"মনিষ" meaning in Bengali

See মনিষ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /moniʃ/ (note: Rarh), [ˈmoniʃ] (note: Rarh), /moniʃ/ (note: Dhaka), [ˈmoniʃ] (note: Dhaka)
Etymology: Inherited from Middle Bengali মনুষ (monuś) with fronted second vowel, from Magadhi Prakrit 𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀱 (manuṣṣa), from Sanskrit মনুষ্য (manuṣya). Doublet of মানুষ (manuś), মিনসা (minośa), and মনুষ্য (monuśśo). Cognate with Assamese মানুস (manux), Odia ମଣିଷ (maṇisha) and Marathi माणुस (māṇus). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|bn|inc-mbn|মনুষ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle Bengali মনুষ (monuś), {{inh+|bn|inc-mbn|মনুষ}} Inherited from Middle Bengali মনুষ (monuś), {{inh|bn|pra-mag|𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀱}} Magadhi Prakrit 𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀱 (manuṣṣa), {{inh|bn|sa|मनुष्य|মনুষ্য}} Sanskrit মনুষ্য (manuṣya), {{doublet|bn|মানুষ|মিনসা|মনুষ্য}} Doublet of মানুষ (manuś), মিনসা (minośa), and মনুষ্য (monuśśo), {{cog|as|মানুস}} Assamese মানুস (manux), {{cog|or|ମଣିଷ}} Odia ମଣିଷ (maṇisha), {{cog|mr|माणुस}} Marathi माणुस (māṇus) Head templates: {{head|bn|noun|||||||||||||||||autotrinfl=1|head=|sort=|tr=|tr2=}} মনিষ • (moniś), {{bn-noun}} মনিষ • (moniś) Inflection templates: {{bn-decl-noun-c|gen=মনিষের|gen-p=মনিষদের|gen-p-tr=moniśder|gen-s=মনিষটার, মনিষটির|gen-s-tr=moniśṭar (colloquial), moniśṭir (formal)|gen-tr=moniśer|nom=মনিষ|nom-p=মনিষেরা|nom-p-tr=moniśera|nom-s=মনিষটা, মনিষটি|nom-s-tr=moniśṭa (colloquial), moniśṭi (formal)|nom-tr=moniś|obj=মনিষকে|obj-p=মনিষদের(কে)|obj-p-tr=moniśder(ke)|obj-s=মনিষটাকে, মনিষটিকে|obj-s-tr=moniśṭake (colloquial), moniśṭike (formal)|obj-tr=moniś (semantically general or indefinite) / moniśke (semantically definite)}} Forms: moniś [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], মনিষ [indefinite, nominative], মনিষকে [indefinite, objective], moniś (semantically general or indefinite) [indefinite, objective], moniśke (semantically definite) [indefinite, objective], মনিষের [genitive, indefinite], মনিষটা [definite, nominative, singular], মনিষটি [definite, nominative, singular], moniśṭa [colloquial, definite, nominative, singular], moniśṭi [definite, formal, nominative, singular], মনিষেরা [definite, nominative, plural], মনিষটাকে [definite, objective, singular], মনিষটিকে [definite, objective, singular], moniśṭake [colloquial, definite, objective, singular], moniśṭike [definite, formal, objective, singular], মনিষদের(কে) [definite, objective, plural], moniśder [definite, objective, plural], moniśderke [definite, objective, plural], মনিষটার [definite, genitive, singular], মনিষটির [definite, genitive, singular], moniśṭar [colloquial, definite, genitive, singular], moniśṭir [definite, formal, genitive, singular], মনিষদের [definite, genitive, plural]
  1. farmhand, day laborer, porter Synonyms: মুনিষ (muniś)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "inc-mbn",
        "3": "মনুষ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Bengali মনুষ (monuś)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "inc-mbn",
        "3": "মনুষ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle Bengali মনুষ (monuś)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "pra-mag",
        "3": "𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀱"
      },
      "expansion": "Magadhi Prakrit 𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀱 (manuṣṣa)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "मनुष्य",
        "4": "মনুষ্য"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit মনুষ্য (manuṣya)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "মানুষ",
        "3": "মিনসা",
        "4": "মনুষ্য"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of মানুষ (manuś), মিনসা (minośa), and মনুষ্য (monuśśo)",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "as",
        "2": "মানুস"
      },
      "expansion": "Assamese মানুস (manux)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "or",
        "2": "ମଣିଷ"
      },
      "expansion": "Odia ମଣିଷ (maṇisha)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mr",
        "2": "माणुस"
      },
      "expansion": "Marathi माणुस (māṇus)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Bengali মনুষ (monuś) with fronted second vowel, from Magadhi Prakrit 𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀱 (manuṣṣa), from Sanskrit মনুষ্য (manuṣya). Doublet of মানুষ (manuś), মিনসা (minośa), and মনুষ্য (monuśśo). Cognate with Assamese মানুস (manux), Odia ମଣିଷ (maṇisha) and Marathi माणुस (māṇus).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "moniś",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bn-noun-c-anim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষ",
      "roman": "moniś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষকে",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "objective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniś (semantically general or indefinite)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "objective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśke (semantically definite)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "objective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষের",
