Chinese Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

促/Chinese/character

5: 促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/*sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}
1: 促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/*sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}
1: 促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Mainland-China not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/*sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}
1: 促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/*sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}
1: 促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/*sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

促 (character) 促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/*sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

促 (character) 促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/*sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Mainland-China not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

促 (character) 促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Mainland-China not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/*sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

促 (character) 促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/*sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

促 (character) 促/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 促", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"roman": "cùshǐ", "word": "促使"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "侷促"}, {"word": "促促"}, {"word": "侷促一隅"}, {"word": "侷促不安"}, {"word": "促坐"}, {"word": "促席"}, {"roman": "cùmáng", "word": "促忙"}, {"word": "促忙促急"}, {"roman": "cùchéng", "word": "促成"}, {"word": "促拍"}, {"word": "促掐"}, {"roman": "cùbù", "word": "促步"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狹"}, {"roman": "cùxiá", "word": "促狭"}, {"word": "促狹鬼"}, {"word": "促狭鬼"}, {"word": "促病"}, {"word": "促發"}, {"word": "促发"}, {"word": "促眉"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促織"}, {"roman": "cùzhī", "word": "促织"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促聲"}, {"roman": "cùshēng", "word": "促声"}, {"word": "促脈"}, {"word": "促脉"}, {"word": "促膝"}, {"word": "促膝談心"}, {"word": "促膝谈心"}, {"word": "促膝長談"}, {"word": "促膝长谈"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促裝"}, {"roman": "cùzhuāng", "word": "促装"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促請"}, {"roman": "cùqǐng", "word": "促请"}, {"word": "促趲"}, {"word": "促趱"}, {"roman": "cùpò", "word": "促迫"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促進"}, {"roman": "cùjìn", "word": "促进"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促銷"}, {"roman": "cùxiāo", "word": "促销"}, {"roman": "cùyīn", "word": "促音"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "倉促"}, {"roman": "cāngcù", "word": "仓促"}, {"roman": "cuīcù", "word": "催促"}, {"word": "刺促"}, {"roman": "cōngcù", "word": "匆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "局促"}, {"word": "局促一隅"}, {"word": "局促不安"}, {"roman": "jícù", "word": "急促"}, {"roman": "dūncù", "word": "敦促"}, {"roman": "dūcù", "word": "督促"}, {"roman": "duǎncù", "word": "短促"}, {"word": "短壽促命"}, {"word": "短寿促命"}, {"word": "短局促"}, {"roman": "jiǒngcù", "word": "窘促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "緊促"}, {"roman": "jǐncù", "word": "紧促"}, {"word": "聯合促銷"}, {"word": "联合促销"}, {"word": "脆促"}, {"roman": "júcù", "word": "跼促"}, {"word": "蹇促"}, {"roman": "pòcù", "word": "迫促"}, {"word": "逼促"}, {"word": "鬼促促"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "vi", "2": "thúc", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thúc", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Vietnamese: thúc"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *sʰoɡ"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "人", "2": "足", "alt1": "亻", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰoɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "促", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Chinese links with redundant alt parameters", "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、漢封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties implemented feudalism, which prolonged their rule, whereas the Qin dynasty adopted the prefectural-county system, which hastened its demise.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 805～814, Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元),《封建論》 (“On Feudalism”)", "roman": "Xià, Shāng, Zhōu, Hàn fēngjiàn ér yán, Qín jùnyì ér cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "夏、商、周、汉封建而延，秦郡邑而促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齊、梁、陳、元魏已下，事佛漸謹，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "During the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and afterwards, the reverence for Buddhism gradually increased, but at the same time the durations of these dynasties became increasingly brief.", "raw_tags": ["Literary Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " 819 February 11, Han Yu, On a Bone from Buddha’s Body（《論佛骨表》）", "roman": "Sòng, Qí, Liáng, Chén, Yuánwèi yǐxià, shì fó jiàn jǐn, niándài yóu cù.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "宋、齐、梁、陈、元魏已下，事佛渐谨，年代尤促。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["short; hurried; urgent (of time)"], "links": [["short", "short"], ["hurried", "hurried"], ["urgent", "urgent"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to sit knee to knee", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "cùxī", "text": "促膝", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to come close to; to become near"], "links": [["close", "close"], ["become", "become"], ["near", "near"]]}, {"glosses": ["to urge; to promote"], "links": [["urge", "urge"], ["promote", "promote"]]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese"], "glosses": ["to shorten the distance"], "links": [["shorten", "shorten"], ["distance", "distance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Hokkien) to shorten the distance"], "tags": ["Hokkien"]}, {"categories": ["Hokkien Chinese", "Mainland China Chinese"], "glosses": ["to limply tie a knot"], "links": [["limp", "limp"], ["tie", "tie"], ["knot", "knot"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Mainland China Hokkien) to limply tie a knot"], "tags": ["Hokkien", "Mainland-China"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄘㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "chhek"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "cog⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "cù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "tsʻu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "tsù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "tsuh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "цу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "cu"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "cuk¹"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "chūk"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "tsuk⁷"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "cug¹"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "ché̤ṳk"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiok"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiog"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Jinjiang", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshiak"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "chiag"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "tshik"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "zheg"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "tshok"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "tshjowk"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*sʰoɡ/"}, {"other": "/ chhiak /"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰøyʔ²⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiak̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/t͡sʰok̚²/"}, {"other": "/*sʰoɡ/"}], "word": "促"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.