史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
史 (character) 史/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 史", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "三史"}, {"word": "二十五史"}, {"word": "二十六史"}, {"roman": "Èrshísì Shǐ", "word": "二十四史"}, {"word": "五代史"}, {"roman": "lìngshǐ", "word": "令史"}, {"word": "仿連史紙"}, {"word": "仿连史纸"}, {"word": "佞史"}, {"roman": "xìnshǐ", "word": "信史"}, {"roman": "xiūshǐ", "word": "修史"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "元史"}, {"word": "元祕史"}, {"word": "元秘史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "內史"}, {"roman": "nèishǐ", "word": "内史"}, {"word": "六經皆史"}, {"word": "六经皆史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "別史"}, {"roman": "biéshǐ", "word": "别史"}, {"roman": "cìshǐ", "word": "刺史"}, {"word": "刺史天"}, {"roman": "Běishǐ", "word": "北史"}, {"word": "南史"}, {"word": "南史氏"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述歷史"}, {"roman": "kǒushù lìshǐ", "word": "口述历史"}, {"word": "史不絕書"}, {"word": "史不绝书"}, {"word": "史乘"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史冊"}, {"roman": "shǐcè", "word": "史册"}, {"roman": "shǐqiánshǐ", "word": "史前史"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前時代"}, {"roman": "shǐqián shídài", "word": "史前时代"}, {"word": "右史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "古史"}, {"word": "史可法"}, {"roman": "Shǐnúbǐ", "word": "史奴比"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史學"}, {"roman": "shǐxué", "word": "史学"}, {"roman": "shǐguān", "word": "史官"}, {"roman": "shǐjiā", "word": "史家"}, {"roman": "Shǐmìsī", "word": "史密斯"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史實"}, {"roman": "shǐshí", "word": "史实"}, {"word": "史思明"}, {"word": "史懷哲"}, {"word": "史怀哲"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史撥尼克"}, {"roman": "si2 but6 nei4 hak1", "word": "史拨尼克"}, {"word": "史文赫丁"}, {"roman": "shǐliào", "word": "史料"}, {"word": "史晨碑"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史書"}, {"roman": "shǐshū", "word": "史书"}, {"word": "史游"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史無前例"}, {"roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "word": "史无前例"}, {"word": "史特勞斯"}, {"word": "史特劳斯"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦濟蘭"}, {"roman": "Shǐwǎjìlán", "word": "史瓦济兰"}, {"roman": "Shǐcí", "word": "史祠"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史筆"}, {"roman": "shǐbǐ", "word": "史笔"}, {"word": "史籀"}, {"word": "史籀篇"}, {"roman": "shǐjí", "word": "史籍"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史萊姆"}, {"roman": "shǐláimǔ", "word": "史莱姆"}, {"word": "史蒂芬生"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史記"}, {"roman": "Shǐjì", "word": "史记"}, {"word": "史評"}, {"word": "史评"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史詩"}, {"roman": "shǐshī", "word": "史诗"}, {"word": "史賓塞"}, {"word": "史宾塞"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史跡"}, {"roman": "shǐjì", "word": "史迹"}, {"roman": "Shǐdíwēi", "word": "史迪威"}, {"word": "史通"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史達林"}, {"roman": "Shǐdálín", "word": "史达林"}, {"word": "史遷"}, {"word": "史迁"}, {"word": "史部"}, {"word": "史鈔"}, {"word": "史钞"}, {"word": "史鑑"}, {"word": "史鉴"}, {"word": "史館"}, {"word": "史馆"}, {"word": "史魚"}, {"word": "史鱼"}, {"word": "史鰌"}, {"word": "史鳅"}, {"roman": "míngchuíqīngshǐ", "word": "名垂青史"}, {"word": "名標青史"}, {"word": "名标青史"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史觀"}, {"roman": "wéiwù shǐguān", "word": "唯物史观"}, {"word": "四史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "國別史"}, {"roman": "guóbiéshǐ", "word": "国别史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "國史"}, {"roman": "guóshǐ", "word": "国史"}, {"word": "國史館"}, {"word": "国史馆"}, {"word": "地球史"}, {"roman": "wàishǐ", "word": "外史"}, {"word": "大掾史"}, {"word": "大柱史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ", "word": "太史"}, {"roman": "tàishǐ lìng", "word": "太史令"}, {"roman": "Tàishǐgōng", "word": "太史公"}, {"roman": "nǚshǐ", "word": "女史"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之亂"}, {"roman": "Ān Shǐ Zhī Luàn", "word": "安史之乱"}, {"word": "宋史"}, {"word": "將兵長史"}, {"word": "将兵长史"}, {"word": "小史"}, {"word": "左史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左圖右史"}, {"roman": "zuǒtúyòushǐ", "word": "左图右史"}, {"word": "廌史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ", "word": "御史"}, {"roman": "yùshǐ dàfū", "word": "御史大夫"}, {"word": "御史臺"}, {"word": "御史台"}, {"word": "御史雨"}, {"roman": "sīxiǎngshǐ", "word": "思想史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "戰史"}, {"roman": "zhànshǐ", "word": "战史"}, {"word": "才如史遷"}, {"word": "才如史迁"}, {"word": "政治史"}, {"word": "教育史"}, {"roman": "wénshǐ", "word": "文史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文學史"}, {"roman": "wénxuéshǐ", "word": "文学史"}, {"word": "新五代史"}, {"word": "新元史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "斷代史"}, {"roman": "duàndàishǐ", "word": "断代史"}, {"word": "書史"}, {"word": "书史"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以來"}, {"roman": "yǒushǐyǐlái", "word": "有史以来"}, {"word": "朝經暮史"}, {"word": "朝经暮史"}, {"word": "枕經藉史"}, {"word": "枕经借史"}, {"word": "柱下史"}, {"word": "樂史"}, {"word": "乐史"}, {"roman": "zhèngshǐ", "word": "正史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "歷史"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ", "word": "历史"}, {"word": "歷史劇"}, {"word": "历史剧"}, {"word": "歷史名詞"}, {"word": "历史名词"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "歷史學"}, {"roman": "lìshǐxué", "word": "历史学"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "歷史小說"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiǎoshuō", "word": "历史小说"}, {"word": "歷史年表"}, {"word": "历史年表"}, {"word": "歷史文學"}, {"word": "历史文学"}, {"word": "歷史時代"}, {"word": "历史时代"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "歷史線圖"}, {"roman": "lìshǐ xiàn tú", "word": "历史线图"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "歷史觀"}, {"roman": "lìshǐguān", "word": "历史观"}, {"word": "歷史語詞"}, {"word": "历史语词"}, {"word": "歷史重演"}, {"word": "历史重演"}, {"word": "民生史觀"}, {"word": "民生史观"}, {"word": "津史"}, {"word": "清史稿"}, {"word": "漁經獵史"}, {"word": "渔经猎史"}, {"word": "班史"}, {"word": "現代史"}, {"word": "现代史"}, {"word": "琴史"}, {"word": "畫史"}, {"word": "画史"}, {"roman": "bìngshǐ", "word": "病史"}, {"word": "監察御史"}, {"word": "监察御史"}, {"word": "眉史"}, {"roman": "gǔshǐ", "word": "瞽史"}, {"word": "石刻史料"}, {"word": "研經鑄史"}, {"word": "研经铸史"}, {"word": "硯史"}, {"word": "砚史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "祕史"}, {"roman": "mìshǐ", "word": "秘史"}, {"word": "祝史"}, {"word": "私史"}, {"word": "稗史"}, {"roman": "bàiguānyěshǐ", "word": "稗官野史"}, {"word": "穢史"}, {"word": "秽史"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "經史子集"}, {"roman": "jīngshǐzǐjí", "word": "经史子集"}, {"word": "經史笥"}, {"word": "经史笥"}, {"word": "經濟史觀"}, {"word": "经济史观"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "編年史"}, {"roman": "biānniánshǐ", "word": "编年史"}, {"word": "繡衣御史"}, {"word": "绣衣御史"}, {"word": "繹史"}, {"word": "绎史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "羅曼史"}, {"roman": "luómànshǐ", "word": "罗曼史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美術史"}, {"roman": "měishùshǐ", "word": "美术史"}, {"word": "腐史"}, {"word": "舊五代史"}, {"word": "旧五代史"}, {"roman": "liángshǐ", "word": "良史"}, {"word": "花史"}, {"word": "荷馬史詩"}, {"word": "荷马史诗"}, {"word": "蕭史"}, {"word": "萧史"}, {"word": "藏室史"}, {"word": "蘭臺令史"}, {"word": "兰台令史"}, {"word": "西洋史"}, {"word": "詠史詩"}, {"word": "咏史诗"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "詩史"}, {"roman": "shīshǐ", "word": "诗史"}, {"word": "講史"}, {"word": "讲史"}, {"word": "豔史"}, {"word": "艳史"}, {"word": "路史"}, {"word": "近世史"}, {"roman": "tōngshǐ", "word": "通史"}, {"word": "連史紙"}, {"word": "连史纸"}, {"roman": "yěshǐ", "word": "野史"}, {"word": "金史"}, {"word": "鐵面御史"}, {"word": "铁面御史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "長史"}, {"roman": "zhǎngshǐ", "word": "长史"}, {"word": "開化史"}, {"word": "开化史"}, {"word": "雜史"}, {"word": "杂史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐ", "word": "青史"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史傳名"}, {"roman": "qīngshǐchuánmíng", "word": "青史传名"}, {"word": "青史名留"}, {"word": "青史流芳"}, {"word": "青史留名"}, {"word": "韻史"}, {"word": "韵史"}, {"roman": "Línshǐ", "word": "麟史"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han pictograms"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "p"}, "expansion": "Pictogram (象形)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "又", "2": "hand"}, "expansion": "又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "中"}, "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "Unger (1990)"}, "expansion": "Unger (1990)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)"}, "expansion": "Starostin & Peiros (1996)", "name": "zh-ref"}, {"args": {"1": "史"}, "expansion": "史 (OC *srɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "理"}, "expansion": "理 (OC *rɯʔ)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "bo", "2": "འབྲི", "3": "", "4": "to write, to draw"}, "expansion": "Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Pictogram (象形) – 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a stylized flag almost identical to 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) perhaps to indicate a representative or ambassador (see its variant 吏 used in 使 to mean \"ambassador\"). As an alternative, it holds either a pen or a hunting weapon resembling similar to 中. Hence, the inner component 中 is partly unclear.\nThe whole character originally indicates the act of taking notes; today, it means \"history\". Compare 事.