"ܢܦܫܐ" meaning in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "animate",
      "roman": "nafšānā",
      "translation": "animate",
      "word": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "psychological",
      "roman": "nafšānāyā",
      "translation": "psychological",
      "word": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܝܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "actually, in fact; by one’s self",
      "roman": "bnafšā",
      "translation": "actually, in fact; by one’s self",
      "word": "ܒܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "vivacious",
      "roman": "ḥay nafšā",
      "translation": "vivacious",
      "word": "ܚܲܝ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "self-respectful",
      "roman": "kḥīḏ nafšā",
      "translation": "self-respectful",
      "word": "ܟܚܝܼܕ݂ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "even-tempered",
      "roman": "ˁazīz nafšā",
      "translation": "even-tempered",
      "word": "ܥܲܙܝܼܙ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "magnanimous",
      "roman": "raḇ nafšā",
      "translation": "magnanimous",
      "word": "ܪܲܒ݂ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "proud",
      "roman": "rām nafšā",
      "translation": "proud",
      "word": "ܪܵܡ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "metempsychosis",
      "roman": "šūpāḵ nafšā",
      "translation": "metempsychosis",
      "word": "ܫܘܼܦܵܟ݂ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "confident",
      "roman": "tḵīl nafšā",
      "translation": "confident",
      "word": "ܬܟ݂ܝܼܠ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ܢ ܦ ܫ"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "aii-root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aii",
        "2": "arc",
        "3": "נַפְשָׁא",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "nap̄šā",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Aramaic נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aii",
        "2": "arc",
        "3": "נַפְשָׁא",
        "tr": "nap̄šā"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Aramaic נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aii",
        "2": "sem-pro",
        "3": "*napš-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Semitic *napš-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "napištum",
        "3": "𒍣",
        "tr": "napištum"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒍣 (napištum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "نَفْس"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic نَفْس (nafs)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "נֶפֶשׁ",
        "tr": "néfesh"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ (néfesh)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uga",
        "2": "𐎐𐎔𐎌",
        "ts": "napšu"
      },
      "expansion": "Ugaritic 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /⁠napšu⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aii",
        "2": "syc",
        "3": "-",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "semantic loan from Classical Syriac",
      "name": "sl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Aramaic נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā), from Proto-Semitic *napš-; compare Akkadian 𒍣 (napištum), Arabic نَفْس (nafs), Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ (néfesh), and Ugaritic 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /⁠napšu⁠/). The final senses of “self” and “same” are a semantic loan from Classical Syriac as a substitute of the Kurdish loanword ܓܵܢܵܐ (gānā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nafšā",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ",
      "roman": "nafšāṯā",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aii-infl-noun/m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܦ̮ܸܫ",
      "roman": "nfiš",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܝܼ",
      "roman": "nafšī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܲܢ",
      "roman": "nafšan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܦ̮ܸܫ",
      "roman": "nfiš",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "construct",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܼܟ݂",
      "roman": "nafšōḵ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܟ݂ܝ",
      "roman": "nafšāḵ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
      "roman": "nafšawḵōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ",
      "roman": "nafšā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ",
      "roman": "nafšēh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܗ̇",
      "roman": "nafšāh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܗܘܿܢ",
      "roman": "nafšhōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-form",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢ̈",
      "roman": "nafšān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈",
      "roman": "nafšāṯī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܲܢ̈",
      "roman": "nafšāṯan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂̈",
      "roman": "nafšāṯ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "construct",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂",
      "roman": "nafšāṯōḵ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈",
      "roman": "nafšāṯāḵ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
      "roman": "nafšāṯawḵōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ",
      "roman": "nafšāṯā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܹܗ",
      "roman": "nafšāṯēh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܗ̇",
      "roman": "nafšāṯāh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܗ̈ܘܿܢ",
      "roman": "nafšāṯhōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-form",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ",
        "2": "f-s",
        "pl": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ"
      },
      "expansion": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ • (nafšā) f sg (plural ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ (nafšāṯā))",
      "name": "aii-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫ",
        "fempl": "1",
        "ircstr": "ܢܦ̮ܸܫ",
        "sirs": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫ"
      },
      "name": "aii-infl-noun/m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl.1cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܲܢ̈",
        "pl.1cs": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈",
        "pl.2cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
        "pl.2fs": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈",
