儒 (character) 儒/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儒", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "世儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrú", "word": "侏儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrúzhèng", "word": "侏儒症"}, {"word": "侏儒觀戰"}, {"word": "侏儒观战"}, {"word": "俗儒"}, {"word": "俚儒"}, {"word": "僻儒"}, {"word": "儒冠"}, {"roman": "rúshì", "word": "儒士"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒學"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒学"}, {"word": "儒宗"}, {"roman": "rújiā", "word": "儒家"}, {"word": "儒將"}, {"word": "儒将"}, {"word": "儒巾"}, {"roman": "rújiào", "word": "儒教"}, {"roman": "rúlín", "word": "儒林"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "儒業"}, {"word": "儒业"}, {"roman": "rúshēng", "word": "儒生"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略曆"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略历"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒經"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒经"}, {"roman": "rúzhě", "word": "儒者"}, {"roman": "rúgèn", "word": "儒艮"}, {"roman": "rúzàng", "word": "儒藏"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒術"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒术"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒醫"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒医"}, {"roman": "rúyǎ", "word": "儒雅"}, {"word": "儒風"}, {"word": "儒风"}, {"word": "先儒"}, {"word": "八儒"}, {"word": "博學鴻儒"}, {"word": "博学鸿儒"}, {"roman": "míngrú", "word": "名儒"}, {"roman": "huírú", "word": "回儒"}, {"word": "坑儒"}, {"word": "夙儒"}, {"roman": "dàrú", "word": "大儒"}, {"roman": "sòngrú", "word": "宋儒"}, {"word": "宏儒碩學"}, {"word": "宏儒硕学"}, {"roman": "sùrú", "word": "宿儒"}, {"word": "宿學舊儒"}, {"word": "宿学旧儒"}, {"word": "崇儒"}, {"word": "拘儒"}, {"word": "拘拘儒儒"}, {"word": "散儒"}, {"word": "新儒學"}, {"word": "新儒学"}, {"word": "溫文儒雅"}, {"word": "温文儒雅"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚書坑儒"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚书坑儒"}, {"word": "燔書坑儒"}, {"word": "燔书坑儒"}, {"word": "犬儒學派"}, {"word": "犬儒学派"}, {"word": "瑰儒"}, {"word": "當世儒宗"}, {"word": "当世儒宗"}, {"word": "盜儒"}, {"word": "盗儒"}, {"word": "瞀儒"}, {"word": "碩儒"}, {"word": "硕儒"}, {"word": "碩學通儒"}, {"word": "硕学通儒"}, {"word": "碩彥名儒"}, {"word": "硕彦名儒"}, {"word": "穴見小儒"}, {"word": "穴见小儒"}, {"word": "老儒"}, {"word": "老師宿儒"}, {"word": "老师宿儒"}, {"word": "耆儒"}, {"word": "耆儒碩德"}, {"word": "耆儒硕德"}, {"word": "耆儒碩望"}, {"word": "耆儒硕望"}, {"word": "耆儒碩老"}, {"word": "耆儒硕老"}, {"roman": "fǔrú", "word": "腐儒"}, {"word": "英儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "豎儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "竖儒"}, {"word": "賈儒商秀"}, {"word": "贾儒商秀"}, {"word": "迂儒"}, {"roman": "tōngrú", "word": "通儒"}, {"word": "醇儒"}, {"roman": "lòurú", "word": "陋儒"}, {"word": "陽儒陰釋"}, {"word": "阳儒阴释"}, {"word": "章句儒"}, {"word": "風流儒雅"}, {"word": "风流儒雅"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鴻儒"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鸿儒"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *njo"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "需", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "human"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "儒", "2": "sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians"}, "expansion": "儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "柔", "2": "soft"}, "expansion": "柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "懦", "2": "weak, timid"}, "expansion": "懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).\nOrigin obscure. Chen (2013) – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links 儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) and 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) \"probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility\".", "forms": [{"form": "㐵"}, {"form": "偄"}, {"form": "𠍶"}, {"form": "𪝥"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儒", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Rúlín wàishǐ", "text": "儒林外史", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["scholar; learned person"], "links": [["scholar", "scholar"], ["learned", "learned"], ["person", "person"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called \"clever.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE", "roman": "Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuē rú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucian; Ruist"], "links": [["Confucian", "Confucian"], ["Ruist", "Ruist"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucianism; Ruism"], "links": [["Confucianism", "Confucianism"], ["Ruism", "Ruism"]]}, {"glosses": ["weak; cowardly"], "links": [["weak", "weak"], ["cowardly", "cowardly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "jyu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ru⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"zh-pron": "y²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ju²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "ru"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "жу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "žu"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rhu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "yùh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jy⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "yu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "r"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "luu"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "juu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "jii"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "zy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³zr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "y²"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "nyu"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*no/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*njo/"}, {"other": "/ jû /"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/"}, {"other": "/*no/"}, {"other": "/*njo/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen Jiezi", "Xu Shen"], "word": "儒"}
儒 (character) 儒/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儒", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "世儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrú", "word": "侏儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrúzhèng", "word": "侏儒症"}, {"word": "侏儒觀戰"}, {"word": "侏儒观战"}, {"word": "俗儒"}, {"word": "俚儒"}, {"word": "僻儒"}, {"word": "儒冠"}, {"roman": "rúshì", "word": "儒士"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒學"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒学"}, {"word": "儒宗"}, {"roman": "rújiā", "word": "儒家"}, {"word": "儒將"}, {"word": "儒将"}, {"word": "儒巾"}, {"roman": "rújiào", "word": "儒教"}, {"roman": "rúlín", "word": "儒林"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "儒業"}, {"word": "儒业"}, {"roman": "rúshēng", "word": "儒生"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略曆"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略历"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒經"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒经"}, {"roman": "rúzhě", "word": "儒者"}, {"roman": "rúgèn", "word": "儒艮"}, {"roman": "rúzàng", "word": "儒藏"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒術"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒术"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒醫"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒医"}, {"roman": "rúyǎ", "word": "儒雅"}, {"word": "儒風"}, {"word": "儒风"}, {"word": "先儒"}, {"word": "八儒"}, {"word": "博學鴻儒"}, {"word": "博学鸿儒"}, {"roman": "míngrú", "word": "名儒"}, {"roman": "huírú", "word": "回儒"}, {"word": "坑儒"}, {"word": "夙儒"}, {"roman": "dàrú", "word": "大儒"}, {"roman": "sòngrú", "word": "宋儒"}, {"word": "宏儒碩學"}, {"word": "宏儒硕学"}, {"roman": "sùrú", "word": "宿儒"}, {"word": "宿學舊儒"}, {"word": "宿学旧儒"}, {"word": "崇儒"}, {"word": "拘儒"}, {"word": "拘拘儒儒"}, {"word": "散儒"}, {"word": "新儒學"}, {"word": "新儒学"}, {"word": "溫文儒雅"}, {"word": "温文儒雅"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚書坑儒"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚书坑儒"}, {"word": "燔書坑儒"}, {"word": "燔书坑儒"}, {"word": "犬儒學派"}, {"word": "犬儒学派"}, {"word": "瑰儒"}, {"word": "當世儒宗"}, {"word": "当世儒宗"}, {"word": "盜儒"}, {"word