"σφήν" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "إِسْفِين",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Arabic: إِسْفِين (ʔisfīn), سَفِين (safīn), سَفَن (safan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Arabic: إِسْفِين (ʔisfīn), سَفِين (safīn), سَفَن (safan)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܣܦܝܢܐ",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "sp̄īnā"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܣܦܝܢܐ (sp̄īnā), ܐܣܦܢܐ (ʾespēnā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܣܦܝܢܐ (sp̄īnā), ܐܣܦܢܐ (ʾespēnā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "spheno-",
            "alts": "1",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ English: spheno-, sphen- (before a vowel)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ English: spheno-, sphen- (before a vowel)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "sphène",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: sphène\n→ English: sphene\n→ Romanian: sfen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: sphène\n→ English: sphene\n→ Romanian: sfen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "σφήνα"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: σφήνα (sfína)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: σφήνα (sfína)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "сфи́на"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: сфи́на (sfína)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: сфи́на (sfína)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "स्फ्य",
        "3": "",
        "4": "oar; spar"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphya, “oar; spar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*spēnuz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "chip, shaving"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spēnuz (“chip, shaving”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Has been linked to Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphya, “oar; spar”) and Proto-Germanic *spēnuz (“chip, shaving”), but this is phonologically impossible due to the aspirated labial (/pʰ/) in Greek. Pre-Greek origin is likely.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sphḗn",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφηνός",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ σφήν",
      "roman": "ho sphḗn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφῆνε",
      "roman": "tṑ sphêne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ σφῆνες",
      "roman": "hoi sphênes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ σφηνός",
      "roman": "toû sphēnós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφηνοῖν",
      "roman": "toîn sphēnoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν σφηνῶν",
      "roman": "tôn sphēnôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ σφηνῐ́",
      "roman": "tôi sphēní",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφηνοῖν",
      "roman": "toîn sphēnoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς σφησῐ́",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφησῐ́ν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs sphēsí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs sphēsín",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν σφῆνᾰ",
      "roman": "tòn sphêna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφῆνε",
      "roman": "tṑ sphêne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς σφῆνᾰς",
      "roman": "toùs sphênas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφήν",
      "roman": "sphḗn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῆνε",
      "roman": "sphêne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῆνες",
      "roman": "sphênes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφηνός",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "third"
      },
      "expansion": "σφήν • (sphḗn) m (genitive σφηνός); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφήν",
        "2": "σφηνός",
        "form": "M-full"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Simple machines",
          "orig": "grc:Simple machines",
          "parents": [
            "Machines",
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "grc:Violence",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "antisphḗn",
          "word": "ᾰ̓ντῐσφήν"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ensphēnóomai",
          "word": "ἐνσφηνόομαι"
        },
        {
          "roman": "epísphēnos",
          "word": "ἐπῐ́σφηνος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "katasphēnóomai",
          "word": "κᾰτᾰσφηνόομαι"
        },
        {
          "roman": "parasphḗnion",
          "word": "πᾰρᾰσφήνῐον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sphēnárion",
          "word": "σφηνᾰ́ρῐον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sphēneús",
          "word": "σφηνεύς"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sphēnískos",
          "word": "σφηνῐ́σκος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sphēnoeidḗs",
          "word": "σφηνοειδής"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sphēnoképhalos",
          "word": "σφηνοκέφᾰλος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sphēnópous",
          "word": "σφηνόπους"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sphēnopṓgōn",
          "word": "σφηνοπώγων"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sphēnóō",
          "word": "σφηνόω"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 64",
          "roman": "adamantínou nûn sphēnòs authádē gnáthon stérnōn diampàx passáleu' errhōménōs",
          "text": "ἀδαμαντίνου νῦν σφηνὸς αὐθάδη γνάθον στέρνων διαμπὰξ πασσάλευ' ἐῤῥωμένως"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wedge (part of a simple machine); also used as an instrument of torture"
      ],
      "id": "en-σφήν-grc-noun-Jf1~cN1Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "wedge",
          "wedge"
        ],
        [
          "simple machine",
          "simple machine#English"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument#English"
        ],
        [
          "torture",
          "torture#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰɛ̌ːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɸin/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sfin/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰɛ̌ːn/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰe̝n/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɸin/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sfin/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sfin/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "σφήν"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "antisphḗn",