\n;\"to send, to employ, to cause\"\n;\"scribe, historian\"\n:Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived 史 (OC *srɯʔ) \"scribe, secretary\" from 理 (OC *rɯʔ) \"to mark, to draw lines\", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write, to draw”), apparently never meant \"to write, to record\".", "forms": [{"form": "㕜"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "史", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "歐洲史／欧洲史 ― Ōuzhōu shǐ ― European history"}, {"text": "近代史 ― jìndàishǐ ― modern history"}, {"english": "unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)", "roman": "shǐwúqiánlì", "text": "史無前例／史无前例"}], "glosses": ["history"], "links": [["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese terms with historical senses", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "動則左史書之，言則右史書之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "His actions were written down by the recorder of the Left, and his utterances by the recorder of the Right.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Dòng zé zuǒshǐ shū zhī, yán zé yòushǐ shū zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "动则左史书之，言则右史书之。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Dong Hu was a good historiographer of old time:—his rule for writing was not to conceal.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Dǒng Hú, gǔ zhī liángshǐ yě, shūfǎ bù yǐn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["court historian; scribe"], "links": [["court", "court"], ["historian", "historian"], ["scribe", "scribe"]], "raw_glosses": ["(historical) court historian; scribe"], "tags": ["historical"]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"english": "official historical records", "roman": "zhèngshǐ", "text": "正史"}, {"english": "Twenty-Four Histories", "roman": "“èrshísìshǐ”", "text": "《二十四史》"}], "glosses": ["historical record; book recording history"], "links": [["historical", "historical"], ["record", "record"], ["book", "book"], ["history", "history"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames", "Mandarin terms with collocations"], "examples": [{"text": "史可法 ― Shǐ Kěfǎ ― Shi Kefa"}], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "shi³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "сы"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "sɨ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "III"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"zh-pron": "so³"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "se²"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "su²"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shǐ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄕˇ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "shǐh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "shih³"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "shř"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "shyy"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ши"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "ši"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "xi²"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "lhu²"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "sii^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "si³"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "si²"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "sǔ"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "sṳ̄"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "so³"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "suo"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sír"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sí"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sie"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Philippines"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "sái"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "sae"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sṳ́"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "sú"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵sy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "sy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²sr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "shr³"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "sriX"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*srɯʔ/"}, {"other": "/ sír /"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/siː³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɨ³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/su²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sy³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬo⁴⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ɬɵ³³²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/si⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁵⁵⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/sai⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/sú/"}, {"ipa": "/sɯ⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/su⁵²/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩³⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/ʂʐ̩⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/sz̩⁴¹/"}, {"other": "/*s-rəʔ/"}, {"other": "/*srɯʔ/"}], "word": "史"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.