"কোনা" meaning in Bengali

See কোনা in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ko.na/, [ˈko.na]
Rhymes: -ona Etymology: Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀡 (koṇa), from Sanskrit कोण (koṇa). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|bn|pra|𑀓𑁄𑀡|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀡 (koṇa), {{inh+|bn|pra|𑀓𑁄𑀡}} Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀡 (koṇa), {{inh|bn|sa|कोण}} Sanskrit कोण (koṇa) Head templates: {{head|bn|noun|||||||||||||||||autotrinfl=1|head=|sort=|tr=|tr2=}} কোনা • (kōna), {{bn-noun}} কোনা • (kōna) Inflection templates: {{bn-decl-noun|gen=কোনার|gen-p=কোনাগুলির, কোনাগুলার, কোনাগুলোর|gen-p-tr=konagulir, konagular, konagulōr|gen-s=কোনাটির, কোনাটার|gen-s-tr=konaṭir, konaṭar|gen-tr=konar|loc=কোনাতে / কোনায়|loc-p=কোনাগুলিতে, কোনাগুলাতে, কোনাগুলায়, কোনাগুলোতে|loc-p-tr=konagulite, konagulate, konagulaẏ, konagulōte|loc-s=কোনাটিতে, কোনাটাতে, কোনাটায়|loc-s-tr=konaṭite, konaṭate, konaṭaẏ|loc-tr=konate / konaẏ|nom=কোনা|nom-p=কোনাগুলি, কোনাগুলা, কোনাগুলো|nom-p-tr=konaguli, konagula, konagulō|nom-s=কোনাটি , কোনাটা|nom-s-tr=konaṭi, konaṭa|nom-tr=kona|obj=কোনা / কোনাকে|obj-p=কোনাগুলি, কোনাগুলা, কোনাগুলো|obj-p-tr=konaguli, konagula, konagulō|obj-s=কোনাটি, কোনাটা|obj-s-tr=konaṭi, konaṭa|obj-tr=kona (semantically general or indefinite) / konake (semantically definite)}} Forms: kōna [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], কোনা [indefinite, nominative], কোনা [indefinite, objective], কোনাকে / konake (semantically definite)) [indefinite, objective], কোনার [genitive, indefinite], কোনাতে [indefinite, locative], কোনায় [indefinite, locative], কোনাটি [definite, nominative, singular], কোনাটা [definite, nominative, singular], কোনাগুলি [definite, nominative, plural], কোনাগুলা [definite, nominative, plural], কোনাগুলো [definite, nominative, plural], কোনাটি [definite, objective, singular], কোনাটা [definite, objective, singular], কোনাগুলি [definite, objective, plural], কোনাগুলা [definite, objective, plural], কোনাগুলো [definite, objective, plural], কোনাটির [definite, genitive, singular], কোনাটার [definite, genitive, singular], কোনাগুলির [definite, genitive, plural], কোনাগুলার [definite, genitive, plural], কোনাগুলোর [definite, genitive, plural], কোনাটিতে [definite, locative, singular], কোনাটাতে [definite, locative, singular], কোনাটায় [definite, locative, singular], কোনাগুলিতে [definite, locative, plural], কোনাগুলাতে [definite, locative, plural], কোনাগুলায় [definite, locative, plural], কোনাগুলোতে [definite, locative, plural], Objective Note: In some dialects, -রে marks this case instead of -কে (-ke).
  1. corner
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "pra",
        "3": "𑀓𑁄𑀡",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀡 (koṇa)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "pra",
        "3": "𑀓𑁄𑀡"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀡 (koṇa)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "कोण"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कोण (koṇa)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀡 (koṇa), from Sanskrit कोण (koṇa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kōna",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bn-noun-v-inan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনা",
      "roman": "kona",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনা",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "objective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাকে  / konake (semantically definite))",
      "roman": "kona (semantically general or indefinite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "objective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনার",
      "roman": "konar",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাতে",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনায়",
      "roman": "konate / konaẏ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটি",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটা",
      "roman": "konaṭi, konaṭa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলি",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলা",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলো",
      "roman": "konaguli, konagula, konagulō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটি",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটা",
      "roman": "konaṭi, konaṭa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলি",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলা",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলো",
      "roman": "konaguli, konagula, konagulō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটির",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটার",
      "roman": "konaṭir, konaṭar",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলির",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলার",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলোর",
      "roman": "konagulir, konagular, konagulōr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটিতে",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটাতে",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটায়",
      "roman": "konaṭite, konaṭate, konaṭaẏ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলিতে",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলাতে",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলায়",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলোতে",
      "roman": "konagulite, konagulate, konagulaẏ, konagulōte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Objective Note: In some dialects",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "-রে  marks this case instead of -কে (-ke).",
      "roman": "-re",
      "source": "inflection"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "autotrinfl": "1",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "tr2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "কোনা • (kōna)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "কোনা • (kōna)",
      "name": "bn-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "কো",
        "না"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gen": "কোনার",
        "gen-p": "কোনাগুলির, কোনাগুলার, কোনাগুলোর",
        "gen-p-tr": "konagulir, konagular, konagulōr",
        "gen-s": "কোনাটির, কোনাটার",
        "gen-s-tr": "konaṭir, konaṭar",
        "gen-tr": "konar",
        "loc": "কোনাতে / কোনায়",
        "loc-p": "কোনাগুলিতে, কোনাগুলাতে, কোনাগুলায়, কোনাগুলোতে",
        "loc-p-tr": "konagulite, konagulate, konagulaẏ, konagulōte",
        "loc-s": "কোনাটিতে, কোনাটাতে, কোনাটায়",
        "loc-s-tr": "konaṭite, konaṭate, konaṭaẏ",
        "loc-tr": "konate / konaẏ",
        "nom": "কোনা",
        "nom-p": "কোনাগুলি, কোনাগুলা, কোনাগুলো",
        "nom-p-tr": "konaguli, konagula, konagulō",
        "nom-s": "কোনাটি , কোনাটা",
        "nom-s-tr": "konaṭi, konaṭa",
        "nom-tr": "kona",
        "obj": "কোনা / কোনাকে",
        "obj-p": "কোনাগুলি, কোনাগুলা, কোনাগুলো",
        "obj-p-tr": "konaguli, konagula, konagulō",
        "obj-s": "কোনাটি, কোনাটা",