": "盗儒"}, {"word": "瞀儒"}, {"word": "碩儒"}, {"word": "硕儒"}, {"word": "碩學通儒"}, {"word": "硕学通儒"}, {"word": "碩彥名儒"}, {"word": "硕彦名儒"}, {"word": "穴見小儒"}, {"word": "穴见小儒"}, {"word": "老儒"}, {"word": "老師宿儒"}, {"word": "老师宿儒"}, {"word": "耆儒"}, {"word": "耆儒碩德"}, {"word": "耆儒硕德"}, {"word": "耆儒碩望"}, {"word": "耆儒硕望"}, {"word": "耆儒碩老"}, {"word": "耆儒硕老"}, {"roman": "fǔrú", "word": "腐儒"}, {"word": "英儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "豎儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "竖儒"}, {"word": "賈儒商秀"}, {"word": "贾儒商秀"}, {"word": "迂儒"}, {"roman": "tōngrú", "word": "通儒"}, {"word": "醇儒"}, {"roman": "lòurú", "word": "陋儒"}, {"word": "陽儒陰釋"}, {"word": "阳儒阴释"}, {"word": "章句儒"}, {"word": "風流儒雅"}, {"word": "风流儒雅"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鴻儒"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鸿儒"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *njo"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "需", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "human"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "儒", "2": "sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians"}, "expansion": "儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "柔", "2": "soft"}, "expansion": "柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "懦", "2": "weak, timid"}, "expansion": "懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).\nOrigin obscure. Chen (2013) – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links 儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) and 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) \"probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility\".", "forms": [{"form": "㐵"}, {"form": "偄"}, {"form": "𠍶"}, {"form": "𪝥"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儒", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Rúlín wàishǐ", "text": "儒林外史", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["scholar; learned person"], "links": [["scholar", "scholar"], ["learned", "learned"], ["person", "person"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called \"clever.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE", "roman": "Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuē rú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucian; Ruist"], "links": [["Confucian", "Confucian"], ["Ruist", "Ruist"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucianism; Ruism"], "links": [["Confucianism", "Confucianism"], ["Ruism", "Ruism"]]}, {"glosses": ["weak; cowardly"], "links": [["weak", "weak"], ["cowardly", "cowardly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "jyu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ru⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"zh-pron": "y²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ju²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "ru"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "жу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "žu"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rhu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "yùh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jy⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "yu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "r"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "luu"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "juu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "jii"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "zy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³zr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "y²"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "nyu"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*no/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*njo/"}, {"other": "/ jû /"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/"}, {"other": "/*no/"}, {"other": "/*njo/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen Jiezi", "Xu Shen"], "word": "儒"}
儒 (character) 儒/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儒", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "世儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrú", "word": "侏儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrúzhèng", "word": "侏儒症"}, {"word": "侏儒觀戰"}, {"word": "侏儒观战"}, {"word": "俗儒"}, {"word": "俚儒"}, {"word": "僻儒"}, {"word": "儒冠"}, {"roman": "rúshì", "word": "儒士"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒學"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒学"}, {"word": "儒宗"}, {"roman": "rújiā", "word": "儒家"}, {"word": "儒將"}, {"word": "儒将"}, {"word": "儒巾"}, {"roman": "rújiào", "word": "儒教"}, {"roman": "rúlín", "word": "儒林"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "儒業"}, {"word": "儒业"}, {"roman": "rúshēng", "word": "儒生"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略曆"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略历"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒經"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒经"}, {"roman": "rúzhě", "word": "儒者"}, {"roman": "rúgèn", "word": "儒艮"}, {"roman": "rúzàng", "word": "儒藏"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒術"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒术"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒醫"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒医"}, {"roman": "rúyǎ", "word": "儒雅"}, {"word": "儒風"}, {"word": "儒风"}, {"word": "先儒"}, {"word": "八儒"}, {"word": "博學鴻儒"}, {"word": "博学鸿儒"}, {"roman": "míngrú", "word": "名儒"}, {"roman": "huírú", "word": "回儒"}, {"word": "坑儒"}, {"word": "夙儒"}, {"roman": "dàrú", "word": "大儒"}, {"roman": "sòngrú", "word": "宋儒"}, {"word": "宏儒碩學"}, {"word": "宏儒硕学"}, {"roman": "sùrú", "word": "宿儒"}, {"word": "宿學舊儒"}, {"word": "宿学旧儒"}, {"word": "崇儒"}, {"word": "拘儒"}, {"word": "拘拘儒儒"}, {"word": "散儒"}, {"word": "新儒學"}, {"word": "新儒学"}, {"word": "溫文儒雅"}, {"word": "温文儒雅"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚書坑儒"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚书坑儒"}, {"word": "燔書坑儒"}, {"word": "燔书坑儒"}, {"word": "犬儒學派"}, {"word": "犬儒学派"}, {"word": "瑰儒"}, {"word": "當世儒宗"}, {"word": "当世儒宗"}, {"word": "盜儒"}, {"word": "盗儒"}, {"word": "瞀儒"}, {"word": "碩儒"}, {"word": "硕儒"}, {"word": "碩學通儒"}, {"word": "硕学通儒"}, {"word": "碩彥名儒"}, {"word": "硕彦名儒"}, {"word": "穴見小儒"}, {"word": "穴见小儒"}, {"word": "老儒"}, {"word": "老師宿儒"}, {"word": "老师宿儒"}, {"word": "耆儒"}, {"word": "耆儒碩德"}, {"word": "耆儒硕德"}, {"word": "耆儒碩望"}, {"word": "耆儒硕望"}, {"word": "耆儒碩老"}, {"word": "耆儒硕老"}, {"roman": "fǔrú", "word": "腐儒"}, {"word": "英儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "豎儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "竖儒"}, {"word": "賈儒商秀"}, {"word": "贾儒商秀"}, {"word": "迂儒"}, {"roman": "tōngrú", "word": "通儒"}, {"word": "醇儒"}, {"roman": "lòurú", "word": "陋儒"}, {"word": "陽儒陰釋"}, {"word": "阳儒阴释"}, {"word": "章句儒"}, {"word": "風流儒雅"}, {"word": "风流儒雅"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鴻儒"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鸿儒"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *njo"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "需", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "human"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "儒", "2": "sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians"}, "expansion": "儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "柔", "2": "soft"}, "expansion": "柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "懦", "2": "weak, timid"}, "expansion": "懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).\nOrigin obscure. Chen (2013) – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links 儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) and 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) \"probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility\".", "forms": [{"form": "㐵"}, {"form": "偄"}, {"form": "𠍶"}, {"form": "𪝥"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儒", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Rúlín wàishǐ", "text": "儒林外史", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["scholar; learned person"], "links": [["scholar", "scholar"], ["learned", "learned"], ["person", "person"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called \"clever.