      "roman": "moniśer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটা",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটি",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "formal",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষেরা",
      "roman": "moniśera",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটাকে",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটিকে",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭake",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭike",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "formal",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষদের(কে)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśder",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśderke",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটার",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটির",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭir",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "formal",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষদের",
      "roman": "moniśder",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "autotrinfl": "1",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "tr2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "মনিষ • (moniś)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "মনিষ • (moniś)",
      "name": "bn-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gen": "মনিষের",
        "gen-p": "মনিষদের",
        "gen-p-tr": "moniśder",
        "gen-s": "মনিষটার, মনিষটির",
        "gen-s-tr": "moniśṭar (colloquial), moniśṭir (formal)",
        "gen-tr": "moniśer",
        "nom": "মনিষ",
        "nom-p": "মনিষেরা",
        "nom-p-tr": "moniśera",
        "nom-s": "মনিষটা, মনিষটি",
        "nom-s-tr": "moniśṭa (colloquial), moniśṭi (formal)",
        "nom-tr": "moniś",
        "obj": "মনিষকে",
        "obj-p": "মনিষদের(কে)",
        "obj-p-tr": "moniśder(ke)",
        "obj-s": "মনিষটাকে, মনিষটিকে",
        "obj-s-tr": "moniśṭake (colloquial), moniśṭike (formal)",
        "obj-tr": "moniś (semantically general or indefinite) / moniśke (semantically definite)"
      },
      "name": "bn-decl-noun-c"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bengali",
  "lang_code": "bn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bengali entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bengali terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "farmhand, day laborer, porter"
      ],
      "id": "en-মনিষ-bn-noun-TDwezhjh",
      "links": [
        [
          "farmhand",
          "farmhand"
        ],
        [
          "day",
          "day"
        ],
        [
          "laborer",
          "laborer"
        ],
        [
          "porter",
          "porter"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "muniś",
          "word": "মুনিষ"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/moniʃ/",
      "note": "Rarh"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmoniʃ]",
      "note": "Rarh"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/moniʃ/",
      "note": "Dhaka"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmoniʃ]",
      "note": "Dhaka"
    }
  ],
  "word": "মনিষ"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "inc-mbn",
        "3": "মনুষ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Bengali মনুষ (monuś)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "inc-mbn",
        "3": "মনুষ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle Bengali মনুষ (monuś)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "pra-mag",
        "3": "𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀱"
      },
      "expansion": "Magadhi Prakrit 𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀱 (manuṣṣa)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "मनुष्य",
        "4": "মনুষ্য"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit মনুষ্য (manuṣya)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "মানুষ",
        "3": "মিনসা",
        "4": "মনুষ্য"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of মানুষ (manuś), মিনসা (minośa), and মনুষ্য (monuśśo)",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "as",
        "2": "মানুস"
      },
      "expansion": "Assamese মানুস (manux)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "or",
        "2": "ମଣିଷ"
      },
      "expansion": "Odia ମଣିଷ (maṇisha)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mr",
        "2": "माणुस"
      },
      "expansion": "Marathi माणुस (māṇus)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Bengali মনুষ (monuś) with fronted second vowel, from Magadhi Prakrit 𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀱 (manuṣṣa), from Sanskrit মনুষ্য (manuṣya). Doublet of মানুষ (manuś), মিনসা (minośa), and মনুষ্য (monuśśo). Cognate with Assamese মানুস (manux), Odia ମଣିଷ (maṇisha) and Marathi माणुस (māṇus).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "moniś",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bn-noun-c-anim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষ",