        "obj-s-tr": "konaṭi, konaṭa",
        "obj-tr": "kona (semantically general or indefinite) / konake (semantically definite)"
      },
      "name": "bn-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bengali",
  "lang_code": "bn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bengali entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bengali terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              17,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Don't go in that corner.",
          "roman": "ōi kōnaẏ jeō na.",
          "text": "ওই কোনায় যেও না।",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "corner"
      ],
      "id": "en-কোনা-bn-noun-RdInxLKX",
      "links": [
        [
          "corner",
          "corner"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ko.na/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈko.na]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ona"
    }
  ],
  "word": "কোনা"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "pra",
        "3": "𑀓𑁄𑀡",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀡 (koṇa)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "pra",
        "3": "𑀓𑁄𑀡"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀡 (koṇa)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "कोण"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कोण (koṇa)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Prakrit 𑀓𑁄𑀡 (koṇa), from Sanskrit कोण (koṇa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kōna",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bn-noun-v-inan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনা",
      "roman": "kona",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনা",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "objective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাকে  / konake (semantically definite))",
      "roman": "kona (semantically general or indefinite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "objective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনার",
      "roman": "konar",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাতে",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনায়",
      "roman": "konate / konaẏ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটি",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটা",
      "roman": "konaṭi, konaṭa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলি",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলা",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলো",
      "roman": "konaguli, konagula, konagulō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটি",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটা",
      "roman": "konaṭi, konaṭa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলি",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলা",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলো",
      "roman": "konaguli, konagula, konagulō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "objective",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটির",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটার",
      "roman": "konaṭir, konaṭar",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলির",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলার",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলোর",
      "roman": "konagulir, konagular, konagulōr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটিতে",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটাতে",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাটায়",
      "roman": "konaṭite, konaṭate, konaṭaẏ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলিতে",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলাতে",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলায়",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "কোনাগুলোতে",
      "roman": "konagulite, konagulate, konagulaẏ, konagulōte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Objective Note: In some dialects",
      "source": "inflection"
    },
    {
      "form": "-রে  marks this case instead of -কে (-ke).",
      "roman": "-re",
      "source": "inflection"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bn",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "autotrinfl": "1",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "tr2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "কোনা • (kōna)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "কোনা • (kōna)",
      "name": "bn-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "কো",
        "না"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gen": "কোনার",
        "gen-p": "কোনাগুলির, কোনাগুলার, কোনাগুলোর",
        "gen-p-tr": "konagulir, konagular, konagulōr",
        "gen-s": "কোনাটির, কোনাটার",
        "gen-s-tr": "konaṭir, konaṭar",
        "gen-tr": "konar",
        "loc": "কোনাতে / কোনায়",
        "loc-p": "কোনাগুলিতে, কোনাগুলাতে, কোনাগুলায়, কোনাগুলোতে",
        "loc-p-tr": "konagulite, konagulate, konagulaẏ, konagulōte",
        "loc-s": "কোনাটিতে, কোনাটাতে, কোনাটায়",
        "loc-s-tr": "konaṭite, konaṭate, konaṭaẏ",
        "loc-tr": "konate / konaẏ",
        "nom": "কোনা",
        "nom-p": "কোনাগুলি, কোনাগুলা, কোনাগুলো",
        "nom-p-tr": "konaguli, konagula, konagulō",
        "nom-s": "কোনাটি , কোনাটা",
        "nom-s-tr": "konaṭi, konaṭa",
        "nom-tr": "kona",
        "obj": "কোনা / কোনাকে",
        "obj-p": "কোনাগুলি, কোনাগুলা, কোনাগুলো",
        "obj-p-tr": "konaguli, konagula, konagulō",
        "obj-s": "কোনাটি, কোনাটা",
        "obj-s-tr": "konaṭi, konaṭa",
        "obj-tr": "kona (semantically general or indefinite) / konake (semantically definite)"
      },
      "name": "bn-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Bengali",
  "lang_code": "bn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Bengali entries with incorrect language header",
        "Bengali lemmas",
        "Bengali nouns",
        "Bengali terms derived from Prakrit",
        "Bengali terms derived from Sanskrit",
        "Bengali terms inherited from Prakrit",
        "Bengali terms inherited from Sanskrit",
        "Bengali terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Bengali terms with usage examples",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Bengali/ona",
        "Rhymes:Bengali/ona/2 syllables"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              17,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Don't go in that corner.",
          "roman": "ōi kōnaẏ jeō na.",
          "text": "ওই কোনায় যেও না।",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "corner"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "corner",
          "corner"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ko.na/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈko.na]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ona"
    }
  ],
  "word": "কোনা"
}

Download raw JSONL data for কোনা meaning in Bengali (7.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Bengali dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.