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE", "roman": "Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuē rú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucian; Ruist"], "links": [["Confucian", "Confucian"], ["Ruist", "Ruist"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucianism; Ruism"], "links": [["Confucianism", "Confucianism"], ["Ruism", "Ruism"]]}, {"glosses": ["weak; cowardly"], "links": [["weak", "weak"], ["cowardly", "cowardly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "jyu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ru⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"zh-pron": "y²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ju²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "ru"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "жу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "žu"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rhu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "yùh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jy⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "yu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "r"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "luu"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "juu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "jii"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "zy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³zr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "y²"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "nyu"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*no/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*njo/"}, {"other": "/ jû /"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/"}, {"other": "/*no/"}, {"other": "/*njo/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen Jiezi", "Xu Shen"], "word": "儒"}
儒 (character) 儒/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儒", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "世儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrú", "word": "侏儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrúzhèng", "word": "侏儒症"}, {"word": "侏儒觀戰"}, {"word": "侏儒观战"}, {"word": "俗儒"}, {"word": "俚儒"}, {"word": "僻儒"}, {"word": "儒冠"}, {"roman": "rúshì", "word": "儒士"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒學"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒学"}, {"word": "儒宗"}, {"roman": "rújiā", "word": "儒家"}, {"word": "儒將"}, {"word": "儒将"}, {"word": "儒巾"}, {"roman": "rújiào", "word": "儒教"}, {"roman": "rúlín", "word": "儒林"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "儒業"}, {"word": "儒业"}, {"roman": "rúshēng", "word": "儒生"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略曆"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略历"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒經"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒经"}, {"roman": "rúzhě", "word": "儒者"}, {"roman": "rúgèn", "word": "儒艮"}, {"roman": "rúzàng", "word": "儒藏"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒術"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒术"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒醫"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒医"}, {"roman": "rúyǎ", "word": "儒雅"}, {"word": "儒風"}, {"word": "儒风"}, {"word": "先儒"}, {"word": "八儒"}, {"word": "博學鴻儒"}, {"word": "博学鸿儒"}, {"roman": "míngrú", "word": "名儒"}, {"roman": "huírú", "word": "回儒"}, {"word": "坑儒"}, {"word": "夙儒"}, {"roman": "dàrú", "word": "大儒"}, {"roman": "sòngrú", "word": "宋儒"}, {"word": "宏儒碩學"}, {"word": "宏儒硕学"}, {"roman": "sùrú", "word": "宿儒"}, {"word": "宿學舊儒"}, {"word": "宿学旧儒"}, {"word": "崇儒"}, {"word": "拘儒"}, {"word": "拘拘儒儒"}, {"word": "散儒"}, {"word": "新儒學"}, {"word": "新儒学"}, {"word": "溫文儒雅"}, {"word": "温文儒雅"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚書坑儒"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚书坑儒"}, {"word": "燔書坑儒"}, {"word": "燔书坑儒"}, {"word": "犬儒學派"}, {"word": "犬儒学派"}, {"word": "瑰儒"}, {"word": "當世儒宗"}, {"word": "当世儒宗"}, {"word": "盜儒"}, {"word": "盗儒"}, {"word": "瞀儒"}, {"word": "碩儒"}, {"word": "硕儒"}, {"word": "碩學通儒"}, {"word": "硕学通儒"}, {"word": "碩彥名儒"}, {"word": "硕彦名儒"}, {"word": "穴見小儒"}, {"word": "穴见小儒"}, {"word": "老儒"}, {"word": "老師宿儒"}, {"word": "老师宿儒"}, {"word": "耆儒"}, {"word": "耆儒碩德"}, {"word": "耆儒硕德"}, {"word": "耆儒碩望"}, {"word": "耆儒硕望"}, {"word": "耆儒碩老"}, {"word": "耆儒硕老"}, {"roman": "fǔrú", "word": "腐儒"}, {"word": "英儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "豎儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "竖儒"}, {"word": "賈儒商秀"}, {"word": "贾儒商秀"}, {"word": "迂儒"}, {"roman": "tōngrú", "word": "通儒"}, {"word": "醇儒"}, {"roman": "lòurú", "word": "陋儒"}, {"word": "陽儒陰釋"}, {"word": "阳儒阴释"}, {"word": "章句儒"}, {"word": "風流儒雅"}, {"word": "风流儒雅"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鴻儒"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鸿儒"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *njo"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "需", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "human"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "儒", "2": "sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians"}, "expansion": "儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "柔", "2": "soft"}, "expansion": "柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "懦", "2": "weak, timid"}, "expansion": "懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).\nOrigin obscure. Chen (2013) – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links 儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) and 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) \"probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility\".", "forms": [{"form": "㐵"}, {"form": "偄"}, {"form": "𠍶"}, {"form": "𪝥"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儒", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Rúlín wàishǐ", "text": "儒林外史", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["scholar; learned person"], "links": [["scholar", "scholar"], ["learned", "learned"], ["person", "person"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called \"clever.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE", "roman": "Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuē rú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucian; Ruist"], "links": [["Confucian", "Confucian"], ["Ruist", "Ruist"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucianism; Ruism"], "links": [["Confucianism", "Confucianism"], ["Ruism", "Ruism"]]}, {"glosses": ["weak; cowardly"], "links": [["weak", "weak"], ["cowardly", "cowardly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "jyu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ru⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"zh-pron": "y²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ju²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "ru"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "жу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "žu"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rhu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "yùh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jy⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "yu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "r"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "luu"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "juu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "jii"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "zy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³zr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "y²"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "nyu"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*no/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*njo/"}, {"other": "/ jû /"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/"}, {"other": "/*no/"}, {"other": "/*njo/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen Jiezi", "Xu Shen"], "word": "儒"}