      "roman": "moniś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষকে",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "objective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniś (semantically general or indefinite)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "objective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśke (semantically definite)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "objective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষের",
      "roman": "moniśer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটা",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটি",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "formal",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষেরা",
      "roman": "moniśera",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটাকে",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটিকে",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭake",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭike",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "formal",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষদের(কে)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśder",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśderke",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটার",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষটির",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "moniśṭir",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "formal",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "মনিষদের",
      "roman": "moniśder",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "autotrinfl": "1",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "tr2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "মনিষ • (moniś)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "মনিষ • (moniś)",
      "name": "bn-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gen": "মনিষের",
        "gen-p": "মনিষদের",
        "gen-p-tr": "moniśder",
        "gen-s": "মনিষটার, মনিষটির",
        "gen-s-tr": "moniśṭar (colloquial), moniśṭir (formal)",
        "gen-tr": "moniśer",
        "nom": "মনিষ",
        "nom-p": "মনিষেরা",
        "nom-p-tr": "moniśera",
        "nom-s": "মনিষটা, মনিষটি",
        "nom-s-tr": "moniśṭa (colloquial), moniśṭi (formal)",
        "nom-tr": "moniś",
        "obj": "মনিষকে",
        "obj-p": "মনিষদের(কে)",
        "obj-p-tr": "moniśder(ke)",
        "obj-s": "মনিষটাকে, মনিষটিকে",
        "obj-s-tr": "moniśṭake (colloquial), moniśṭike (formal)",
        "obj-tr": "moniś (semantically general or indefinite) / moniśke (semantically definite)"
      },
      "name": "bn-decl-noun-c"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bengali",
  "lang_code": "bn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Bengali doublets",
        "Bengali entries with incorrect language header",
        "Bengali lemmas",
        "Bengali nouns",
        "Bengali terms derived from Magadhi Prakrit",
        "Bengali terms derived from Middle Bengali",
        "Bengali terms derived from Sanskrit",
        "Bengali terms inherited from Magadhi Prakrit",
        "Bengali terms inherited from Middle Bengali",
        "Bengali terms inherited from Sanskrit",
        "Bengali terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Bengali terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Pages with 1 entry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "farmhand, day laborer, porter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "farmhand",
          "farmhand"
        ],
        [
          "day",
          "day"
        ],
        [
          "laborer",
          "laborer"
        ],
        [
          "porter",
          "porter"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/moniʃ/",
      "note": "Rarh"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmoniʃ]",
      "note": "Rarh"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/moniʃ/",
      "note": "Dhaka"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmoniʃ]",
      "note": "Dhaka"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "muniś",
      "word": "মুনিষ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "মনিষ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for মনিষ meaning in Bengali (6.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2522",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Bengali]; cleaned text: Inflection of মনিষ, style: //vsToggleElement//NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "মনিষ"
  ],
  "section": "Bengali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "মনিষ",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2530",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Bengali]; cleaned text: Objective Note: In some dialects -রে (-re) marks this case instead of -কে (-ke)., style: background:#EDFAEB; text-align:left; font-size:90%; padding-left:1em////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "মনিষ"
  ],
  "section": "Bengali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "মনিষ",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Bengali dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.