"ferm" meaning in Catalan

See ferm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [ˈfe̞rm] [Northern], [ˈfərm] [Balearic], [ˈfɛrm] [Central], [ˈfeɾm] [Valencia], [ˈferm] [Northwestern] Audio: LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ferm.wav (note: Barcelona) Forms: ferma [feminine], ferms [masculine, plural], fermes [feminine, plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Latin firmus. Etymology templates: {{ety|ca|:inh|la:firmus}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*fermos", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "firmus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Catalan", "term" : "ferm", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ca" }" data-lang="ca" data-title="ferm">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ca|la|firmus|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Latin firmus, {{inh+|ca|la|firmus}} Inherited from Latin firmus Head templates: {{ca-adj}} ferm (feminine ferma, masculine plural ferms, feminine plural fermes)
  1. firm (steadfast, secure) Synonyms: fix
    Sense id: en-ferm-ca-adj-hfwtJvyN Categories (other): Catalan entries with etymon, Pages using etymon with no ID Disambiguation of Catalan entries with etymon: 24 20 20 35 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 42 0 0 58 0 0
  2. firm (fixed in opinion) Synonyms: fix
    Sense id: en-ferm-ca-adj-XPdhdbfy Categories (other): Catalan entries with etymon Disambiguation of Catalan entries with etymon: 24 20 20 35
  3. firm (solid, rigid)
    Sense id: en-ferm-ca-adj-TMQF2tcn Categories (other): Catalan entries with etymon Disambiguation of Catalan entries with etymon: 24 20 20 35
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: fermament, fermesa

Noun

IPA: [ˈfe̞rm] [Northern], [ˈfərm] [Balearic], [ˈfɛrm] [Central], [ˈfeɾm] [Valencia], [ˈferm] [Northwestern] Audio: LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ferm.wav (note: Barcelona) Forms: ferms [plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Latin firmus. Etymology templates: {{ety|ca|:inh|la:firmus}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*fermos", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "firmus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Catalan", "term" : "ferm", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ca" }" data-lang="ca" data-title="ferm">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ca|la|firmus|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Latin firmus, {{inh+|ca|la|firmus}} Inherited from Latin firmus Head templates: {{ca-noun|m}} ferm m (plural ferms)
  1. pavement (US), road surface (UK) (paved exterior surface) Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-ferm-ca-noun-BHzcz2VO Categories (other): Catalan entries with etymon, Catalan entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID Disambiguation of Catalan entries with etymon: 24 20 20 35 Disambiguation of Catalan entries with incorrect language header: 19 7 7 67 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 42 0 0 58 0 0

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "fermament"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "fermesa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "la:firmus"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fermos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"firmus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Catalan\", \"term\" : \"ferm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ca\" }\" data-lang=\"ca\" data-title=\"ferm\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin firmus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmus"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Latin firmus",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin firmus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ferma",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferms",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ferm (feminine ferma, masculine plural ferms, feminine plural fermes)",
      "name": "ca-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 20 20 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 0 0 58 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "firm (steadfast, secure)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ferm-ca-adj-hfwtJvyN",
      "links": [
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fix"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 20 20 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "firm (fixed in opinion)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ferm-ca-adj-XPdhdbfy",
      "links": [
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fix"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 20 20 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "firm (solid, rigid)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ferm-ca-adj-TMQF2tcn",
      "links": [
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfe̞rm]",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfərm]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɛrm]",
      "tags": [
        "Central"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfeɾm]",
      "tags": [
        "Valencia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈferm]",
      "tags": [
        "Northwestern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ferm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Barcelona",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ferm"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "la:firmus"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fermos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"firmus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Catalan\", \"term\" : \"ferm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ca\" }\" data-lang=\"ca\" data-title=\"ferm\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin firmus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmus"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Latin firmus",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin firmus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ferms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "ferm m (plural ferms)",
      "name": "ca-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 20 20 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 7 7 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 0 0 58 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pavement (US), road surface (UK) (paved exterior surface)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ferm-ca-noun-BHzcz2VO",
      "links": [
        [
          "pavement",
          "pavement"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfe̞rm]",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfərm]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɛrm]",
      "tags": [
        "Central"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfeɾm]",
      "tags": [
        "Valencia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈferm]",
      "tags": [
        "Northwestern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ferm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Barcelona",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ferm"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Catalan adjectives",
    "Catalan countable nouns",
    "Catalan entries with etymon",
    "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
    "Catalan lemmas",
    "Catalan masculine nouns",
    "Catalan nouns",
    "Catalan terms derived from Latin",
    "Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Catalan terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Catalan terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
    "Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
    "Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "fermament"
    },
    {
      "word": "fermesa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "la:firmus"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fermos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"firmus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Catalan\", \"term\" : \"ferm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ca\" }\" data-lang=\"ca\" data-title=\"ferm\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin firmus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmus"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Latin firmus",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin firmus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ferma",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferms",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fermes",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ferm (feminine ferma, masculine plural ferms, feminine plural fermes)",
      "name": "ca-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "firm (steadfast, secure)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fix"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "firm (fixed in opinion)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fix"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "firm (solid, rigid)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfe̞rm]",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfərm]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɛrm]",
      "tags": [
        "Central"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfeɾm]",
      "tags": [
        "Valencia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈferm]",
      "tags": [
        "Northwestern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ferm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Barcelona",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ferm"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Catalan adjectives",
    "Catalan countable nouns",
    "Catalan entries with etymon",
    "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
    "Catalan lemmas",
    "Catalan masculine nouns",
    "Catalan nouns",
    "Catalan terms derived from Latin",
    "Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Catalan terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Catalan terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
    "Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
    "Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "la:firmus"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fermos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"firmus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Catalan\", \"term\" : \"ferm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ca\" }\" data-lang=\"ca\" data-title=\"ferm\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin firmus",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "firmus"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Latin firmus",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin firmus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ferms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "ferm m (plural ferms)",
      "name": "ca-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pavement (US), road surface (UK) (paved exterior surface)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pavement",
          "pavement"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfe̞rm]",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfərm]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɛrm]",
      "tags": [
        "Central"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfeɾm]",
      "tags": [
        "Valencia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈferm]",
      "tags": [
        "Northwestern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ferm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Barcelona",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-ferm.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ferm"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ferm meaning in Catalan (6.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Catalan dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.