儒 (character) 儒/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儒", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "世儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrú", "word": "侏儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrúzhèng", "word": "侏儒症"}, {"word": "侏儒觀戰"}, {"word": "侏儒观战"}, {"word": "俗儒"}, {"word": "俚儒"}, {"word": "僻儒"}, {"word": "儒冠"}, {"roman": "rúshì", "word": "儒士"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒學"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒学"}, {"word": "儒宗"}, {"roman": "rújiā", "word": "儒家"}, {"word": "儒將"}, {"word": "儒将"}, {"word": "儒巾"}, {"roman": "rújiào", "word": "儒教"}, {"roman": "rúlín", "word": "儒林"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "儒業"}, {"word": "儒业"}, {"roman": "rúshēng", "word": "儒生"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略曆"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略历"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒經"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒经"}, {"roman": "rúzhě", "word": "儒者"}, {"roman": "rúgèn", "word": "儒艮"}, {"roman": "rúzàng", "word": "儒藏"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒術"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒术"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒醫"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒医"}, {"roman": "rúyǎ", "word": "儒雅"}, {"word": "儒風"}, {"word": "儒风"}, {"word": "先儒"}, {"word": "八儒"}, {"word": "博學鴻儒"}, {"word": "博学鸿儒"}, {"roman": "míngrú", "word": "名儒"}, {"roman": "huírú", "word": "回儒"}, {"word": "坑儒"}, {"word": "夙儒"}, {"roman": "dàrú", "word": "大儒"}, {"roman": "sòngrú", "word": "宋儒"}, {"word": "宏儒碩學"}, {"word": "宏儒硕学"}, {"roman": "sùrú", "word": "宿儒"}, {"word": "宿學舊儒"}, {"word": "宿学旧儒"}, {"word": "崇儒"}, {"word": "拘儒"}, {"word": "拘拘儒儒"}, {"word": "散儒"}, {"word": "新儒學"}, {"word": "新儒学"}, {"word": "溫文儒雅"}, {"word": "温文儒雅"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚書坑儒"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚书坑儒"}, {"word": "燔書坑儒"}, {"word": "燔书坑儒"}, {"word": "犬儒學派"}, {"word": "犬儒学派"}, {"word": "瑰儒"}, {"word": "當世儒宗"}, {"word": "当世儒宗"}, {"word": "盜儒"}, {"word": "盗儒"}, {"word": "瞀儒"}, {"word": "碩儒"}, {"word": "硕儒"}, {"word": "碩學通儒"}, {"word": "硕学通儒"}, {"word": "碩彥名儒"}, {"word": "硕彦名儒"}, {"word": "穴見小儒"}, {"word": "穴见小儒"}, {"word": "老儒"}, {"word": "老師宿儒"}, {"word": "老师宿儒"}, {"word": "耆儒"}, {"word": "耆儒碩德"}, {"word": "耆儒硕德"}, {"word": "耆儒碩望"}, {"word": "耆儒硕望"}, {"word": "耆儒碩老"}, {"word": "耆儒硕老"}, {"roman": "fǔrú", "word": "腐儒"}, {"word": "英儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "豎儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "竖儒"}, {"word": "賈儒商秀"}, {"word": "贾儒商秀"}, {"word": "迂儒"}, {"roman": "tōngrú", "word": "通儒"}, {"word": "醇儒"}, {"roman": "lòurú", "word": "陋儒"}, {"word": "陽儒陰釋"}, {"word": "阳儒阴释"}, {"word": "章句儒"}, {"word": "風流儒雅"}, {"word": "风流儒雅"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鴻儒"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鸿儒"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *njo"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "需", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "human"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "儒", "2": "sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians"}, "expansion": "儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "柔", "2": "soft"}, "expansion": "柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "懦", "2": "weak, timid"}, "expansion": "懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).\nOrigin obscure. Chen (2013) – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links 儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) and 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) \"probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility\".", "forms": [{"form": "㐵"}, {"form": "偄"}, {"form": "𠍶"}, {"form": "𪝥"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儒", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Rúlín wàishǐ", "text": "儒林外史", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["scholar; learned person"], "links": [["scholar", "scholar"], ["learned", "learned"], ["person", "person"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called \"clever.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE", "roman": "Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuē rú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucian; Ruist"], "links": [["Confucian", "Confucian"], ["Ruist", "Ruist"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucianism; Ruism"], "links": [["Confucianism", "Confucianism"], ["Ruism", "Ruism"]]}, {"glosses": ["weak; cowardly"], "links": [["weak", "weak"], ["cowardly", "cowardly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "jyu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ru⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"zh-pron": "y²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ju²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "ru"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "жу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "žu"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rhu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "yùh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jy⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "yu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "r"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "luu"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "juu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "jii"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "zy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³zr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "y²"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "nyu"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*no/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*njo/"}, {"other": "/ jû /"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/"}, {"other": "/*no/"}, {"other": "/*njo/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen Jiezi", "Xu Shen"], "word": "儒"}
儒 (character) 儒/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儒", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "世儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrú", "word": "侏儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrúzhèng", "word": "侏儒症"}, {"word": "侏儒觀戰"}, {"word": "侏儒观战"}, {"word": "俗儒"}, {"word": "俚儒"}, {"word": "僻儒"}, {"word": "儒冠"}, {"roman": "rúshì", "word": "儒士"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒學"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒学"}, {"word": "儒宗"}, {"roman": "rújiā", "word": "儒家"}, {"word": "儒將"}, {"word": "儒将"}, {"word": "儒巾"}, {"roman": "rújiào", "word": "儒教"}, {"roman": "rúlín", "word": "儒林"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "儒業"}, {"word": "儒业"}, {"roman": "rúshēng", "word": "儒生"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略曆"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略历"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒經"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒经"}, {"roman": "rúzhě", "word": "儒者"}, {"roman": "rúgèn", "word": "儒艮"}, {"roman": "rúzàng", "word": "儒藏"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒術"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒术"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒醫"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒医"}, {"roman": "rúyǎ", "word": "儒雅"}, {"word": "儒風"}, {"word": "儒风"}, {"word": "先儒"}, {"word": "八儒"}, {"word": "博學鴻儒"}, {"word": "博学鸿儒"}, {"roman": "míngrú", "word": "名儒"}, {"roman": "huírú", "word": "回儒"}, {"word": "坑儒"}, {"word": "夙儒"}, {"roman": "dàrú", "word": "大儒"}, {"roman": "sòngrú", "word": "宋儒"}, {"word": "宏儒碩學"}, {"word": "宏儒硕学"}, {"roman": "sùrú", "word": "宿儒"}, {"word": "宿學舊儒"}, {"word": "宿学旧儒"}, {"word": "崇儒"}, {"word": "拘儒"}, {"word": "拘拘儒儒"}, {"word": "散儒"}, {"word": "新儒學"}, {"word": "新儒学"}, {"word": "溫文儒雅"}, {"word": "温文儒雅"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚書坑儒"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚书坑儒"}, {"word": "燔書坑儒"}, {"word": "燔书坑儒"}, {"word": "犬儒學派"}, {"word": "犬儒学派"}, {"word": "瑰儒"}, {"word": "當世儒宗"}, {"word": "当世儒宗"}, {"word": "盜儒"}, {"word": "盗儒"}, {"word": "瞀儒"}, {"word": "碩儒"}, {"word": "硕儒"}, {"word": "碩學通儒"}, {"word": "硕学通儒"}, {"word": "碩彥名儒"}, {"word": "硕彦名儒"}, {"word": "穴見小儒"}, {"word": "穴见小儒"}, {"word": "老儒"}, {"word": "老師宿儒"}, {"word": "老师宿儒"}, {"word": "耆儒"}, {"word": "耆儒碩德"}, {"word": "耆儒硕德"}, {"word": "耆儒碩望"}, {"word": "耆儒硕望"}, {"word": "耆儒碩老"}, {"word": "耆儒硕老"}, {"roman": "fǔrú", "word": "腐儒"}, {"word": "英儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "豎儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "竖儒"}, {"word": "賈儒商秀"}, {"word": "贾儒商秀"}, {"word": "迂儒"}, {"roman": "tōngrú", "word": "通儒"}, {"word": "醇儒"}, {"roman": "lòurú", "word": "陋儒"}, {"word": "陽儒陰釋"}, {"word": "阳儒阴释"}, {"word": "章句儒"}, {"word": "風流儒雅"}, {"word": "风流儒雅"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鴻儒"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鸿儒"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *njo"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "需", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "human"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "儒", "2": "sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians"}, "expansion": "儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "柔", "2": "soft"}, "expansion": "柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "懦", "2": "weak, timid"}, "expansion": "懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).