"ἶρις" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "írinos",
      "word": "ἴρινος"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ϝῖρις"
      },
      "expansion": "*ϝῖρις (*wîris)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*weh₁i-r(o)-",
        "5": "a twist, thread, cord, wire"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-r(o)- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*weh₁y-",
        "3": "*weh₁i-",
        "4": "to turn, twist, weave, plait"
      },
      "expansion": "*weh₁i- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wire"
      },
      "expansion": "English wire",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "vira",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to twist"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish vira (“to twist”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vieō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "weave together"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vieō (“weave together”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gŵyr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bent"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gŵyr (“bent”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ε",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ε",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ι",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ι",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), then from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-r(o)- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁i- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). Cognates include English wire, Swedish vira (“to twist”), Latin vieō (“weave together”), Welsh gŵyr (“bent”).\nAlternatively, Furnée argues for Pre-Greek origin to account for the irregular variation between ⟨ε⟩ and ⟨ι⟩; Beekes concurs.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "îris",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῑ̓́ρῐδος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ ἶρῐς",
      "roman": "hē îris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε",
      "roman": "tṑ ī́ride",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ ῑ̓́ρῐδες",
      "roman": "hai ī́rides",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς ῑ̓́ρῐδος",
      "roman": "tês ī́ridos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn īrídoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ῑ̓ρῐ́δων",
      "roman": "tôn īrídōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ ῑ̓́ρῐδῐ",
      "roman": "têi ī́ridi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn īrídoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς ῑ̓́ρῐσῐ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῑ̓́ρῐσῐν",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs ī́risi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs ī́risin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν ἶριν",
      "roman": "tḕn îrin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἴρῐδα",
      "roman": "írida",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε",
      "roman": "tṑ ī́ride",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓́ρῐδᾰς",
      "roman": "tā̀s ī́ridas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἶρι",
      "roman": "îri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῑ̓́ρῐδε",
      "roman": "ī́ride",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῑ̓́ρῐδες",
      "roman": "ī́rides",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ῑ̓́ρῐδος",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "third",
        "head": "ἶρις"
      },
      "expansion": "ἶρις • (îris) f (genitive ῑ̓́ρῐδος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἶρις",
        "2": "ῑ̓́ρῐδος",
        "AS": "ἶριν / ἴρῐδα",
        "VS": "ἶρι"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rainbow"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἶρις-grc-noun-j87QC2zi",
      "links": [
        [
          "rainbow",
          "rainbow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 43 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 71 27",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Atmospheric phenomena",
          "orig": "grc:Atmospheric phenomena",
          "parents": [
            "Atmosphere",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "halo"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἶρις-grc-noun-pOY7ys9s",
      "links": [
        [
          "halo",
          "halo"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 43 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 41 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 42 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "various species of the genus Iris"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἶρις-grc-noun-bujrLtZZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "species",
          "species"
        ],
        [
          "Iris",
          "Iris"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/îː.ris/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/îː.ris/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "éris",
      "word": "ἔρῐς"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ἶρις"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek properispomenon terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant head parameter",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
    "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
    "grc:Atmospheric phenomena"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "írinos",
      "word": "ἴρινος"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ϝῖρις"
      },
      "expansion": "*ϝῖρις (*wîris)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*weh₁i-r(o)-",
        "5": "a twist, thread, cord, wire"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-r(o)- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*weh₁y-",
        "3": "*weh₁i-",
        "4": "to turn, twist, weave, plait"
      },
      "expansion": "*weh₁i- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wire"
      },
      "expansion": "English wire",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "vira",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to twist"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish vira (“to twist”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vieō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "weave together"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vieō (“weave together”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gŵyr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bent"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gŵyr (“bent”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ε",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ε",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ι",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ι",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), then from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-r(o)- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁i- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). Cognates include English wire, Swedish vira (“to twist”), Latin vieō (“weave together”), Welsh gŵyr (“bent”).\nAlternatively, Furnée argues for Pre-Greek origin to account for the irregular variation between ⟨ε⟩ and ⟨ι⟩; Beekes concurs.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "îris",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῑ̓́ρῐδος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ ἶρῐς",
      "roman": "hē îris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε",
      "roman": "tṑ ī́ride",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ ῑ̓́ρῐδες",
      "roman": "hai ī́rides",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς ῑ̓́ρῐδος",
      "roman": "tês ī́ridos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn īrídoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ῑ̓ρῐ́δων",
      "roman": "tôn īrídōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ ῑ̓́ρῐδῐ",
      "roman": "têi ī́ridi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν",
      "roman": "toîn īrídoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς ῑ̓́ρῐσῐ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῑ̓́ρῐσῐν",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs ī́risi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "taîs ī́risin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν ἶριν",
      "roman": "tḕn îrin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἴρῐδα",
      "roman": "írida",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε",
      "roman": "tṑ ī́ride",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓́ρῐδᾰς",
      "roman": "tā̀s ī́ridas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἶρι",
      "roman": "îri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῑ̓́ρῐδε",
      "roman": "ī́ride",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ῑ̓́ρῐδες",
      "roman": "ī́rides",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ῑ̓́ρῐδος",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "third",
        "head": "ἶρις"
      },
      "expansion": "ἶρις • (îris) f (genitive ῑ̓́ρῐδος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἶρις",
        "2": "ῑ̓́ρῐδος",
        "AS": "ἶριν / ἴρῐδα",
        "VS": "ἶρι"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rainbow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rainbow",
          "rainbow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "halo"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "halo",
          "halo"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "various species of the genus Iris"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "species",
          "species"
        ],
        [
          "Iris",
          "Iris"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/îː.ris/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/îː.ris/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈi.ris/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "éris",
      "word": "ἔρῐς"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ἶρις"
}