        "pl.2ms": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂",
        "pl.3cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܗ̈ܘܿܢ",
        "pl.3fs": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܗ̇",
        "pl.3ms": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܹܗ",
        "pl.abs.": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢ̈",
        "pl.cstr.": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂̈",
        "pl.emph.": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ",
        "sg.1cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܲܢ",
        "sg.1cs": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܝܼ",
        "sg.2cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
        "sg.2fs": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܟ݂ܝ",
        "sg.2ms": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܼܟ݂",
        "sg.3cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܗܘܿܢ",
        "sg.3fs": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܗ̇",
        "sg.3ms": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ",
        "sg.abs.": "ܢܦ̮ܸܫ",
        "sg.cstr.": "ܢܦ̮ܸܫ",
        "sg.emph.": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
      },
      "name": "aii-infl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
  "lang_code": "aii",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "nature",
      "roman": "kyānā",
      "translation": "nature",
      "word": "ܟܝܵܢܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "person",
      "roman": "parṣōpā",
      "translation": "person",
      "word": "ܦܲܪܨܘܿܦܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "hypostasis",
      "roman": "qnōmā",
      "translation": "hypostasis",
      "word": "ܩܢܘܿܡܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "hypostatic properties",
      "roman": "appē",
      "translation": "hypostatic properties",
      "word": "ܐܲܦܹ̈ܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "spirit",
      "roman": "rūḥā",
      "translation": "spirit",
      "word": "ܪܘܼܚܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "essence",
      "roman": "yāṯā",
      "translation": "essence",
      "word": "ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "soul (the core or essential aspect required for being)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ܢܦܫܐ-aii-noun-8G-zX8Fa",
      "links": [
        [
          "soul",
          "soul"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 50 22 13 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 48 22 13 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 48 21 13 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic nouns with irregular gender",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 49 22 13 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms belonging to the root ܢ ܦ ܫ",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "psyche (the human mind as the central force in thought, emotion, and behavior of an individual)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ܢܦܫܐ-aii-noun-V4MQsDm6",
      "links": [
        [
          "psyche",
          "psyche"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "person, soul (e.g., in a census, as a numerative in statistics)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ܢܦܫܐ-aii-noun-eqc8Mi4c",
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "soul",
          "soul"
        ],
        [
          "census",
          "census"
        ],
        [
          "numerative",
          "numerative"
        ],
        [
          "statistics",
          "statistics"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with collocations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He killed himself. [reflexive]",
          "roman": "qṭīl lēh nafšēh",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "ܩܛܝܼܠ ܠܹܗ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ",
          "translation": "He killed himself. [reflexive]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I saw myself in the mirror. [reflexive]",
          "roman": "ḥzē lī nafšī b-nawrā.",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "ܚܙܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܝܼ ܒܢܲܘܪܵܐ.",
          "translation": "I saw myself in the mirror. [reflexive]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "self (one individual’s personality, character, demeanor, or disposition)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ܢܦܫܐ-aii-noun-ZuqRQPT2",
      "links": [
        [
          "self",
          "self"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ܪܘܼܚܵܐ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ܓܵܢܵܐ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with collocations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_literal_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the same thing",
          "literal_meaning": "the thing itself",
          "roman": "mindī nafšēh",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "ܡܸܢܕܝܼ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ",
          "translation": "the same thing",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_literal_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the same person",
          "literal_meaning": "the person himself",
          "roman": "parṣōpā nafšēh",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "ܦܲܪܨܘܿܦܵܐ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ",
          "translation": "the same person",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_literal_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the same hour",
          "literal_meaning": "the hour itself",
          "roman": "šāˁṯā nafšāh",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܗ̇",
          "translation": "the same hour",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "same used before or after the noun with an enclitic pronoun attached to it"
      ],
      "id": "en-ܢܦܫܐ-aii-noun-MyCYkiXv",
      "links": [
        [
          "same",
          "same"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nafʃɑː]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[noːʃɑː]",
      "note": "Nineveh Plains"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[noːʃɑː]",