\nOrigin obscure. Chen (2013) – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links 儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) and 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) \"probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility\".", "forms": [{"form": "㐵"}, {"form": "偄"}, {"form": "𠍶"}, {"form": "𪝥"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儒", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Rúlín wàishǐ", "text": "儒林外史", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["scholar; learned person"], "links": [["scholar", "scholar"], ["learned", "learned"], ["person", "person"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called \"clever.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE", "roman": "Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuē rú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucian; Ruist"], "links": [["Confucian", "Confucian"], ["Ruist", "Ruist"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucianism; Ruism"], "links": [["Confucianism", "Confucianism"], ["Ruism", "Ruism"]]}, {"glosses": ["weak; cowardly"], "links": [["weak", "weak"], ["cowardly", "cowardly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "jyu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ru⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"zh-pron": "y²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ju²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "ru"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "жу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "žu"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rhu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "yùh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jy⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "yu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "r"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "luu"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "juu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "jii"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "zy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³zr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "y²"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "nyu"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*no/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*njo/"}, {"other": "/ jû /"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/"}, {"other": "/*no/"}, {"other": "/*njo/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen Jiezi", "Xu Shen"], "word": "儒"}
儒 (character) 儒/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儒", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "世儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrú", "word": "侏儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrúzhèng", "word": "侏儒症"}, {"word": "侏儒觀戰"}, {"word": "侏儒观战"}, {"word": "俗儒"}, {"word": "俚儒"}, {"word": "僻儒"}, {"word": "儒冠"}, {"roman": "rúshì", "word": "儒士"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒學"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒学"}, {"word": "儒宗"}, {"roman": "rújiā", "word": "儒家"}, {"word": "儒將"}, {"word": "儒将"}, {"word": "儒巾"}, {"roman": "rújiào", "word": "儒教"}, {"roman": "rúlín", "word": "儒林"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "儒業"}, {"word": "儒业"}, {"roman": "rúshēng", "word": "儒生"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略曆"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略历"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒經"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒经"}, {"roman": "rúzhě", "word": "儒者"}, {"roman": "rúgèn", "word": "儒艮"}, {"roman": "rúzàng", "word": "儒藏"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒術"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒术"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒醫"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒医"}, {"roman": "rúyǎ", "word": "儒雅"}, {"word": "儒風"}, {"word": "儒风"}, {"word": "先儒"}, {"word": "八儒"}, {"word": "博學鴻儒"}, {"word": "博学鸿儒"}, {"roman": "míngrú", "word": "名儒"}, {"roman": "huírú", "word": "回儒"}, {"word": "坑儒"}, {"word": "夙儒"}, {"roman": "dàrú", "word": "大儒"}, {"roman": "sòngrú", "word": "宋儒"}, {"word": "宏儒碩學"}, {"word": "宏儒硕学"}, {"roman": "sùrú", "word": "宿儒"}, {"word": "宿學舊儒"}, {"word": "宿学旧儒"}, {"word": "崇儒"}, {"word": "拘儒"}, {"word": "拘拘儒儒"}, {"word": "散儒"}, {"word": "新儒學"}, {"word": "新儒学"}, {"word": "溫文儒雅"}, {"word": "温文儒雅"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚書坑儒"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚书坑儒"}, {"word": "燔書坑儒"}, {"word": "燔书坑儒"}, {"word": "犬儒學派"}, {"word": "犬儒学派"}, {"word": "瑰儒"}, {"word": "當世儒宗"}, {"word": "当世儒宗"}, {"word": "盜儒"}, {"word": "盗儒"}, {"word": "瞀儒"}, {"word": "碩儒"}, {"word": "硕儒"}, {"word": "碩學通儒"}, {"word": "硕学通儒"}, {"word": "碩彥名儒"}, {"word": "硕彦名儒"}, {"word": "穴見小儒"}, {"word": "穴见小儒"}, {"word": "老儒"}, {"word": "老師宿儒"}, {"word": "老师宿儒"}, {"word": "耆儒"}, {"word": "耆儒碩德"}, {"word": "耆儒硕德"}, {"word": "耆儒碩望"}, {"word": "耆儒硕望"}, {"word": "耆儒碩老"}, {"word": "耆儒硕老"}, {"roman": "fǔrú", "word": "腐儒"}, {"word": "英儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "豎儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "竖儒"}, {"word": "賈儒商秀"}, {"word": "贾儒商秀"}, {"word": "迂儒"}, {"roman": "tōngrú", "word": "通儒"}, {"word": "醇儒"}, {"roman": "lòurú", "word": "陋儒"}, {"word": "陽儒陰釋"}, {"word": "阳儒阴释"}, {"word": "章句儒"}, {"word": "風流儒雅"}, {"word": "风流儒雅"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鴻儒"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鸿儒"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *njo"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "需", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "human"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "儒", "2": "sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians"}, "expansion": "儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "柔", "2": "soft"}, "expansion": "柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "懦", "2": "weak, timid"}, "expansion": "懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).\nOrigin obscure. Chen (2013) – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links 儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) and 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) \"probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility\".", "forms": [{"form": "㐵"}, {"form": "偄"}, {"form": "𠍶"}, {"form": "𪝥"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儒", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Rúlín wàishǐ", "text": "儒林外史", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["scholar; learned person"], "links": [["scholar", "scholar"], ["learned", "learned"], ["person", "person"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called \"clever.