      "word": "ᾰ̓ντῐσφήν"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ensphēnóomai",
      "word": "ἐνσφηνόομαι"
    },
    {
      "roman": "epísphēnos",
      "word": "ἐπῐ́σφηνος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "katasphēnóomai",
      "word": "κᾰτᾰσφηνόομαι"
    },
    {
      "roman": "parasphḗnion",
      "word": "πᾰρᾰσφήνῐον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphēnárion",
      "word": "σφηνᾰ́ρῐον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphēneús",
      "word": "σφηνεύς"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphēnískos",
      "word": "σφηνῐ́σκος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphēnoeidḗs",
      "word": "σφηνοειδής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphēnoképhalos",
      "word": "σφηνοκέφᾰλος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphēnópous",
      "word": "σφηνόπους"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphēnopṓgōn",
      "word": "σφηνοπώγων"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sphēnóō",
      "word": "σφηνόω"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "إِسْفِين",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Arabic: إِسْفِين (ʔisfīn), سَفِين (safīn), سَفَن (safan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Arabic: إِسْفِين (ʔisfīn), سَفِين (safīn), سَفَن (safan)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܣܦܝܢܐ",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "sp̄īnā"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܣܦܝܢܐ (sp̄īnā), ܐܣܦܢܐ (ʾespēnā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܣܦܝܢܐ (sp̄īnā), ܐܣܦܢܐ (ʾespēnā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "spheno-",
            "alts": "1",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ English: spheno-, sphen- (before a vowel)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ English: spheno-, sphen- (before a vowel)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "sphène",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: sphène\n→ English: sphene\n→ Romanian: sfen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: sphène\n→ English: sphene\n→ Romanian: sfen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "σφήνα"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: σφήνα (sfína)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: σφήνα (sfína)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "сфи́на"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: сфи́на (sfína)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: сфи́на (sfína)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "स्फ्य",
        "3": "",
        "4": "oar; spar"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphya, “oar; spar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*spēnuz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "chip, shaving"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spēnuz (“chip, shaving”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Has been linked to Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphya, “oar; spar”) and Proto-Germanic *spēnuz (“chip, shaving”), but this is phonologically impossible due to the aspirated labial (/pʰ/) in Greek. Pre-Greek origin is likely.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sphḗn",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφηνός",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ σφήν",
      "roman": "ho sphḗn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφῆνε",
      "roman": "tṑ sphêne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ σφῆνες",
      "roman": "hoi sphênes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ σφηνός",
      "roman": "toû sphēnós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφηνοῖν",
      "roman": "toîn sphēnoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν σφηνῶν",
      "roman": "tôn sphēnôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ σφηνῐ́",
      "roman": "tôi sphēní",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σφηνοῖν",
      "roman": "toîn sphēnoîn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς σφησῐ́",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφησῐ́ν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs sphēsí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs sphēsín",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν σφῆνᾰ",
      "roman": "tòn sphêna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σφῆνε",
      "roman": "tṑ sphêne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς σφῆνᾰς",
      "roman": "toùs sphênas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφήν",
      "roman": "sphḗn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῆνε",
      "roman": "sphêne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σφῆνες",
      "roman": "sphênes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφηνός",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "third"
      },
      "expansion": "σφήν • (sphḗn) m (genitive σφηνός); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σφήν",
        "2": "σφηνός",
        "form": "M-full"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek terms with quotations",
        "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Requests for translations of Ancient Greek quotations",
        "grc:Simple machines",
        "grc:Violence"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 64",
          "roman": "adamantínou nûn sphēnòs authádē gnáthon stérnōn diampàx passáleu' errhōménōs",
          "text": "ἀδαμαντίνου νῦν σφηνὸς αὐθάδη γνάθον στέρνων διαμπὰξ πασσάλευ' ἐῤῥωμένως"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wedge (part of a simple machine); also used as an instrument of torture"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wedge",
          "wedge"
        ],
        [
          "simple machine",
          "simple machine#English"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument#English"
        ],
        [
          "torture",
          "torture#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰɛ̌ːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɸin/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sfin/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰɛ̌ːn/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/spʰe̝n/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɸin/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sfin/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sfin/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "σφήν"
}