"ت ر ج م" meaning in Arabic

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xlu",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Luwian",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "syc",
        "3": "ܬܰܪܓܡܳܢܳܐ",
        "t": "interpreter",
        "tr": "targmānā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܬܰܪܓܡܳܢܳܐ (targmānā, “interpreter”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "syc",
        "3": "ܬܰܪܓܶܡ",
        "t": "to speak in public; to interpret",
        "tr": "targem"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܬܰܪܓܶܡ (targem, “to speak in public; to interpret”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "akk",
        "3": "targumannum",
        "4": "𒅴𒁄",
        "t": "interpreter",
        "tr": "targumannum"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒅴𒁄 (targumannum, “interpreter”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-eth",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ethiopian Semitic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gez",
        "2": "ተርጐመ",
        "tr": "tärgʷämä"
      },
      "expansion": "Ge'ez ተርጐመ (tärgʷämä)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "torqueō",
        "t": "to twist"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin torqueō (“to twist”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तर्क",
        "t": "reasoning"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तर्क (tarka, “reasoning”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vertō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vertō",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "turn"
      },
      "expansion": "English turn",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "There has been noted the correspondence of this root in Arabic and the other Semitic languages to the Hittite and Luwian verb 𒋻𒄣𒈠𒀀𒄿 (tarkummāi) / 𒋻𒄣𒈪𒅀 (tarkummiya) of the meaning “to announce”, “to explain”, which can be explained by there not being a Proto-Semitic predecessor, but Arabic having borrowed the root via Classical Syriac ܬܰܪܓܡܳܢܳܐ (targmānā, “interpreter”) and/or Classical Syriac ܬܰܪܓܶܡ (targem, “to speak in public; to interpret”), and Aramaic from Akkadian 𒅴𒁄 (targumannum, “interpreter”), possibly borrowed or alternatively derived natively from 𒅗𒂷𒂷 (ragāmum, “to shout, to exclaim, to cast forth a prophecy; hence also, to speak for the gods, to speak for another, to interpret, and to rede”). Hebrew – תֻּרְגְּמָן (turg'mán, “translator”), תִּרְגֵּם (tirgém, “to translate”) – would have loaned the root from Aramaic, and the well-developed Ethiopian Semitic root (see Ge'ez ተርጐመ (tärgʷämä)) is also claimed to be of Aramaic origin.\nFor the thesis of a loanword in Semitic speaks:\n* the variation in forms, especially in Arabic and Akkadian which are else not prone to variations of vowels\n* a slight strain of specialization in meaning from Aramaic to Arabic and Ethiopic, as the meaning of “speaking in public” or “announcing” gets lost south-east of Aramaic\n* the observation of a “wandering from West to East”\n* the identification of the ending of the Akkadian noun as not -ānu, but -annu which only appears in loanwords in Akkadian\nBut as for Hittite, there is no weighty Indo-European derivation for the Anatolian verb, it shows features of being denominal, and there is no attested instance of it precisely meaning “to translate” or “to serve as language mediator for”, while it is striking that the occupational noun is not at all attested in Anatolian. Also there is culturally no reason to assume that Akkadian has borrowed the word for this specific concept specifically from Anatolian, as it was a long-established practice to converse diplomatically through interpreters.\nThe conclusion can be that Akkadian has borrowed from an unknown language, whereas what the Hittite forms are is in sum uncertain, and their value for Semitic has been that they have incited thoughts about the origins of the Semitic root t-r-g-m whilst being unrelated.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "t-r-j-m",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ت",
        "2": "ر",
        "3": "ج",
        "4": "م"
      },
      "expansion": "ت ر ج م • (t-r-j-m)",
      "name": "ar-root"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Arabic",
  "lang_code": "ar",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Arabic roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ge'ez terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "Verbs"
        },
        {
          "word": "Nouns"
        },
        {
          "roman": "tarjumān",
          "word": "تَرْجُمَان"
        },
        {
          "english": "translator, interpreter",
          "roman": "turjumān",
          "word": "تُرْجُمَان"
        },
        {
          "english": "translator, interpreter",
          "roman": "mutarjim",
          "word": "مُتَرْجِم"
        },
        {
          "roman": "tarjama",
          "sense": "Form Iq: تَرْجَمَ (tarjama, “to translate, to interpret”); Verbal noun",
          "word": "تَرْجَمَة"
        },
        {
          "roman": "mutarjim",
          "sense": "Form Iq: تَرْجَمَ (tarjama, “to translate, to interpret”); Active participle",
          "word": "مُتَرْجِم"
        },
        {
          "roman": "mutarjam",
          "sense": "Form Iq: تَرْجَمَ (tarjama, “to translate, to interpret”)",
          "tags": [
            "participle",
            "passive"
          ],
          "word": "مُتَرْجَم"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "related to translation, interpretation"
      ],
      "id": "en-ت_ر_ج_م-ar-root-mQh2Tk1f",
      "links": [
        [
          "translation",
          "translation#English"
        ],
        [
          "interpretation",
          "interpretation#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ت ر ج م"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Verbs"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tarjama",