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE", "roman": "Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuē rú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucian; Ruist"], "links": [["Confucian", "Confucian"], ["Ruist", "Ruist"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucianism; Ruism"], "links": [["Confucianism", "Confucianism"], ["Ruism", "Ruism"]]}, {"glosses": ["weak; cowardly"], "links": [["weak", "weak"], ["cowardly", "cowardly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "jyu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ru⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"zh-pron": "y²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ju²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "ru"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "жу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "žu"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rhu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "yùh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jy⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "yu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "r"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "luu"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "juu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "jii"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "zy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³zr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "y²"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "nyu"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*no/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*njo/"}, {"other": "/ jû /"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/"}, {"other": "/*no/"}, {"other": "/*njo/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen Jiezi", "Xu Shen"], "word": "儒"}
儒 (character) 儒/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儒", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "世儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrú", "word": "侏儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrúzhèng", "word": "侏儒症"}, {"word": "侏儒觀戰"}, {"word": "侏儒观战"}, {"word": "俗儒"}, {"word": "俚儒"}, {"word": "僻儒"}, {"word": "儒冠"}, {"roman": "rúshì", "word": "儒士"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒學"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒学"}, {"word": "儒宗"}, {"roman": "rújiā", "word": "儒家"}, {"word": "儒將"}, {"word": "儒将"}, {"word": "儒巾"}, {"roman": "rújiào", "word": "儒教"}, {"roman": "rúlín", "word": "儒林"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "儒業"}, {"word": "儒业"}, {"roman": "rúshēng", "word": "儒生"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略曆"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略历"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒經"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒经"}, {"roman": "rúzhě", "word": "儒者"}, {"roman": "rúgèn", "word": "儒艮"}, {"roman": "rúzàng", "word": "儒藏"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒術"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒术"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒醫"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒医"}, {"roman": "rúyǎ", "word": "儒雅"}, {"word": "儒風"}, {"word": "儒风"}, {"word": "先儒"}, {"word": "八儒"}, {"word": "博學鴻儒"}, {"word": "博学鸿儒"}, {"roman": "míngrú", "word": "名儒"}, {"roman": "huírú", "word": "回儒"}, {"word": "坑儒"}, {"word": "夙儒"}, {"roman": "dàrú", "word": "大儒"}, {"roman": "sòngrú", "word": "宋儒"}, {"word": "宏儒碩學"}, {"word": "宏儒硕学"}, {"roman": "sùrú", "word": "宿儒"}, {"word": "宿學舊儒"}, {"word": "宿学旧儒"}, {"word": "崇儒"}, {"word": "拘儒"}, {"word": "拘拘儒儒"}, {"word": "散儒"}, {"word": "新儒學"}, {"word": "新儒学"}, {"word": "溫文儒雅"}, {"word": "温文儒雅"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚書坑儒"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚书坑儒"}, {"word": "燔書坑儒"}, {"word": "燔书坑儒"}, {"word": "犬儒學派"}, {"word": "犬儒学派"}, {"word": "瑰儒"}, {"word": "當世儒宗"}, {"word": "当世儒宗"}, {"word": "盜儒"}, {"word": "盗儒"}, {"word": "瞀儒"}, {"word": "碩儒"}, {"word": "硕儒"}, {"word": "碩學通儒"}, {"word": "硕学通儒"}, {"word": "碩彥名儒"}, {"word": "硕彦名儒"}, {"word": "穴見小儒"}, {"word": "穴见小儒"}, {"word": "老儒"}, {"word": "老師宿儒"}, {"word": "老师宿儒"}, {"word": "耆儒"}, {"word": "耆儒碩德"}, {"word": "耆儒硕德"}, {"word": "耆儒碩望"}, {"word": "耆儒硕望"}, {"word": "耆儒碩老"}, {"word": "耆儒硕老"}, {"roman": "fǔrú", "word": "腐儒"}, {"word": "英儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "豎儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "竖儒"}, {"word": "賈儒商秀"}, {"word": "贾儒商秀"}, {"word": "迂儒"}, {"roman": "tōngrú", "word": "通儒"}, {"word": "醇儒"}, {"roman": "lòurú", "word": "陋儒"}, {"word": "陽儒陰釋"}, {"word": "阳儒阴释"}, {"word": "章句儒"}, {"word": "風流儒雅"}, {"word": "风流儒雅"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鴻儒"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鸿儒"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *njo"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "需", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "human"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "儒", "2": "sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians"}, "expansion": "儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "柔", "2": "soft"}, "expansion": "柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "懦", "2": "weak, timid"}, "expansion": "懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).\nOrigin obscure. Chen (2013) – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links 儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) and 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) \"probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility\".", "forms": [{"form": "㐵"}, {"form": "偄"}, {"form": "𠍶"}, {"form": "𪝥"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儒", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Rúlín wàishǐ", "text": "儒林外史", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["scholar; learned person"], "links": [["scholar", "scholar"], ["learned", "learned"], ["person", "person"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called \"clever.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE", "roman": "Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuē rú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucian; Ruist"], "links": [["Confucian", "Confucian"], ["Ruist", "Ruist"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucianism; Ruism"], "links": [["Confucianism", "Confucianism"], ["Ruism", "Ruism"]]}, {"glosses": ["weak; cowardly"], "links": [["weak", "weak"], ["cowardly", "cowardly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "jyu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ru⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"zh-pron": "y²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ju²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "ru"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "жу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "žu"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rhu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "yùh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jy⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "yu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "r"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "luu"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "juu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "jii"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "zy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³zr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "y²"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "nyu"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*no/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*njo/"}, {"other": "/ jû /"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/"}, {"other": "/*no/"}, {"other": "/*njo/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen Jiezi", "Xu Shen"], "word": "儒"}