      "note": "Urmia"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ܢܦܫܐ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic feminine nouns",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic lemmas",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic nouns",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic nouns with irregular gender",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic semantic loans from Classical Syriac",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms belonging to the root ܢ ܦ ܫ",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms derived from Aramaic",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms derived from Classical Syriac",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms derived from Proto-Semitic",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms inherited from Aramaic",
    "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic",
    "Classical Syriac entries with incorrect language header",
    "Classical Syriac feminine nouns",
    "Classical Syriac lemmas",
    "Classical Syriac nouns",
    "Classical Syriac nouns with irregular gender",
    "Classical Syriac nouns with irregular plurals",
    "Classical Syriac terms derived from Proto-Semitic",
    "Classical Syriac terms inherited from Proto-Semitic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "animate",
      "roman": "nafšānā",
      "translation": "animate",
      "word": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "psychological",
      "roman": "nafšānāyā",
      "translation": "psychological",
      "word": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܝܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "actually, in fact; by one’s self",
      "roman": "bnafšā",
      "translation": "actually, in fact; by one’s self",
      "word": "ܒܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "vivacious",
      "roman": "ḥay nafšā",
      "translation": "vivacious",
      "word": "ܚܲܝ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "self-respectful",
      "roman": "kḥīḏ nafšā",
      "translation": "self-respectful",
      "word": "ܟܚܝܼܕ݂ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "even-tempered",
      "roman": "ˁazīz nafšā",
      "translation": "even-tempered",
      "word": "ܥܲܙܝܼܙ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "magnanimous",
      "roman": "raḇ nafšā",
      "translation": "magnanimous",
      "word": "ܪܲܒ݂ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "proud",
      "roman": "rām nafšā",
      "translation": "proud",
      "word": "ܪܵܡ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "metempsychosis",
      "roman": "šūpāḵ nafšā",
      "translation": "metempsychosis",
      "word": "ܫܘܼܦܵܟ݂ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "confident",
      "roman": "tḵīl nafšā",
      "translation": "confident",
      "word": "ܬܟ݂ܝܼܠ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ܢ ܦ ܫ"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "aii-root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aii",
        "2": "arc",
        "3": "נַפְשָׁא",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "nap̄šā",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Aramaic נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aii",
        "2": "arc",
        "3": "נַפְשָׁא",
        "tr": "nap̄šā"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Aramaic נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aii",
        "2": "sem-pro",
        "3": "*napš-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Semitic *napš-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "napištum",
        "3": "𒍣",
        "tr": "napištum"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒍣 (napištum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "نَفْس"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic نَفْس (nafs)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "נֶפֶשׁ",
        "tr": "néfesh"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ (néfesh)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uga",
        "2": "𐎐𐎔𐎌",
        "ts": "napšu"
      },
      "expansion": "Ugaritic 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /⁠napšu⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aii",
        "2": "syc",
        "3": "-",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "semantic loan from Classical Syriac",
      "name": "sl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Aramaic נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā), from Proto-Semitic *napš-; compare Akkadian 𒍣 (napištum), Arabic نَفْس (nafs), Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ (néfesh), and Ugaritic 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /⁠napšu⁠/). The final senses of “self” and “same” are a semantic loan from Classical Syriac as a substitute of the Kurdish loanword ܓܵܢܵܐ (gānā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nafšā",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ",
      "roman": "nafšāṯā",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aii-infl-noun/m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܦ̮ܸܫ",
      "roman": "nfiš",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܝܼ",
      "roman": "nafšī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܲܢ",
      "roman": "nafšan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܦ̮ܸܫ",
      "roman": "nfiš",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "construct",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܼܟ݂",
      "roman": "nafšōḵ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܟ݂ܝ",
      "roman": "nafšāḵ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
      "roman": "nafšawḵōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ",
      "roman": "nafšā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ",
      "roman": "nafšēh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܗ̇",
      "roman": "nafšāh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܗܘܿܢ",
      "roman": "nafšhōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-form",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢ̈",
      "roman": "nafšān",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈",
      "roman": "nafšāṯī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܲܢ̈",
      "roman": "nafšāṯan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessed-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂̈",
      "roman": "nafšāṯ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "construct",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂",
      "roman": "nafšāṯōḵ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈",
      "roman": "nafšāṯāḵ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
      "roman": "nafšāṯawḵōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-form",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ",
      "roman": "nafšāṯā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܹܗ",
      "roman": "nafšāṯēh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܗ̇",
