See 北上 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "nánxià",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to go north”",
"word": "南下"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "北上",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to go north"
],
"id": "en-北上-zh-verb-kQYenipY",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"north",
"north"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 7 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 57 27 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 60 31 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go north",
"to travel from Hong Kong or Macau to Mainland China"
],
"id": "en-北上-zh-verb-GkQUICS9",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"north",
"north"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"Hong Kong",
"Hong Kong"
],
[
"Macau",
"Macau"
],
[
"Mainland China",
"Mainland China"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bak¹ soeng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "pei³-shang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "běi-shàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "beeishanq"
},
{
"roman": "bɛjšan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "бэйшан"
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bak¹ soeng⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "bāk séuhng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bak⁷ soeng⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "beg¹ sêng⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɐk̚⁵ sœːŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "paksiong"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "paksiang"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siaŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"sense": "to go north",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "上北"
}
],
"word": "北上"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "北上",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Cities in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"orig": "zh:Cities in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Cities in Japan",
"orig": "zh:Cities in Japan",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"orig": "zh:Places in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Places in Japan",
"orig": "zh:Places in Japan",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kitakami (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)"
],
"id": "en-北上-zh-name-63f7bnz2",
"links": [
[
"市",
"市#Chinese"
],
[
"Kitakami",
"Kitakami#English"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Iwate",
"Iwate#English"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～市) Kitakami (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bak¹ soeng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "pei³-shang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "běi-shàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "beeishanq"
},
{
"roman": "bɛjšan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "бэйшан"
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bak¹ soeng⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "bāk séuhng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bak⁷ soeng⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "beg¹ sêng⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɐk̚⁵ sœːŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "paksiong"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "paksiang"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siaŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"word": "北上"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "nánxià",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to go north”",
"word": "南下"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 上",
"Chinese terms spelled with 北",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "北上",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to go north"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"north",
"north"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to go north",
"to travel from Hong Kong or Macau to Mainland China"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"north",
"north"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"Hong Kong",
"Hong Kong"
],
[
"Macau",
"Macau"
],
[
"Mainland China",
"Mainland China"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bak¹ soeng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "pei³-shang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "běi-shàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "beeishanq"
},
{
"roman": "bɛjšan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "бэйшан"
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bak¹ soeng⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "bāk séuhng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bak⁷ soeng⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "beg¹ sêng⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɐk̚⁵ sœːŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "paksiong"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "paksiang"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siaŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to go north",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "上北"
}
],
"word": "北上"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 上",
"Chinese terms spelled with 北",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "北上",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"zh:Cities in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"zh:Cities in Japan",
"zh:Places in Iwate Prefecture, Japan",
"zh:Places in Japan"
],
"glosses": [
"Kitakami (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)"
],
"links": [
[
"市",
"市#Chinese"
],
[
"Kitakami",
"Kitakami#English"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Iwate",
"Iwate#English"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～市) Kitakami (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bak¹ soeng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄅㄟˇ ㄕㄤˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "běishàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "pei³-shang⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "běi-shàng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "beeishanq"
},
{
"roman": "bɛjšan",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "бэйшан"
},
{
"ipa": "/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "bak¹ soeng⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "bāk séuhng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "bak⁷ soeng⁵"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "beg¹ sêng⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɐk̚⁵ sœːŋ¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siōng"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "paksiong"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siɔŋ³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "pak-siāng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "paksiang"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚³²⁻⁴ siaŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan",
"variant",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
}
],
"word": "北上"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 北上 meaning in Chinese (6.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～市",
"path": [
"北上"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "北上",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ～市",
"path": [
"北上"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "北上",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (99a4ed9 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.