儒 (character) 儒/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儒", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "世儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrú", "word": "侏儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrúzhèng", "word": "侏儒症"}, {"word": "侏儒觀戰"}, {"word": "侏儒观战"}, {"word": "俗儒"}, {"word": "俚儒"}, {"word": "僻儒"}, {"word": "儒冠"}, {"roman": "rúshì", "word": "儒士"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒學"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒学"}, {"word": "儒宗"}, {"roman": "rújiā", "word": "儒家"}, {"word": "儒將"}, {"word": "儒将"}, {"word": "儒巾"}, {"roman": "rújiào", "word": "儒教"}, {"roman": "rúlín", "word": "儒林"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "儒業"}, {"word": "儒业"}, {"roman": "rúshēng", "word": "儒生"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略曆"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略历"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒經"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒经"}, {"roman": "rúzhě", "word": "儒者"}, {"roman": "rúgèn", "word": "儒艮"}, {"roman": "rúzàng", "word": "儒藏"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒術"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒术"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒醫"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒医"}, {"roman": "rúyǎ", "word": "儒雅"}, {"word": "儒風"}, {"word": "儒风"}, {"word": "先儒"}, {"word": "八儒"}, {"word": "博學鴻儒"}, {"word": "博学鸿儒"}, {"roman": "míngrú", "word": "名儒"}, {"roman": "huírú", "word": "回儒"}, {"word": "坑儒"}, {"word": "夙儒"}, {"roman": "dàrú", "word": "大儒"}, {"roman": "sòngrú", "word": "宋儒"}, {"word": "宏儒碩學"}, {"word": "宏儒硕学"}, {"roman": "sùrú", "word": "宿儒"}, {"word": "宿學舊儒"}, {"word": "宿学旧儒"}, {"word": "崇儒"}, {"word": "拘儒"}, {"word": "拘拘儒儒"}, {"word": "散儒"}, {"word": "新儒學"}, {"word": "新儒学"}, {"word": "溫文儒雅"}, {"word": "温文儒雅"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚書坑儒"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚书坑儒"}, {"word": "燔書坑儒"}, {"word": "燔书坑儒"}, {"word": "犬儒學派"}, {"word": "犬儒学派"}, {"word": "瑰儒"}, {"word": "當世儒宗"}, {"word": "当世儒宗"}, {"word": "盜儒"}, {"word": "盗儒"}, {"word": "瞀儒"}, {"word": "碩儒"}, {"word": "硕儒"}, {"word": "碩學通儒"}, {"word": "硕学通儒"}, {"word": "碩彥名儒"}, {"word": "硕彦名儒"}, {"word": "穴見小儒"}, {"word": "穴见小儒"}, {"word": "老儒"}, {"word": "老師宿儒"}, {"word": "老师宿儒"}, {"word": "耆儒"}, {"word": "耆儒碩德"}, {"word": "耆儒硕德"}, {"word": "耆儒碩望"}, {"word": "耆儒硕望"}, {"word": "耆儒碩老"}, {"word": "耆儒硕老"}, {"roman": "fǔrú", "word": "腐儒"}, {"word": "英儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "豎儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "竖儒"}, {"word": "賈儒商秀"}, {"word": "贾儒商秀"}, {"word": "迂儒"}, {"roman": "tōngrú", "word": "通儒"}, {"word": "醇儒"}, {"roman": "lòurú", "word": "陋儒"}, {"word": "陽儒陰釋"}, {"word": "阳儒阴释"}, {"word": "章句儒"}, {"word": "風流儒雅"}, {"word": "风流儒雅"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鴻儒"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鸿儒"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *njo"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "需", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "human"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "儒", "2": "sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians"}, "expansion": "儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "柔", "2": "soft"}, "expansion": "柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "懦", "2": "weak, timid"}, "expansion": "懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).\nOrigin obscure. Chen (2013) – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links 儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) and 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) \"probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility\".", "forms": [{"form": "㐵"}, {"form": "偄"}, {"form": "𠍶"}, {"form": "𪝥"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儒", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Rúlín wàishǐ", "text": "儒林外史", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["scholar; learned person"], "links": [["scholar", "scholar"], ["learned", "learned"], ["person", "person"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called \"clever.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE", "roman": "Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuē rú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucian; Ruist"], "links": [["Confucian", "Confucian"], ["Ruist", "Ruist"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucianism; Ruism"], "links": [["Confucianism", "Confucianism"], ["Ruism", "Ruism"]]}, {"glosses": ["weak; cowardly"], "links": [["weak", "weak"], ["cowardly", "cowardly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "jyu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ru⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"zh-pron": "y²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ju²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "ru"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "жу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "žu"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rhu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "yùh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jy⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "yu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "r"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "luu"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "juu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "jii"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "zy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³zr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "y²"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "nyu"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*no/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*njo/"}, {"other": "/ jû /"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/"}, {"other": "/*no/"}, {"other": "/*njo/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen Jiezi", "Xu Shen"], "word": "儒"}
儒 (character) 儒/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese proper nouns", "Chinese terms spelled with 儒", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min proper nouns", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese proper nouns", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min proper nouns", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese proper nouns", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "世儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrú", "word": "侏儒"}, {"roman": "zhūrúzhèng", "word": "侏儒症"}, {"word": "侏儒觀戰"}, {"word": "侏儒观战"}, {"word": "俗儒"}, {"word": "俚儒"}, {"word": "僻儒"}, {"word": "儒冠"}, {"roman": "rúshì", "word": "儒士"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒學"}, {"roman": "rúxué", "word": "儒学"}, {"word": "儒宗"}, {"roman": "rújiā", "word": "儒家"}, {"word": "儒將"}, {"word": "儒将"}, {"word": "儒巾"}, {"roman": "rújiào", "word": "儒教"}, {"roman": "rúlín", "word": "儒林"}, {"roman": "Rúlín Wàishǐ", "word": "儒林外史"}, {"word": "儒業"}, {"word": "儒业"}, {"roman": "rúshēng", "word": "儒生"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略曆"}, {"roman": "rúlüèlì", "word": "儒略历"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒經"}, {"roman": "rújīng", "word": "儒经"}, {"roman": "rúzhě", "word": "儒者"}, {"roman": "rúgèn", "word": "儒艮"}, {"roman": "rúzàng", "word": "儒藏"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒術"}, {"roman": "rúshù", "word": "儒术"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒醫"}, {"roman": "rúyī", "word": "儒医"}, {"roman": "rúyǎ", "word": "儒雅"}, {"word": "儒風"}, {"word": "儒风"}, {"word": "先儒"}, {"word": "八儒"}, {"word": "博學鴻儒"}, {"word": "博学鸿儒"}, {"roman": "míngrú", "word": "名儒"}, {"roman": "huírú", "word": "回儒"}, {"word": "坑儒"}, {"word": "夙儒"}, {"roman": "dàrú", "word": "大儒"}, {"roman": "sòngrú", "word": "宋儒"}, {"word": "宏儒碩學"}, {"word": "宏儒硕学"}, {"roman": "sùrú", "word": "宿儒"}, {"word": "宿學舊儒"}, {"word": "宿学旧儒"}, {"word": "崇儒"}, {"word": "拘儒"}, {"word": "拘拘儒儒"}, {"word": "散儒"}, {"word": "新儒學"}, {"word": "新儒学"}, {"word": "溫文儒雅"}, {"word": "温文儒雅"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚書坑儒"}, {"roman": "fénshūkēngrú", "word": "焚书坑儒"}, {"word": "燔書坑儒"}, {"word": "燔书坑儒"}, {"word": "犬儒學派"}, {"word": "犬儒学派"}, {"word": "瑰儒"}, {"word": "當世儒宗"}, {"word": "当世儒宗"}, {"word": "盜儒"}, {"word": "盗儒"}, {"word": "瞀儒"}, {"word": "碩儒"}, {"word": "硕儒"}, {"word": "碩學通儒"}, {"word": "硕学通儒"}, {"word": "碩彥名儒"}, {"word": "硕彦名儒"}, {"word": "穴見小儒"}, {"word": "穴见小儒"}, {"word": "老儒"}, {"word": "老師宿儒"}, {"word": "老师宿儒"}, {"word": "耆儒"}, {"word": "耆儒碩德"}, {"word": "耆儒硕德"}, {"word": "耆儒碩望"}, {"word": "耆儒硕望"}, {"word": "耆儒碩老"}, {"word": "耆儒硕老"}, {"roman": "fǔrú", "word": "腐儒"}, {"word": "英儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "豎儒"}, {"roman": "shùrú", "word": "竖儒"}, {"word": "賈儒商秀"}, {"word": "贾儒商秀"}, {"word": "迂儒"}, {"roman": "tōngrú", "word": "通儒"}, {"word": "醇儒"}, {"roman": "lòurú", "word": "陋儒"}, {"word": "陽儒陰釋"}, {"word": "阳儒阴释"}, {"word": "章句儒"}, {"word": "風流儒雅"}, {"word": "风流儒雅"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鴻儒"}, {"roman": "hóngrú", "word": "鸿儒"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *njo"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "需", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc", "t1": "human"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "儒", "2": "sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians"}, "expansion": "儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "柔", "2": "soft"}, "expansion": "柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”)", "name": "och-l"}, {"args": {"1": "懦", "2": "weak, timid"}, "expansion": "懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”)", "name": "och-l"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njo): semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).