      "sense": "Form Iq: تَرْجَمَ (tarjama, “to translate, to interpret”); Verbal noun",
      "word": "تَرْجَمَة"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mutarjim",
      "sense": "Form Iq: تَرْجَمَ (tarjama, “to translate, to interpret”); Active participle",
      "word": "مُتَرْجِم"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mutarjam",
      "sense": "Form Iq: تَرْجَمَ (tarjama, “to translate, to interpret”)",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive"
      ],
      "word": "مُتَرْجَم"
    },
    {
      "word": "Nouns"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tarjumān",
      "word": "تَرْجُمَان"
    },
    {
      "english": "translator, interpreter",
      "roman": "turjumān",
      "word": "تُرْجُمَان"
    },
    {
      "english": "translator, interpreter",
      "roman": "mutarjim",
      "word": "مُتَرْجِم"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xlu",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Luwian",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "syc",
        "3": "ܬܰܪܓܡܳܢܳܐ",
        "t": "interpreter",
        "tr": "targmānā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܬܰܪܓܡܳܢܳܐ (targmānā, “interpreter”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "syc",
        "3": "ܬܰܪܓܶܡ",
        "t": "to speak in public; to interpret",
        "tr": "targem"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܬܰܪܓܶܡ (targem, “to speak in public; to interpret”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "akk",
        "3": "targumannum",
        "4": "𒅴𒁄",
        "t": "interpreter",
        "tr": "targumannum"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒅴𒁄 (targumannum, “interpreter”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-eth",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ethiopian Semitic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gez",
        "2": "ተርጐመ",
        "tr": "tärgʷämä"
      },
      "expansion": "Ge'ez ተርጐመ (tärgʷämä)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "torqueō",
        "t": "to twist"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin torqueō (“to twist”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "तर्क",
        "t": "reasoning"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit तर्क (tarka, “reasoning”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vertō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vertō",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "turn"
      },
      "expansion": "English turn",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "There has been noted the correspondence of this root in Arabic and the other Semitic languages to the Hittite and Luwian verb 𒋻𒄣𒈠𒀀𒄿 (tarkummāi) / 𒋻𒄣𒈪𒅀 (tarkummiya) of the meaning “to announce”, “to explain”, which can be explained by there not being a Proto-Semitic predecessor, but Arabic having borrowed the root via Classical Syriac ܬܰܪܓܡܳܢܳܐ (targmānā, “interpreter”) and/or Classical Syriac ܬܰܪܓܶܡ (targem, “to speak in public; to interpret”), and Aramaic from Akkadian 𒅴𒁄 (targumannum, “interpreter”), possibly borrowed or alternatively derived natively from 𒅗𒂷𒂷 (ragāmum, “to shout, to exclaim, to cast forth a prophecy; hence also, to speak for the gods, to speak for another, to interpret, and to rede”). Hebrew – תֻּרְגְּמָן (turg'mán, “translator”), תִּרְגֵּם (tirgém, “to translate”) – would have loaned the root from Aramaic, and the well-developed Ethiopian Semitic root (see Ge'ez ተርጐመ (tärgʷämä)) is also claimed to be of Aramaic origin.\nFor the thesis of a loanword in Semitic speaks:\n* the variation in forms, especially in Arabic and Akkadian which are else not prone to variations of vowels\n* a slight strain of specialization in meaning from Aramaic to Arabic and Ethiopic, as the meaning of “speaking in public” or “announcing” gets lost south-east of Aramaic\n* the observation of a “wandering from West to East”\n* the identification of the ending of the Akkadian noun as not -ānu, but -annu which only appears in loanwords in Akkadian\nBut as for Hittite, there is no weighty Indo-European derivation for the Anatolian verb, it shows features of being denominal, and there is no attested instance of it precisely meaning “to translate” or “to serve as language mediator for”, while it is striking that the occupational noun is not at all attested in Anatolian. Also there is culturally no reason to assume that Akkadian has borrowed the word for this specific concept specifically from Anatolian, as it was a long-established practice to converse diplomatically through interpreters.\nThe conclusion can be that Akkadian has borrowed from an unknown language, whereas what the Hittite forms are is in sum uncertain, and their value for Semitic has been that they have incited thoughts about the origins of the Semitic root t-r-g-m whilst being unrelated.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "t-r-j-m",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ت",
        "2": "ر",
        "3": "ج",
        "4": "م"
      },
      "expansion": "ت ر ج م • (t-r-j-m)",
      "name": "ar-root"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Arabic",
  "lang_code": "ar",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Arabic lemmas",
        "Arabic multiword terms",
        "Arabic roots",
        "Arabic terms borrowed from Classical Syriac",
        "Arabic terms derived from Akkadian",
        "Arabic terms derived from Classical Syriac",
        "Arabic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Arabic terms with redundant script codes",
        "Arabic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Ge'ez terms with redundant transliterations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "related to translation, interpretation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "translation",
          "translation#English"
        ],
        [
          "interpretation",
          "interpretation#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ت ر ج م"
}