See φθόνος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "áphthonos",
"word": "ἄφθονος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "phthonerĭ́ā",
"word": "φθονερῐ́ᾱ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "phthonerós",
"word": "φθονερός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "phthonéō",
"word": "φθονέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "phthónēsĭs",
"word": "φθόνησῐς"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "phthonētéon",
"word": "φθονητέον"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "phthonētĭkós",
"word": "φθονητῐκός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "phthonóletros",
"word": "φθονόλετρος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "φτόνος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: φτόνος (ftónos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: φτόνος (ftónos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ (phthonos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Coptic: ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ (phthonos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "φθόνος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: φθόνος (fthónos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: φθόνος (fthónos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰgʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰen-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "De Vaan tentatively suggests a connection with φθάνω (phthánō, “to anticipate, be ahead of”). According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰen-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "phthónos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ φθόνος",
"roman": "ho phthónos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνω",
"roman": "phthónō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ φθόνοι",
"roman": "hoi phthónoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ φθόνου",
"roman": "toû phthónou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνοιν",
"roman": "phthónoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνων",
"roman": "phthónōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ φθόνῳ",
"roman": "tôi phthónōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνοιν",
"roman": "phthónoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς φθόνοις",
"roman": "toîs phthónois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν φθόνον",
"roman": "tòn phthónon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνω",
"roman": "phthónō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς φθόνους",
"roman": "toùs phthónous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνε",
"roman": "phthóne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνω",
"roman": "phthónō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνοι",
"roman": "phthónoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "φθόνου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "φθόνος • (phthónos) m (genitive φθόνου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "φθόνος",
"2": "ου"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"envy, jealousy"
],
"id": "en-φθόνος-grc-noun-Oh-iaKao",
"links": [
[
"envy",
"envy"
],
[
"jealousy",
"jealousy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"malice, grudge, ill will"
],
"id": "en-φθόνος-grc-noun-FsE6y5zn",
"links": [
[
"malice",
"malice"
],
[
"grudge",
"grudge"
],
[
"ill will",
"ill will"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cause for indignation, reproach"
],
"id": "en-φθόνος-grc-noun-eYIb1Yii",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"indignation",
"indignation"
],
[
"reproach",
"reproach"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"jealousy of the gods"
],
"id": "en-φθόνος-grc-noun-nPVQ9zGr",
"links": [
[
"jealousy",
"jealousy"
],
[
"god",
"god"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 16 15 15 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 16 17 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 16 17 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 15 16 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 11 11 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 6 6 15 51",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "grc:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"refusal for feelings of ill will or envy, grudging"
],
"id": "en-φθόνος-grc-noun-JEuDt-NT",
"links": [
[
"refusal",
"refusal"
],
[
"ill will",
"ill will"
],
[
"envy",
"envy"
],
[
"grudging",
"grudging"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰtʰó.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸθo.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfθo.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰtʰó.nos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʰtʰo.nos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸθo.nos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfθo.nos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfθo.nos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "φθόνος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"grc:Emotions"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "áphthonos",
"word": "ἄφθονος"
},
{
"roman": "phthonerĭ́ā",
"word": "φθονερῐ́ᾱ"
},
{
"roman": "phthonerós",
"word": "φθονερός"
},
{
"roman": "phthonéō",
"word": "φθονέω"
},
{
"roman": "phthónēsĭs",
"word": "φθόνησῐς"
},
{
"roman": "phthonētéon",
"word": "φθονητέον"
},
{
"roman": "phthonētĭkós",
"word": "φθονητῐκός"
},
{
"roman": "phthonóletros",
"word": "φθονόλετρος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "φτόνος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: φτόνος (ftónos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: φτόνος (ftónos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ (phthonos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Coptic: ⲫⲑⲟⲛⲟⲥ (phthonos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "φθόνος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: φθόνος (fthónos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: φθόνος (fthónos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰgʷʰen-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰen-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "De Vaan tentatively suggests a connection with φθάνω (phthánō, “to anticipate, be ahead of”). According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰen-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "phthónos",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ φθόνος",
"roman": "ho phthónos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνω",
"roman": "phthónō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ φθόνοι",
"roman": "hoi phthónoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ φθόνου",
"roman": "toû phthónou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνοιν",
"roman": "phthónoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνων",
"roman": "phthónōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ φθόνῳ",
"roman": "tôi phthónōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνοιν",
"roman": "phthónoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς φθόνοις",
"roman": "toîs phthónois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν φθόνον",
"roman": "tòn phthónon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνω",
"roman": "phthónō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς φθόνους",
"roman": "toùs phthónous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνε",
"roman": "phthóne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνω",
"roman": "phthónō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "φθόνοι",
"roman": "phthónoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "φθόνου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "φθόνος • (phthónos) m (genitive φθόνου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "φθόνος",
"2": "ου"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"envy, jealousy"
],
"links": [
[
"envy",
"envy"
],
[
"jealousy",
"jealousy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"malice, grudge, ill will"
],
"links": [
[
"malice",
"malice"
],
[
"grudge",
"grudge"
],
[
"ill will",
"ill will"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cause for indignation, reproach"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"indignation",
"indignation"
],
[
"reproach",
"reproach"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"jealousy of the gods"
],
"links": [
[
"jealousy",
"jealousy"
],
[
"god",
"god"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"refusal for feelings of ill will or envy, grudging"
],
"links": [
[
"refusal",
"refusal"
],
[
"ill will",
"ill will"
],
[
"envy",
"envy"
],
[
"grudging",
"grudging"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰtʰó.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸθo.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfθo.nos/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʰtʰó.nos/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʰtʰo.nos/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸθo.nos/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfθo.nos/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfθo.nos/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "φθόνος"
}
Download raw JSONL data for φθόνος meaning in Ancient Greek (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.