"ῥάφανος" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "raphanus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: raphanus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: raphanus (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Raphanus",
            "2": "genus"
          },
          "expansion": "Raphanus",
          "name": "taxfmt"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Translingual: Raphanus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rāpum",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turnip"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rāpum (“turnip”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "ruoba",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turnip, rape"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ruoba (“turnip, rape”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "rope",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turnip"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian rope (“turnip”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "raba"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German raba",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*rěpa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turnip"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rěpa (“turnip”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The formation is similar to other plant names, such as λάχανον (lákhanon), πήγανον (pḗganon) and πύανος (púanos). Since the word is widespread only in Europe, and since it has variant forms, it cannot be an inherited word from Indo-European, but must have been borrowed instead, or otherwise belong to a substrate. Latin rāpum (“turnip”), Old High German ruoba (“turnip, rape”) and Lithuanian rope (“turnip”) point to a pre-form *rāp-; beside this we find Old High German raba and Proto-Slavic *rěpa (“turnip”), which point to *rēp-. In Greek we find also ῥάπυς (rhápus) and ῥάφυς (rháphus, “turnip”). Since the variation \"π/φ\" and the suffix \"-αν-\" are evidently Pre-Greek features, the word may originally be of substrate stock; thence the European cognates cited above were borrowed.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ῥάφᾰνος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rháphanos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῥαφᾰ́νου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ ῥάφᾰνος",
      "roman": "hē rháphanos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ῥαφᾰ́νω",
      "roman": "tṑ rhaphánō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ ῥάφᾰνοι",
      "roman": "hai rháphanoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς ῥαφᾰ́νου",
      "roman": "tês rhaphánou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ῥαφᾰ́νοιν",
      "roman": "toîn rhaphánoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ῥαφᾰ́νων",
      "roman": "tôn rhaphánōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ ῥαφᾰ́νῳ",
      "roman": "têi rhaphánōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ῥαφᾰ́νοιν",
      "roman": "toîn rhaphánoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς ῥαφᾰ́νοις",
      "roman": "taîs rhaphánois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν ῥάφᾰνον",
      "roman": "tḕn rháphanon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ῥαφᾰ́νω",
      "roman": "tṑ rhaphánō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς ῥαφᾰ́νους",
      "roman": "tā̀s rhaphánous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῥάφᾰνε",
      "roman": "rháphane",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῥαφᾰ́νω",
      "roman": "rhaphánō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῥάφᾰνοι",
      "roman": "rháphanoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ῥάφᾰνος",
        "2": "ῥαφᾰ́νου",
        "3": "f",
        "4": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "ῥάφᾰνος • (rháphanos) f (genitive ῥαφᾰ́νου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ῥάφᾰνος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "F"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Crucifers",
          "orig": "grc:Crucifers",
          "parents": [
            "Brassicales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "rhaphanélaion",
          "word": "ῥαφανέλαιον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rhaphanēdón",
          "word": "ῥαφανηδόν"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rhapháninos",
          "word": "ῥαφάνινος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rhaphánion",
          "word": "ῥαφάνιον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rhaphanís",
          "word": "ῥαφανίς"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rhaphanîtis",
          "word": "ῥαφανῖτις"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rhaphanourós",
          "word": "ῥαφανουρός"
        },
        {
          "roman": "khamairáphanos",
          "word": "χαμαιράφανος"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cabbage (Brassica cretica)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ῥάφανος-grc-noun-c670aJrd",
      "links": [
        [
          "cabbage",
          "cabbage"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "rhaphánē",
          "word": "ῥαφάνη"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rhéphanos",
          "word": "ῥέφανος"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/r̥á.pʰa.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.ɸa.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.fa.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/r̥á.pʰa.nos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.pʰa.nos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.ɸa.nos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.fa.nos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.fa.nos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ῥάφανος"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "rhaphanélaion",
      "word": "ῥαφανέλαιον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rhaphanēdón",
      "word": "ῥαφανηδόν"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rhapháninos",
      "word": "ῥαφάνινος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rhaphánion",
      "word": "ῥαφάνιον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rhaphanís",
      "word": "ῥαφανίς"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rhaphanîtis",
      "word": "ῥαφανῖτις"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rhaphanourós",
      "word": "ῥαφανουρός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "khamairáphanos",
      "word": "χαμαιράφανος"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "raphanus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: raphanus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: raphanus (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Raphanus",
            "2": "genus"
          },
          "expansion": "Raphanus",
          "name": "taxfmt"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Translingual: Raphanus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rāpum",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turnip"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rāpum (“turnip”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "ruoba",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turnip, rape"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German ruoba (“turnip, rape”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "rope",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turnip"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian rope (“turnip”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "raba"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German raba",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*rěpa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "turnip"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rěpa (“turnip”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The formation is similar to other plant names, such as λάχανον (lákhanon), πήγανον (pḗganon) and πύανος (púanos). Since the word is widespread only in Europe, and since it has variant forms, it cannot be an inherited word from Indo-European, but must have been borrowed instead, or otherwise belong to a substrate. Latin rāpum (“turnip”), Old High German ruoba (“turnip, rape”) and Lithuanian rope (“turnip”) point to a pre-form *rāp-; beside this we find Old High German raba and Proto-Slavic *rěpa (“turnip”), which point to *rēp-. In Greek we find also ῥάπυς (rhápus) and ῥάφυς (rháphus, “turnip”). Since the variation \"π/φ\" and the suffix \"-αν-\" are evidently Pre-Greek features, the word may originally be of substrate stock; thence the European cognates cited above were borrowed.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ῥάφᾰνος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rháphanos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῥαφᾰ́νου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ ῥάφᾰνος",
      "roman": "hē rháphanos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ῥαφᾰ́νω",
      "roman": "tṑ rhaphánō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ ῥάφᾰνοι",
      "roman": "hai rháphanoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς ῥαφᾰ́νου",
      "roman": "tês rhaphánou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ῥαφᾰ́νοιν",
      "roman": "toîn rhaphánoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ῥαφᾰ́νων",
      "roman": "tôn rhaphánōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ ῥαφᾰ́νῳ",
      "roman": "têi rhaphánōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ῥαφᾰ́νοιν",
      "roman": "toîn rhaphánoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς ῥαφᾰ́νοις",
      "roman": "taîs rhaphánois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν ῥάφᾰνον",
      "roman": "tḕn rháphanon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ῥαφᾰ́νω",
      "roman": "tṑ rhaphánō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς ῥαφᾰ́νους",
      "roman": "tā̀s rhaphánous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῥάφᾰνε",
      "roman": "rháphane",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῥαφᾰ́νω",
      "roman": "rhaphánō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῥάφᾰνοι",
      "roman": "rháphanoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ῥάφᾰνος",
        "2": "ῥαφᾰ́νου",
        "3": "f",
        "4": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "ῥάφᾰνος • (rháphanos) f (genitive ῥαφᾰ́νου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ῥάφᾰνος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "F"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the second declension",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "grc:Crucifers"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cabbage (Brassica cretica)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cabbage",
          "cabbage"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/r̥á.pʰa.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.ɸa.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.fa.nos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/r̥á.pʰa.nos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.pʰa.nos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.ɸa.nos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.fa.nos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈra.fa.nos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "rhaphánē",
      "word": "ῥαφάνη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rhéphanos",
      "word": "ῥέφανος"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ῥάφανος"
}