See ἀσπίς in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "aspidiṓtēs",
"word": "ἀσπιδιώτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "aspidopoiós",
"word": "ἀσπιδοποιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "aspidokhelṓnē",
"word": "ἀσπιδοχελώνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "aspistḗs",
"word": "ἀσπιστής"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "aspis",
"bor": "yes"
},
"expansion": "→ English: aspis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: aspis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ασπίδα"
},
"expansion": "Greek: ασπίδα (aspída)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: ασπίδα (aspída)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "aspis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: aspis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: aspis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "га́спид",
"bor": "yes"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: га́спид (háspyd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: га́спид (háspyd), а́спид (áspyd), а́спід (áspid)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shield"
},
"expansion": "“shield”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀ-",
"3": "σπίζω",
"t2": "to extend"
},
"expansion": "ἀ- (a-) + σπίζω (spízō, “to extend”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂esp-",
"t": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "asper",
"t": "rough, sharp"
},
"expansion": "Latin asper (“rough, sharp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"t": "to cut down",
"tr": "ḫasp-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-, “to cut down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ίς"
},
"expansion": "-ίς (-ís)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "snake"
},
"expansion": "“snake”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "For the “shield” sense, traditionally derived from ἀ- (a-) + σπίζω (spízō, “to extend”). Beekes implicitly rejects this theory, and instead endorses Melchert's derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”), whence also Latin asper (“rough, sharp”), Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-, “to cut down”), though neither author explains why the suffix -ίς (-ís) (usually of Pre-Greek origin) should be expected to have back-formed from an i-stem.\nThe “snake” sense is most likely a semantic extension of the sense above, named after the \"shield\" formed by the cobra's neck when it rises up or attacks.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπίς",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ăspís",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπίδος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ ᾰ̓σπῐ́ς",
"roman": "hē ăspĭ́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε",
"roman": "ăspĭ́de",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "αἱ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δες",
"roman": "hai ăspĭ́des",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς ᾰ̓σπῐ́δος",
"roman": "tês ăspĭ́dos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δοιν",
"roman": "ăspĭ́doin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δων",
"roman": "ăspĭ́dōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δῐ",
"roman": "têi ăspĭ́dĭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δοιν",
"roman": "ăspĭ́doin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ταῖς ᾰ̓σπῐ́σῐ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́σῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taîs ăspĭ́sĭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taîs ăspĭ́sĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν ᾰ̓σπῐ́δᾰ",
"roman": "tḕn ăspĭ́dă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε",
"roman": "ăspĭ́de",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓σπῐ́δᾰς",
"roman": "tā̀s ăspĭ́dăs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́",
"roman": "ăspĭ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε",
"roman": "ăspĭ́de",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δες",
"roman": "ăspĭ́des",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ᾰ̓σπίδος",
"2": "f",
"3": "third",
"head": "ᾰ̓σπίς"
},
"expansion": "ᾰ̓σπίς • (ăspís) f (genitive ᾰ̓σπίδος); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́ς",
"2": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δος",
"VS": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́",
"form": "F"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shield"
],
"id": "en-ἀσπίς-grc-noun-BypibtLW",
"links": [
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 21 9 6 6 27 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"collective, body of men-at-arms"
],
"id": "en-ἀσπίς-grc-noun-Wpj2V-p3",
"links": [
[
"collective",
"collective"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"men-at-arms",
"men-at-arms"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "δόρυ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "grc:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 30 41 3 3 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "grc:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on the left"
],
"id": "en-ἀσπίς-grc-noun-eNpEQdDU",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"left",
"left"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) on the left"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a round, flat bowl"
],
"id": "en-ἀσπίς-grc-noun-ylc687v5",
"links": [
[
"bowl",
"bowl"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a boss or knob on a door"
],
"id": "en-ἀσπίς-grc-noun-ptAwVt0j",
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"knob",
"knob"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 20 6 4 4 49 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 21 9 6 6 27 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 9 7 7 36 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms prefixed with ἀ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 20 8 5 5 43 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ίς",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 22 3 1 1 67 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 20 2 1 1 62 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 6 2 2 66 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Snakes",
"orig": "grc:Snakes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"asp, Egyptian cobra"
],
"id": "en-ἀσπίς-grc-noun-3tYHAswS",
"links": [
[
"asp",
"asp"
],
[
"Egyptian cobra",
