "jiùshū",
"word": "旧书"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gǔshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu² syu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kú-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "gu^ˊ shu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "gu³ su¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kó͘-chu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gǔshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gǔshu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³-shu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gǔ-shū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "guushu"
},
{
"roman": "gušu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "гушу"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "古書",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "古书",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "鼓書",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "鼓书",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu² syu¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gú syū"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gu² sy¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "gu² xu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuː³⁵ syː⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kú-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "gu^ˋ su^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "gu³ su¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³¹ su²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "gu^ˊ shu^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻³³ ʃu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "gu³ su¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³¹ su⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kó͘-chu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kóo-tsu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kofzw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "kuX syo"
}
],
"word": "古書"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "古書"
},
"expansion": "古書",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "古%書",
"2": "こ%しょ",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "古(こ)書(しょ) (kosho)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고서(古書)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "古書",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고서(古書) (goseo)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "古書",
"2": "こ%しょ",
"3": "고서",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "古書",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "古書",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "古%書",
"v": "古書",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (古書):\n* → Japanese: 古(こ)書(しょ) (kosho)\n* → Korean: 고서(古書) (goseo)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "こ%しょ",
"3": "고서",
"j": "古%書"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (古書):\n* → Japanese: 古(こ)書(しょ) (kosho)\n* → Korean: 고서(古書) (goseo)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (古書):\n* → Japanese: 古(こ)書(しょ) (kosho)\n* → Korean: 고서(古書) (goseo)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "古书",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "古書",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 古",
"Chinese terms spelled with 書",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Mandarin terms with homophones",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Books"
],
"glosses": [
"antique book; ancient text"
],
"links": [
[
"antique",
"antique"
],
[
"book",
"book"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"text",
"text"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gǔshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu² syu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kú-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "gu^ˊ shu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "gu³ su¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kó͘-chu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gǔshū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gǔshu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³-shu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gǔ-shū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "guushu"
},
{
"roman": "gušu",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "гушу"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"homophone": "古書",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "古书",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "鼓書",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"homophone": "鼓书",
"raw_tags": [
"Homophones"
],
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "gu² syu¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "gú syū"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "gu² sy¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "gu² xu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuː³⁵ syː⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "kú-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "gu^ˋ su^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "gu³ su¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³¹ su²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "gu^ˊ shu^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²⁴⁻³³ ʃu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "gu³ su¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku³¹ su⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "kó͘-chu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "kóo-tsu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "kofzw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "kuX syo"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "古冊"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "古册"
},
{
"roman": "gǔjí",
"word": "古籍"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjí",
"word": "經籍"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjí",
"word": "经籍"
},
{
"roman": "jiùdiǎn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "舊典"
},
{
"roman": "jiùdiǎn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "旧典"
},
{
"roman": "jiùshū",
"word": "舊書"
},
{
"roman": "jiùshū",
"word": "旧书"
}
],
"word": "古書"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 古書 meaning in Chinese (6.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"古書"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古書",
"trace": "started on line 23, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"古書"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "古書",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%8F%A4%E6%9B%B8'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"古書"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "古書",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (7cef23e and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.