"σφαῖρα" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "σφαίρα",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: σφαίρα f (sfaíra)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: σφαίρα f (sfaíra)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "sphaera",
            "bor": "1",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: sphaera f",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: sphaera f (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "սփէր",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Armenian: սփէր (spʿēr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Armenian: սփէր (spʿēr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "სფერო",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: სფერო (spero)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: სფერო (spero)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σπαίρω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to gasp"
      },
      "expansion": "σπαίρω (spaírō, “to gasp”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sperH-",
        "pos": "the original sense would be \"something that rebounds\"",
        "t": "to kick, rebound, move convulsively"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick, rebound, move convulsively”, the original sense would be \"something that rebounds\")",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σπ-"
      },
      "expansion": "σπ-",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σφ-"
      },
      "expansion": "σφ-",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "grk-pro",
        "3": "*skʷʰə́řřa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *skʷʰə́řřa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sgʷʰer-",
        "t": "to be round"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sgʷʰer- (“to be round”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬰𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬥𐬀",
        "t": "round"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬥𐬀 (zgər^əsna, “round”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "g": "p",
        "t": "skeins of wool",
        "ts": "šū̆rita"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [Term?] pl (/⁠šū̆rita⁠/, “skeins of wool”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xlu",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Luwian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "(síg)"
      },
      "expansion": "(síg)",
      "name": "smallcaps"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Connections with σπαίρω (spaírō, “to gasp”) or Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick, rebound, move convulsively”, the original sense would be \"something that rebounds\") have been suggested, but the aspiration of σπ- to σφ- is unexplained and the semantic development is dubious. Nikolayev instead suggests derivation from a Proto-Hellenic *skʷʰə́řřa, from a putative Proto-Indo-European *sgʷʰer- (“to be round”); compare Avestan 𐬰𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬥𐬀 (zgər^əsna, “round”) and Hittite [Term?] pl (/⁠šū̆rita⁠/, “skeins of wool”) (a borrowing from Luwian).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "σφαῖρᾰ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sphaîra",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφαίρᾱς",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ σφαῖρᾰ",
      "roman": "hē sphaîra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ sphaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ σφαῖραι",
      "roman": "hai sphaîrai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς σφαίρᾱς",
      "roman": "tês sphaírās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφαίραιν",
      "roman": "toîn sphaírain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν σφαιρῶν",
      "roman": "tôn sphairôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ σφαίρᾳ",
      "roman": "têi sphaírāi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφαίραιν",
      "roman": "toîn sphaírain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς σφαίραις",
      "roman": "taîs sphaírais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν σφαῖρᾰν",
      "roman": "tḕn sphaîran",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ sphaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς σφαίρᾱς",
      "roman": "tā̀s sphaírās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφαῖρᾰ",
      "roman": "sphaîra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "sphaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφαῖραι",
      "roman": "sphaîrai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφαίρᾱς",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "first",
        "head": "σφαῖρᾰ"
      },
      "expansion": "σφαῖρᾰ • (sphaîra) f (genitive σφαίρᾱς); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφαῖρᾰ",
        "2": "σφαίρᾱς"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "hēmisphaírion",
          "word": "ἡμισφαίριον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sphairikós",
          "word": "σφαιρῐκός"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ball, globe, sphere"
      ],
      "id": "en-σφαῖρα-grc-noun-sM8OiyuC",
      "links": [
        [
          "ball",
          "ball"
        ],
        [
          "globe",
          "globe"
        ],
        [
          "sphere",
          "sphere"
        ],
        [
          "A Greek–English Lexicon",
          "w:A Greek-English Lexicon"
        ],
        [
          "Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français",
          "w:fr:Dictionnaire grec-français (Bailly)"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰâi̯.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɸɛ.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfe.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰâi̯.ra/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspʰɛ.ra/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɸɛ.ra/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfe.ra/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfe.ra/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "σφαῖρα"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "hēmisphaírion",
      "word": "ἡμισφαίριον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphairikós",
      "word": "σφαιρῐκός"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "σφαίρα",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: σφαίρα f (sfaíra)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: σφαίρα f (sfaíra)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "sphaera",
            "bor": "1",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: sphaera f",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: sphaera f (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "սփէր",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Armenian: սփէր (spʿēr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Armenian: սփէր (spʿēr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "სფერო",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: სფერო (spero)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: სფერო (spero)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σπαίρω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to gasp"
      },
      "expansion": "σπαίρω (spaírō, “to gasp”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sperH-",
        "pos": "the original sense would be \"something that rebounds\"",
        "t": "to kick, rebound, move convulsively"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick, rebound, move convulsively”, the original sense would be \"something that rebounds\")",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σπ-"
      },
      "expansion": "σπ-",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σφ-"
      },
      "expansion": "σφ-",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "grk-pro",
        "3": "*skʷʰə́řřa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *skʷʰə́řřa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sgʷʰer-",
        "t": "to be round"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sgʷʰer- (“to be round”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬰𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬥𐬀",
        "t": "round"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬥𐬀 (zgər^əsna, “round”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "g": "p",
        "t": "skeins of wool",
        "ts": "šū̆rita"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [Term?] pl (/⁠šū̆rita⁠/, “skeins of wool”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xlu",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Luwian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "(síg)"
      },
      "expansion": "(síg)",
      "name": "smallcaps"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Connections with σπαίρω (spaírō, “to gasp”) or Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick, rebound, move convulsively”, the original sense would be \"something that rebounds\") have been suggested, but the aspiration of σπ- to σφ- is unexplained and the semantic development is dubious. Nikolayev instead suggests derivation from a Proto-Hellenic *skʷʰə́řřa, from a putative Proto-Indo-European *sgʷʰer- (“to be round”); compare Avestan 𐬰𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬥𐬀 (zgər^əsna, “round”) and Hittite [Term?] pl (/⁠šū̆rita⁠/, “skeins of wool”) (a borrowing from Luwian).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "σφαῖρᾰ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sphaîra",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφαίρᾱς",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ σφαῖρᾰ",
      "roman": "hē sphaîra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ sphaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ σφαῖραι",
      "roman": "hai sphaîrai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς σφαίρᾱς",
      "roman": "tês sphaírās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφαίραιν",
      "roman": "toîn sphaírain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν σφαιρῶν",
      "roman": "tôn sphairôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ σφαίρᾳ",
      "roman": "têi sphaírāi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφαίραιν",
      "roman": "toîn sphaírain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς σφαίραις",
      "roman": "taîs sphaírais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν σφαῖρᾰν",
      "roman": "tḕn sphaîran",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ sphaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς σφαίρᾱς",
      "roman": "tā̀s sphaírās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφαῖρᾰ",
      "roman": "sphaîra",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "sphaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφαῖραι",
      "roman": "sphaîrai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφαίρᾱς",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "first",
        "head": "σφαῖρᾰ"
      },
      "expansion": "σφαῖρᾰ • (sphaîra) f (genitive σφαίρᾱς); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφαῖρᾰ",
        "2": "σφαίρᾱς"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
        "Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek properispomenon terms",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
        "Hittite term requests"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ball, globe, sphere"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ball",
          "ball"
        ],
        [
          "globe",
          "globe"
        ],
        [
          "sphere",
          "sphere"
        ],
        [
          "A Greek–English Lexicon",
          "w:A Greek-English Lexicon"
        ],
        [
          "Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français",
          "w:fr:Dictionnaire grec-français (Bailly)"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰâi̯.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɸɛ.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfe.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰâi̯.ra/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspʰɛ.ra/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsɸɛ.ra/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfe.ra/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsfe.ra/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "σφαῖρα"
}