"Egyptian cobra"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 21 9 6 6 27 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ornament in the form of an asp"
],
"id": "en-ἀσπίς-grc-noun-bpvE3upu",
"links": [
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/as.pís/"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/"
},
{
"ipa": "/as.pís/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alan Nussbaum",
"Aspis"
],
"word": "ἀσπίς"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms prefixed with ἀ-",
"Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ίς",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms",
"grc:Armor",
"grc:Snakes"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "aspidiṓtēs",
"word": "ἀσπιδιώτης"
},
{
"roman": "aspidopoiós",
"word": "ἀσπιδοποιός"
},
{
"roman": "aspidokhelṓnē",
"word": "ἀσπιδοχελώνη"
},
{
"roman": "aspistḗs",
"word": "ἀσπιστής"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "aspis",
"bor": "yes"
},
"expansion": "→ English: aspis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: aspis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "ασπίδα"
},
"expansion": "Greek: ασπίδα (aspída)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: ασπίδα (aspída)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "aspis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: aspis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: aspis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "га́спид",
"bor": "yes"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: га́спид (háspyd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: га́спид (háspyd), а́спид (áspyd), а́спід (áspid)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shield"
},
"expansion": "“shield”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀ-",
"3": "σπίζω",
"t2": "to extend"
},
"expansion": "ἀ- (a-) + σπίζω (spízō, “to extend”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂esp-",
"t": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "asper",
"t": "rough, sharp"
},
"expansion": "Latin asper (“rough, sharp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "",
"t": "to cut down",
"tr": "ḫasp-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-, “to cut down”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ίς"
},
"expansion": "-ίς (-ís)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "snake"
},
"expansion": "“snake”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "For the “shield” sense, traditionally derived from ἀ- (a-) + σπίζω (spízō, “to extend”). Beekes implicitly rejects this theory, and instead endorses Melchert's derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”), whence also Latin asper (“rough, sharp”), Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-, “to cut down”), though neither author explains why the suffix -ίς (-ís) (usually of Pre-Greek origin) should be expected to have back-formed from an i-stem.\nThe “snake” sense is most likely a semantic extension of the sense above, named after the \"shield\" formed by the cobra's neck when it rises up or attacks.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπίς",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ăspís",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπίδος",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Third declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ ᾰ̓σπῐ́ς",
"roman": "hē ăspĭ́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε",
"roman": "ăspĭ́de",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "αἱ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δες",
"roman": "hai ăspĭ́des",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς ᾰ̓σπῐ́δος",
"roman": "tês ăspĭ́dos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δοιν",
"roman": "ăspĭ́doin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δων",
"roman": "ăspĭ́dōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ ᾰ̓σπῐ́δῐ",
"roman": "têi ăspĭ́dĭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δοιν",
"roman": "ăspĭ́doin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ταῖς ᾰ̓σπῐ́σῐ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́σῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taîs ăspĭ́sĭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "taîs ăspĭ́sĭn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν ᾰ̓σπῐ́δᾰ",
"roman": "tḕn ăspĭ́dă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε",
"roman": "ăspĭ́de",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓σπῐ́δᾰς",
"roman": "tā̀s ăspĭ́dăs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́",
"roman": "ăspĭ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δε",
"roman": "ăspĭ́de",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δες",
"roman": "ăspĭ́des",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ᾰ̓σπίδος",
"2": "f",
"3": "third",
"head": "ᾰ̓σπίς"
},
"expansion": "ᾰ̓σπίς • (ăspís) f (genitive ᾰ̓σπίδος); third declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́ς",
"2": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́δος",
"VS": "ᾰ̓σπῐ́",
"form": "F"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shield"
],
"links": [
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"collective, body of men-at-arms"
],
"links": [
[
"collective",
"collective"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"men-at-arms",
"men-at-arms"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "δόρυ"
}
],
"categories": [
"grc:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"on the left"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"left",
"left"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) on the left"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a round, flat bowl"
],
"links": [
[
"bowl",
"bowl"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a boss or knob on a door"
],
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"knob",
"knob"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"asp, Egyptian cobra"
],
"links": [
[
"asp",
"asp"
],
[
"Egyptian cobra",
"Egyptian cobra"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ornament in the form of an asp"
],
"links": [
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/as.pís/"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/"
},
{
"ipa": "/as.pís/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/asˈpis/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Alan Nussbaum",
"Aspis"
],
"word": "ἀσπίς"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ἀσπίς meaning in Ancient Greek (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.