See 三層 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "samcan",
"3": "sancan",
"bor": "1",
"t1": "pork belly",
"t2": "beef flank"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: samcan (“pork belly”), sancan (“beef flank”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: samcan (“pork belly”), sancan (“beef flank”)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "三层",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "三層",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hokkien Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Taiwanese Hakka",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Wenzhounese Wu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"streaky pork; pork belly"
],
"id": "en-三層-zh-noun-L8h6WR4-",
"links": [
[
"streaky",
"streaky"
],
[
"pork",
"pork"
],
[
"pork belly",
"pork belly"
]
],
"qualifier": "Taiwanese Hakka",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, Wenzhounese) streaky pork; pork belly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "五花兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "五花兒肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "五花三層兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Tianjin"
],
"word": "五花兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "五花"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "五花間腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "五層樓"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "五花精"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "花精肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "三層精"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Huicheng-Bendihua",
"Huizhou"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Huicheng-Bendihua",
"Huizhou"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層精"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"word": "半肥㾪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "五花精"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "三棧肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "五花精"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "三層仔肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hongmaogang",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Dalinpu",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Dalinpu",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "五花仔肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "三層仔肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "五花仔肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lukang"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"word": "五花"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kinmen"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Leizhou"
],
"word": "半澀白"
},
{
"tags": [
"Leizhou"
],
"word": "半肥㾪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "三叢肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "三重肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "隔栓肴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Tingzi"
],
"word": "五層樓 humorous"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "三層肉"
}
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "sam-chân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sam-chân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sam-tsân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "samzaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam³³ t͡san²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Lukang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sam³³⁻²¹ t͡san²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻²² t͡san²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kinmen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡san²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡san²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"Taipei",
"Yilan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sam³³ t͡san²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam³³⁻²¹ t͡san²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻²² t͡san²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡san²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡san²⁴/"
}
],
"word": "三層"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "samcan",
"3": "sancan",
"bor": "1",
"t1": "pork belly",
"t2": "beef flank"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: samcan (“pork belly”), sancan (“beef flank”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: samcan (“pork belly”), sancan (“beef flank”)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "三层",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "三層",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 三",
"Chinese terms spelled with 層",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien Chinese",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Taiwanese Hakka",
"Wenzhounese Wu"
],
"glosses": [
"streaky pork; pork belly"
],
"links": [
[
"streaky",
"streaky"
],
[
"pork",
"pork"
],
[
"pork belly",
"pork belly"
]
],
"qualifier": "Taiwanese Hakka",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, Wenzhounese) streaky pork; pork belly"
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "sam-chân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sam-chân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sam-tsân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "samzaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam³³ t͡san²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Lukang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sam³³⁻²¹ t͡san²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻²² t͡san²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kinmen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡san²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡san²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"Taipei",
"Yilan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sam³³ t͡san²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam³³⁻²¹ t͡san²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻²² t͡san²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡san²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sam⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡san²⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "五花兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "五花兒肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "五花三層兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Tianjin"
],
"word": "五花兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "五花"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "五花間腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "五層樓"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "五花精"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "花精肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "三層精"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Huicheng-Bendihua",
"Huizhou"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Huicheng-Bendihua",
"Huizhou"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層精"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Huizhou",
"Jixi"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"word": "半肥㾪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "五花精"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "三棧肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "五花精"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "三層仔肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"word": "三層"
},
{
"word": "三層"
},
{
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hongmaogang",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Dalinpu",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Dalinpu",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "五花仔肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "三層仔肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "五花仔肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lukang"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"word": "三層仔"
},
{
"word": "三層"
},
{
"word": "五花"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kinmen"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"word": "三層"
},
{
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Leizhou"
],
"word": "半澀白"
},
{
"tags": [
"Leizhou"
],
"word": "半肥㾪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "三叢肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "三重肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "隔栓肴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "五花腩"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Tingzi"
],
"word": "五層樓 humorous"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "五花肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "三層肉"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "三層"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "三層肉"
}
],
"word": "三層"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 三層 meaning in Chinese (7.1kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"三層"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "三層",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"三層"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "三層",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, Wenzhounese",
"path": [
"三層"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "三層",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka, Wenzhounese",
"path": [
"三層"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "三層",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.