\nOrigin obscure. Chen (2013) – following Xu Shen's Shuowen Jiezi, etc. – links 儒 (OC *njo, “sorcerers, intellectuals, government officials, Confucians”) to 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) and 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “weak, timid”) \"probably derived from the nature of the profession, registered by softness, suppleness, and flexibility\".", "forms": [{"form": "㐵"}, {"form": "偄"}, {"form": "𠍶"}, {"form": "𪝥"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "儒", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "Unofficial History of the Scholars (a satirical novel by 吳敬梓 Wu Jingzi)", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "Rúlín wàishǐ", "text": "儒林外史", "type": "example"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子謂子夏曰：「女為君子儒，無為小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Master said to Zi Xia, \"Do you be a scholar after the style of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE", "roman": "Zǐ wèi Zǐxià yuē: “Rǔ wèi jūnzǐ rú, wú wèi xiǎorén rú.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "子谓子夏曰：「女为君子儒，无为小人儒。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九兩系邦國之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Use nine working-duos to involve the people of the polities and states: … the fourth are called the scholars, who use moral principles to procure people. ….", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Rites of Zhou, circa 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Yǐ jiǔ liǎng xì bāngguó zhī mín:...... Sì yuē rú, yǐ dào dé mín........", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "以九两系邦国之民：……四曰儒，以道得民。……。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["scholar; learned person"], "links": [["scholar", "scholar"], ["learned", "learned"], ["person", "person"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven, Earth, and Man is called ru (Confucian). Having a penetrating understanding of Heaven and Earth, but not understanding Man, is called \"clever.\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE", "roman": "Tōng tiān, dì, rén yuē rú, tōng tiān, dì ér bùtōng rén yuē jì.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "通天、地、人曰儒，通天、地而不通人曰伎。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucian; Ruist"], "links": [["Confucian", "Confucian"], ["Ruist", "Ruist"]]}, {"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必歸於楊，逃楊必歸於儒。歸，斯受之而已矣。今之與楊墨辯者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又從而招之。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Mencius said, 'Those who are fleeing from the errors of Mohism naturally turn to Yangism, and those who are fleeing from the errors of Yang naturally turn to Ruism. When they so turn, they should at once and simply be received. Those who nowadays dispute with the followers of Yangism and Mohism do so as if they were pursuing a stray pig, the leg of which, after they have got it to enter the pen, they proceed to tie.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Mèngzǐ yuē: “Táo Mò bì guī yú Yáng, táo Yáng bì guī yú Rú. Guī, sī shòu zhī ér yǐ yǐ. Jīn zhī yǔ Yángmò biàn zhě, rú zhuī fàng tún, jì rù qí lì, yòu cóng ér zhāo zhī.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "孟子曰：「逃墨必归于杨，逃杨必归于儒。归，斯受之而已矣。今之与杨墨辩者，如追放豚，既入其苙，又从而招之。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Confucianism; Ruism"], "links": [["Confucianism", "Confucianism"], ["Ruism", "Ruism"]]}, {"glosses": ["weak; cowardly"], "links": [["weak", "weak"], ["cowardly", "cowardly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese surnames"], "glosses": ["a surname"], "links": [["surname", "surname"]]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Pinyin", "Sichuanese"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "jyu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "ru⁵"}, {"zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"zh-pron": "y²"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄖㄨˊ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ju²"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "rú"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "ru"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "жу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "žu"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Chengdu", "Latinxua-Sin-Wenz", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "rhu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/", "tags": ["Chengdu", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "yùh"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "jy⁴"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "yu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "yi³"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "eo⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/", "tags": ["Gan", "Nanchang", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Phak-fa-su", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Miaoli", "Northern", "Sinological-IPA", "Sixian"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "yì"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "r"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "i^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "yi²"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "ru²"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̌"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ṳ̀"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "lû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "luu"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "juu"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "jî"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "jii"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "jû"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁶zy"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "zy^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "³zr"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"tags": ["Changsha", "Wiktionary-specific", "Xiang"], "zh-pron": "y²"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/", "tags": ["Changsha", "Sinological-IPA", "Xiang"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "nyu"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*no/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*njo/"}, {"other": "/ jû /"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/jyː²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ji²²/"}, {"ipa": "/ɵ³⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/(j)i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/i¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ʐu⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/y²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/y⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/lu²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/zu²³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zi¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/d͡zu⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/zz̩²³/"}, {"ipa": "/y¹³/"}, {"other": "/*no/"}, {"other": "/*njo/"}], "wikipedia": ["Shuowen Jiezi", "Xu Shen"], "word": "儒"}
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