      "roman": "nafšāṯāh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessed-form",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܗ̈ܘܿܢ",
      "roman": "nafšāṯhōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessed-form",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ",
        "2": "f-s",
        "pl": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ"
      },
      "expansion": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ • (nafšā) f sg (plural ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ (nafšāṯā))",
      "name": "aii-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫ",
        "fempl": "1",
        "ircstr": "ܢܦ̮ܸܫ",
        "sirs": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫ"
      },
      "name": "aii-infl-noun/m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl.1cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܲܢ̈",
        "pl.1cs": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈",
        "pl.2cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
        "pl.2fs": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈",
        "pl.2ms": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂",
        "pl.3cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂ܗ̈ܘܿܢ",
        "pl.3fs": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܗ̇",
        "pl.3ms": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܹܗ",
        "pl.abs.": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢ̈",
        "pl.cstr.": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ݂̈",
        "pl.emph.": "ܢܲܦ̮̈ܫܵܬ݂ܵܐ",
        "sg.1cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܲܢ",
        "sg.1cs": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܝܼ",
        "sg.2cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ",
        "sg.2fs": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܟ݂ܝ",
        "sg.2ms": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܼܟ݂",
        "sg.3cp": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܗܘܿܢ",
        "sg.3fs": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܗ̇",
        "sg.3ms": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ",
        "sg.abs.": "ܢܦ̮ܸܫ",
        "sg.cstr.": "ܢܦ̮ܸܫ",
        "sg.emph.": "ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ"
      },
      "name": "aii-infl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
  "lang_code": "aii",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "nature",
      "roman": "kyānā",
      "translation": "nature",
      "word": "ܟܝܵܢܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "person",
      "roman": "parṣōpā",
      "translation": "person",
      "word": "ܦܲܪܨܘܿܦܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "hypostasis",
      "roman": "qnōmā",
      "translation": "hypostasis",
      "word": "ܩܢܘܿܡܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "hypostatic properties",
      "roman": "appē",
      "translation": "hypostatic properties",
      "word": "ܐܲܦܹ̈ܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "spirit",
      "roman": "rūḥā",
      "translation": "spirit",
      "word": "ܪܘܼܚܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "english": "essence",
      "roman": "yāṯā",
      "translation": "essence",
      "word": "ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "soul (the core or essential aspect required for being)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "soul",
          "soul"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "psyche (the human mind as the central force in thought, emotion, and behavior of an individual)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "psyche",
          "psyche"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "person, soul (e.g., in a census, as a numerative in statistics)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "soul",
          "soul"
        ],
        [
          "census",
          "census"
        ],
        [
          "numerative",
          "numerative"
        ],
        [
          "statistics",
          "statistics"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He killed himself. [reflexive]",
          "roman": "qṭīl lēh nafšēh",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "ܩܛܝܼܠ ܠܹܗ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ",
          "translation": "He killed himself. [reflexive]",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I saw myself in the mirror. [reflexive]",
          "roman": "ḥzē lī nafšī b-nawrā.",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "ܚܙܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܝܼ ܒܢܲܘܪܵܐ.",
          "translation": "I saw myself in the mirror. [reflexive]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "self (one individual’s personality, character, demeanor, or disposition)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "self",
          "self"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ܪܘܼܚܵܐ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ܓܵܢܵܐ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_literal_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the same thing",
          "literal_meaning": "the thing itself",
          "roman": "mindī nafšēh",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "ܡܸܢܕܝܼ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ",
          "translation": "the same thing",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_literal_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the same person",
          "literal_meaning": "the person himself",
          "roman": "parṣōpā nafšēh",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "ܦܲܪܨܘܿܦܵܐ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ",
          "translation": "the same person",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_literal_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the same hour",
          "literal_meaning": "the hour itself",
          "roman": "šāˁṯā nafšāh",
          "tags": [
            "collocation"
          ],
          "text": "ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܗ̇",
          "translation": "the same hour",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "same used before or after the noun with an enclitic pronoun attached to it"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "same",
          "same"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nafʃɑː]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[noːʃɑː]",
      "note": "Nineveh Plains"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[noːʃɑː]",
      "note": "Urmia"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ܢܦܫܐ"
}